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Biomedical subjects

J Murakami

Publications and source records attributed to J Murakami.

At least 19 recordsLinked to original sources
PubMed1997

T-686, a novel inhibitor of plasminogen activator inhibitor-1, inhibits thrombosis without impairment of hemostasis in rats.

The aim of this study was to evaluate the antithrombotic potential of T-686 ((3E,4E)-3-benzylidene-4-(3,4,5-trimethoxy-benzylidene)-pyrr olidine-2,5-dione), a novel inhibitor of plasminogen activator inhibitor-1 (PAI-1), in rat thrombosis models. T-686 (0.1-100 mg/kg per day, p.o.) dose dependently decreased the weight of venous thrombi induced by a combination of stasis and hypercoagulability. The antithrombotic effect was enhanced by repeated administration of T-686. Warfarin (0.1 mg/kg per day for 3 days) also prevented thrombus formation. The antithrombotic action by warfarin was accompanied by prolongation of coagulation time, while no effect on coagulation time was observed in T-686-treated rats. T-686 lowered the activity of PAI-1 in plasma. In the arterio-venous shunt model, pretreatment with T-686 (10 mg/kg per day) or ticlopidine (100 mg/kg per day) for 8 days inhibited thrombus formation by 33% and 44%, respectively. T-686 had no effect on collagen-induced platelet aggregation ex vivo, while ticlopidine inhibited platelet aggregation. T-686 did not affect bleeding time at 10-100 times the antithrombotic dose, while warfarin dose dependently prolonged bleeding time at and around the antithrombotic dose. These results suggest that T-686 prevents thrombus formation in rats without impairment of hemostasis.

Animals↗
PubMed1997

Acute suppurative perithyroiditis: MR findings.

We report the MR findings in two cases of acute suppurative perithyroiditis. MR has the advantages over other imaging modalities of being able to distinguish areas of inflammation from adjacent normal tissue and of allowing imaging in planes which more accurately demonstrate the extent of the lesion. MR imaging is one of the most useful methods to evaluate this entity.

Acute Disease↗
PubMed1997

Primary non-Hodgkin lymphoma of the sinonasal cavities: correlation of CT evaluation with clinical outcome.

PURPOSE: To determine retrospectively the primary site of origin of sinonasal lymphomas with computed tomography (CT) and correlate the CT findings with histologic phenotype and clinical outcome. MATERIALS AND METHODS: In 24 patients with stage I and II non-Hodgkin lymphomas of the sinonasal cavities, the CT appearances and clinical data were reviewed retrospectively. RESULTS: The sites of primary tumor determined at CT were the nasal cavity in 13 patients, the ethmoidal sinus in three patients, and the maxillary sinus in eight patients. B-cell lymphomas were found mainly in the maxillary sinus, while T-cell lymphomas were found in the nasal cavity and ethmoidal sinus (P < .005). The 5-year survival rates in relation to the primary site of the tumor were 64% for the nasal cavity, 50% for the ethmoidal sinus, and 100% for the maxillary sinus (P = .26). CONCLUSION: Patients with B-cell primary lymphoma of the maxillary sinus tended to have a good prognosis in contrast to those with T-cell lymphomas that originated from midline structures. The primary site determined at CT appears to be correlated with the histologic phenotype and clinical outcome.

Ethmoid Sinus↗
PubMed1997

MRI findings in the liver in biliary atresia patients after the Kasai operation.

To evaluate liver function in biliary atresia (BA) patients after the Kasai operation, magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) was carried out 28 times in 19 BA patients. Sixteen of these were divided into three groups on the basis of the serum level of total bilirubin (t-bil), glutamic pyruvic transaminase (GPT) and gamma-glutamyltransferase (gamma-GTP) in the postoperative follow-up period (2-11 years). In group 1 (n = 7) the t-bil was continuously kept under 1 mg/100 ml. In group 2 (n = 4) the t-bil was continuously kept under 1 mg/100 ml, but GPT and gamma-GTP remained high (GPT > 100 IU/liter, gamma-GTP > 200 IU/ liter) for more than 2 years. In group 3 (n = 5) an increase in the t-bil level reappeared (1-2 mg/100 ml; n = 4, > 2 mg/100 ml; n = 1). The differences between MRI finding in the 3 groups, and the correlation between MRI findings and laboratory data (t-bil, cholinesterase; ChE, GPT and gamma-GTP), which were taken around the time of MRI examinations, were studied. The results were as follows: (1) All 19 patients had normal or high signal areas of various sizes on T1 weighted images (WI). (2) Eighteen of 19 patients had high signal areas of various sizes on T2 WI in the portal system areas and/or liver parenchyma, and these areas were enhanced by gadolinium-DTPA in about half of the patients. (3) Ten of 16 patients had atrophic change over one liver lobe. (4) MRI findings for group 1 and the other groups were significantly different, and MRI findings, except for atrophic change, were correlated with the increase or decrease in laboratory data taken around the time of MRI examinations (p < 0.05). These results indicate that a normal or high signal area on T1 WI shows functional tissue, and that a high signal area on T2 WI shows tissue damaged by inflammation and/or progressive fibrosis. MRI is useful for evaluating liver function, especially in terms of morphological features, in BA patients after the Kasai operation, and will be one method for establishing their prognosis.

