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Biomedical subjects

J Moulton

Publications and source records attributed to J Moulton.

17 recordsLinked to original sources
PubMed1995

Technique and results of laparoscopic choledochotomy for the management of bile duct calculi.

Laparoscopic choledochotomy has been performed in 50 patients to remove common bile duct calculi demonstrated on routine operative cholangiography at the time of laparoscopic cholecystectomy. The patients ranged from 16 to 91 years old. One patient died, giving a mortality of 2%. At postoperative T-tube cholangiography, retained stones were demonstrated in three patients (6%) with all stones being removed using a choledochoscope via the T-tube track. Laparoscopic common bile duct exploration via a choledochotomy is a feasible and effective method to manage common bile duct calculi demonstrated during laparoscopic cholecystectomy.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1992

Physicians' attitudes toward assisted suicide in AIDS.

We investigated factors influencing attitudes and practices among San Francisco physicians toward physician-assisted suicide in the context of AIDS. To explore this topic a questionnaire was developed for use in comparing two physician groups. This self-administered instrument was completed by 69 physician members of the San Francisco County Community Consortium (CCC), a community-based clinical research organization whose members care for persons with human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) disease. A comparison group consisted of 86 randomly sampled San Francisco physicians recruited from the California Medical Association mailing list. Anonymity of respondents was maintained. Chi-squares and t-tests were conducted to compare physician groups with regard to demographics and experiences with AIDS. Factor analytic techniques and correlational analyses were used to identify attitudinal and behavioral predictors of willingness to assist in a patient suicide. Twenty-three percent of the total sample would be likely to grant the patient's initial request for assistance in committing suicide. When faced with an adamant request, CCC members would be more likely to assist than comparison group physicians. Ethical beliefs were the strongest predictor of physicians' intention to assist. Identification with the AIDS patient also had significant predictive value.

Acquired Immunodeficiency Syndrome↗
PubMed1990

Sarcoidosis presenting as recurrent alcohol-induced pancreatitis.

A previously well 27-year-old Caucasian woman presented with five episodes of alcohol-induced abdominal pain over two years culminating in severe acute pancreatitis. Chest x-ray showed bilateral hilar lymphadenopathy and nodular pulmonary infiltrates. In hospital she developed a unilateral facial nerve palsy and other features of sarcoidosis, which was confirmed by biopsy of a pretracheal lymph node. No previous case is reported of sarcoidosis presenting with recurrent pancreatitis apparently induced on each occasion by moderate alcohol consumption and in the absence of other risk factors. Pancreatic involvement as part of sarcoidosis is uncommon but is treatable if recognized and has a good prognosis.

Adult↗
PubMed1988

Diagnosis and management of adrenal masses: 1987 Du Pont lecture.

Adrenal enlargements were found in slightly more than 100 patients of approximately 15,000 who underwent abdominal computed tomography. A firm diagnosis was made in 61 patients. Of these, 34 were screened because of suspected metastases from nonadrenal tumours. Major causes of adrenal enlargement were metastases (20 patients), nonfunctioning adenomas (15) and hormonally active masses (9). Fine-needle aspiration biopsy was a useful diagnostic aid in patients with metastases. Surgical treatment was undertaken in 17 patients (three pheochromocytomas, one Cushing's adenoma, three Conn's adenomas, four primary carcinomas, two metastatic carcinomas, three nodular hyperplasias suspected to be part of the multiple endocrine adenopathy syndrome and one myelolipoma). Work-up of an adrenal mass includes a full history and physical examination, search for possible nonadrenal primary malignant lesions, testing for excess adrenal hormone secretion, computed tomography of the abdomen and fine-needle aspiration biopsy in selected patients.

Adrenal Gland Diseases↗
PubMed1987

Acquired immunodeficiency in a seven-year-old horse.

A 7-year-old horse with no previous history of illness was determined to have a systemic infection of Rhodococcus equi. Rhodococcus equi was isolated from blood, tracheal fluid, and feces. Lymphopenia, failure to respond to concanavalin A and phytohemagglutinin lymphocyte stimulation testing, decreased concentrations of immunoglobulin (Ig)M, IgA, and IgG, low R equi antibody titer, histologic depletion of lymphoid tissue, and a failure to respond to antigenic stimulation led to the conclusion that both humoral and cell-mediated immunity were compromised. No cause for the acquired immunodeficiency could be determined.