Alanine Transaminase↗
PubMed1997

[Intrapulmonary hematoma diagnosed by magnetic resonance imaging].

We report a case of intrapulmonary hematoma in which magnetic resonance imaging was useful in establishing the diagnosis. A 53-year-old man had bronchial asthma that was well controlled with inhaled beclomethasone dipropionate and salbutamol, and with oral theophylline. A spherical mass was found in the right lower lung field on a chest radiograph taken during a regular physical examination. A CT scan showed a well circumscribed spherical mass, which was attached to an intrapulmonary bullae. Magnetic resonance imaging showed a well-circumscribed mass in the superior segment of the right lower lobe. On a T1-weighted image the mass was hyperintense and had a higher-intensity rim. On a T2-weighted image the mass was hyperintense and had some hypointense areas. We therefore diagnosed intrapulmonary hematoma. Chest radiography 6 months later revealed a substantial decrease in the size of the mass, which supported the diagnosis. As in this case, intrapulmonary hematoma can be difficult to diagnose because of the lack of a history of injury and because of the slow regression. In this case, magnetic resonance imaging was useful in making the diagnosis.

Hematoma↗
PubMed1997

[A case of 47XYY syndrome presenting with male infertility].

A 32-year-old man was referred to our hospital for primary infertility of a 4.5-year duration. Neither character nor intelligence disorders were observed. Bilateral testes measured 16 ml each. Sperm density was 0-0.1 x 10(6)/ml on 3 separate occasions. Endocrine examinations were all within normal limits. Maturation arrest was found on testicular biopsy. Karyotyping showed 47, XYY inversion. Polymerase chain reaction revealed no deletion of the azoospermic factor (AZF) gene on the Y chromosome. This is the 6th case reported in the Japanese literature of the 47XYY syndrome presenting with male infertility.

Adult↗
PubMed1996

Primary B-cell lymphoma of the breast in patient with smoldering type adult T-cell lymphoma.

We report a patient with primary B-cell lymphoma of the breast complicated by smoldering type adult T-cell leukaemia (ATL). A 52-year-old Japanese woman complained of a rapidly enlarging lump in her right breast. She had been diagnosed to have smoldering type ATL since the age of 49. Aspiration cytology and subsequent excisional biopsy revealed B-cell type lymphoma of the breast. A gallium-scintigram showed abnormal accumulation in the bilateral breasts. Radiology was adopted because the lesion was localized only in the breasts and associated with smoldering type ATL. The lesions disappeared after the treatment.

Breast Neoplasms↗
PubMed1996

Inhibitory effect of a new butadiene derivative on the production of plasminogen activator inhibitor-1 in cultured bovine endothelial cells.

Tissue-type plasminogen activator (t-PA) and its physiological inhibitor, plasminogen activator inhibitor-1 (PAI-1), are known to be synthesized by vascular endothelial cells and to play important roles in regulating the fibrinolytic activity of plasma. We found that a new butadiene derivative, (3E, 4E)-3-benzylidene-4-(3,4,5-trimethoxybenzylidene)pyrrolidine -2,5-dione (T-686), inhibits PAI-1 production without affecting plasminogen activator (PA) synthesis in cultured bovine endothelial cells. T-686 (1-10 microM) dose-dependently decreased the accumulation of PAI-1 in conditioned medium from the treated cells and elevated PA activity in the conditioned medium. Analysis of the conditioned medium by the zymography technique indicated that T-686 decreased the activities of PAI-1 with an M(r) of 55,000 and t-PA/PAI-1 complex with an M(r) of 99,000. Furthermore, T-686 attenuated the augmentation of PAI-1 antigen induced by lipopolysaccharide in the conditioned medium. The decrease of PAI-1 antigen was in parallel with the reduction of the PAI-1 mRNA level (Northern blots). These results suggest that T-686 can promote net fibrinolytic activity through suppression of PAI-1 production without affecting PA elaboration in endothelial cells.

Animals↗
PubMed1996

Partial monosomy 10q and partial trisomy 9q with anal atresia due to maternal translocation: t(9;10)(q32;q26).

We report a case of a boy with a partial deletion of the long arm of chromosome 10 and partial duplication of the long arm of chromosome 9 due to maternal balanced translocation. The karyotype was 46,XY,-10, +der(10)t(9;10)(q32;q26)mat. Our patient had imperforate anus and as this finding is usually not observed in association with trisomy 9q, it suggests that partial monosomy of the long arm of chromosome 10 might be associated with anogenital anomalies.

Abnormalities, Multiple↗
PubMed1996

Breast lesions: correlation of contrast medium enhancement patterns on MR images with histopathologic findings and tumor angiogenesis.

PURPOSE: To compare qualitative and quantitative magnetic resonance (MR) mammographic features of breast lesions with histopathologic findings, especially tumor angiogenesis. MATERIALS AND METHODS: Seventy-three patients (72 women, one man; aged 30-78 years; mean age, 51.0 years) with suspicious breast lesions underwent MR imaging. Noncontrast medium-enhanced localization imaging and then gadolinium-enhanced dynamic fast spoiled gradient-recalled-echo (SPGR) imaging were performed in all patients. In selected patients, subtraction fast SPGR images were obtained. The Pearson and Spearman correlation tests were used to determine the strength of the relationships between enhancement parameters and microvessel determinations. RESULTS: Time intensity curve type correlated with microvessel density grade (Spearman rank correlation test: r = .90, P < .001). The steepest slope of contrast medium uptake correlated with microvessel counts (Pearson correlation test; r = .83, P < .001). Peripheral enhancement in invasive carcinomas (n = 9) correlated with high peripheral and low central microvessel densities, which were associated with desmoplasia and/or necrosis. Internal septations (n = 2) were seen only in fibroadenomas. CONCLUSION: The density and distribution of microvessels may play major roles in the determination of the initial rate of contrast medium uptake and the heterogeneity of tumor enhancement.

Adult↗
PubMed1996

[Surgical repair of atrial septal defect and tricuspid regurgitation in a 79-year-old man: a case report].

A 79-year-old man with atrial septal defect (ASD) and tricuspid regurgitation was successfully operated upon. Preoperative examinations showed atrial fibrillation, moderate pulmonary hypertension and lung dysfunction. Direct closure of the ASD accompanying with tricuspid annuloplasty was performed. Postoperative administration of catecholamines continued for twenty-six days to maintain hemodynamics. An intratracheal tube was extubated two days after the operation. However, an additional respiratory support using a nasal continuous positive airway pressure method was required for six days. His postoperative physical activity has been improved with class I of the New York Heart Association classification. Surgical intervention may be the treatment of choice for aged patients over 70 years with an ASD.

Aged↗
PubMed1996

[Surgical repair of atrial septal defect in patients over 70 years of age].

Three patients over 70 years of age underwent surgical repair of secundum atrial septal defect (ASD). All patients had preoperative symptoms such as heart failure, atrial fibrillation and cardiomegaly. According to the New York Heart Association (NYHA) functional classification, two patients belonged to class II and one class III. Cardiac catheterization data revealed mild pulmonary hypertension and mild to moderate tricuspid regurgitation in all the patients. An ASD was directly closed in all the patients, and two of them required tricuspid anuloplasty. The use of catecholamine continued for two or three weeks in two patients because of postoperative cardiac dysfunction. Postoperative physical activity has improved in all the patients. Surgical repair of an ASD is recommended even for patients over 70 years of age unless they have major risks and severe pulmonary hypertension.

Aged↗
PubMed1996

[Pulmonary arterio-venous fistula treated by embolization with steel coils].

A 63-year-old man was referred to our hospital for evaluation and treatment of severe dyspnea on exertion which had persisted for a few years. He presented with cyanosis and markedly clubbed fingers, and laboratory data disclosed hypoxemia, polycythemia, and liver dysfunction. A chest X-ray film showed increased vascular markings in both lower lung fields. Arterial blood gas analysis showed severe hypoxemia, with a PaO2 of 46 Torr and a PaCO2 of 31 Torr while the patient was breathing room air. The PaO2 increased only slightly with inhalation of 100% oxygen, which suggested the presence of a large R-L shunt. The hepatopulmonary syndrome was diagnosed. Angiography of the pulmonary artery revealed a large pulmonary arterio-venous fistula with markedly dilated arteries in both lower lobes. Transarterial embolization was done three times with a total of 62 metal coils. There were no complications. Embolization reduced the shunt from 56% to 31%, increased the PaO2, and relieved the dyspnea. Pulmonary artery embolization can be useful in treating pulmonary arterio-venous fistulas associated with the hepatopulmonary syndrome.