Actinomycetales Infections↗
PubMed1985

Chronic and acute trypanosomiasis in mice: a study by in vitro cloning of lymphohaematopoietic progenitors.

A semi-solid culture system was used to study the effects of trypanosome infection in two species of mice on the propagation of progenitor cells from the bone marrow and spleen. The deer mouse (Peromyscus maniculatus) survived infection with Trypanosoma (T.) equiperdum for more than 15 days. During the first 10 days there was inhibition of development of granulocyte-monocyte colonies from progenitor cells in the bone marrow. B-lymphocyte progenitors in the spleen showed increased activity, producing colonies 140-300% above normal control groups during the same period. - Conversely, all Balb/c mice infected with the trypanosomes died within 10 days with fulminating parasitemia and massive spleen enlargement. There was a general activation of progenitor cells; B-lymphocytes from the spleen and bone marrow and granulocyte-monocyte colonies from bone marrow, although this was not sustained more than 4 days after infection. - In chronically infected deer mice the pattern of response of the bone marrow and spleen progenitor cells was significantly different over successive weekly intervals. Periodicity of response in these organs was displayed by recurring waves of activation and depression of the progenitor cells. - Thus, there were significant differences in response patterns of deer mice and Balb/c mice to T. equiperdum infection which could be established by the behavior of host lymphohaematopoietic progenitor cells in culture. We therefore suggest that such in vitro cultures may be useful in assessment of the immune response to trypanosomiasis by the host and also for the study of the pathology of both chronic and acute trypanosomiasis.

Animals↗
PubMed1984

Blast transformation of adherent macrophages infected in vitro with sporozoites of Theileria parva.

Rhipicephalus appendiculatus ticks were fed on cows with parasitemia from Theileria parva infection (East Coast fever). Homogenates of salivary glands with infective sporozoites were added to cultures of (i) monocyte-derived adherent macrophages from normal bovine peripheral blood and (ii) macrophages from spleen and bone marrow. It was shown by light, phase-contrast, and electron microscopies and by tests for lysosomal enzymes, phagocytosis of carbon particles, and cell markers (fibronectin and Fc receptors) that macrophages transformed in vitro to blast cells containing macroschizonts in 2 to 3 weeks. These blasts detached from the monolayer and grew indefinitely in suspension culture.

Animals↗
PubMed1978

A delayed induced-motion illusion.

We report a striking visual illusion which involves an induced motion that is delayed in time. An observer visually tracks a moving target in the neightborhood of a fixed target. The fixed target appears to be entrained by the moving target and appears to follow its movements after a lag of 0.33 second. A series of experiments showed that while the illusion depends on low background salience it obtains with both smooth and oscillatory motion in all directions including depth, under monocular and binocular viewing, in the absence of vestibular and kinesthetic motion cues or eye movements, and under a wide range of relative and absolute target luminance and position. The strength of the illusion and the magnitude of the induced movement's delay seem not to depend on any of the above factors. The illusion, by resisting a peripheral explanation, may provide some clues to central perceptual processing. In addition, we suggest the possibility that errors of judgment based on the nonveridical perception of motion displaced in time may play a role in nighttime automobile and aircraft accidents.

Eye Movements↗
PubMed1973

An automated microbiological method for the measurement of vitamin B12.

An automated method for the microbiological assay of vitamin B(12) is described. A chloramphenicol-resistant strain of Lactobacillus leichmannii is used as the test organism and this eliminates the need for sterilization or aseptic addition. Precipitation of the serum protein is avoided by dilution of the serum with a glutamic/malic acid solution before heating the preparation to free the vitamin B(12). Tests can be set up at a rate of 80 an hour and after incubation they can be read at 160 an hour. By interfacing a programmed electronic calculator directly with the Mecolab M which is used for the assays, results are printed directly in ng/l.

Autoanalysis↗