Arteriovenous Fistula↗
PubMed1996

[Right traumatic diaphragmatic hernia: a case report].

A periodic examination of chest-X-ray films showed abnormal elevation of the right diaphragm in a 39-year-old man, who had a history of right cordal contusion due to fall from a bridge one and a half years ago. The patient had no clinical symptoms after the accident. Chest and abdominal CT scans and barium examinations of gastro-intestinal tract revealed herniation of the omentum, colon and liver into the right thoracic cavity. Under the diagnosis of diaphragmatic hernia, the patient underwent an operation through a thoracoabdominal approach showing prolapse of the omentum, colon, gall bladder and a part of liver into the thoracic cavity. Prolapse of a gallbladder is rare. Further examinations are necessary with this lesion in mind when physicians find an abnormal shadow of the diaphragm.

Adult↗
PubMed1996

[Clinical usefulness of helical computed tomography in evaluating chronic obstructive pulmonary diseases].

To assess the usefulness of healical computed tomography (CT) in evaluating pathophysiological abnormalities in chronic obstructive pulmonary disease, we compared the results of helical CT with those of pulmonary-function tests in 46 subjects with pulmonary emphysema. We obtained 3-D images of emphysematous lung tissue by choosing voxels with values less than -930 HU because the mean CT score in 10 normal subjects was -869 +/- 29 HU. For each patient the total lung volume (TLV) was computed from the 3-D image of the entire lung with CT score less than -600 HU, and the volume of emphysematous lung tissue (ELV) was computed from the lung with CT score less than -930 HU. TLV measured on inspiration correlated significantly with TLC (r = 0.601, p < 0.001), and TLV measured on expiration correlated significantly with RV (r = 0.836, p < 0.0001). The difference between inspiratory TLV and expiratory TLV correlated significantly with VC (r = 0.781, p < 0.001). ELV both on inspiration and on expiration correlated significantly with FEV1/FVC (p < 0.001) and with RV (p < 0.01, p < 0.001, respectively). These results suggest that the volume data obtained by helical CT reflect functional abnormalities of the lung. In addition to volume data, the distribution of abnormal lung tissue is easily assessed by helical CT. We conclude that helical CT is useful in evaluating pathophysiological abnormalities in chronic obstructive pulmonary disease.

Humans↗
PubMed1995

Relationship between responsiveness to colony stimulating factors (CSFs) and surface phenotype of leukemic blasts.

We examined the responsiveness of leukemic cells to colony stimulating factors (CSFs) as determined by 3H-TdR incorporation and surface phenotypes of leukemic blasts. In acute myeloid leukemia (AML), CD13 and/or CD33 positive and HLA-DR negative M1 and M3 cases tended to show high response to G-CSF, GM-CSFs and IL-3, however, all HLA-DR positive M1, M2, M4 and M5 cases were unresponsive to CSFs but showed high autonomous growth. In acute lymphocytic leukemia (ALL), no response was observed to any CSFs but high autonomous growth was found in mixed leukemia cases. Sole T or B lineage cases showed low autonomous growth. These results suggest the varied nature of the proliferative state in leukemia and the existence of a subgroup in M1.

Cell Division↗
PubMed1995

[A clinical study of dip type hearing loss in children].

Between 1970 and 1994, 60 pediatric cases, with 81 ears found to have dip type sensory neural hearing loss based on the appearance of an audiogram, were reported to the Department of Otorhinolaryngology at Iwate Medical University. These findings were clinically evaluated and compared to adult findings. The following results were obtained; 1) The dip type hearing loss was commonly seen among boys. 2) Approximately 25% were due to acoustic trauma, while 75% were of unknown origin. 3) Out of the 81 ears, 74 (91.4%) had a 4 kHz dip. 4) An 8kHz drop indicated "abrupt type" hearing loss. 5) Many fathers of the children with dip type hearing loss were also found to have a hearing disorder. Among these fathers, many were found to have a dip type hearing loss similar to that of their children. 6) There were no differences in the clinical findings of dip type hearing loss between the adult and pediatric cases. Thus, the adult form is essentially equivalent to that in children. 7) Since dip type hearing losses were found mostly in the male group, it was assumed that a hereditary factor is involved.

Adolescent↗