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J N Hugues

Publications and source records attributed to J N Hugues.

10 recordsLinked to original sources
PubMed1992

Effects of short-term GnRH agonist--human menopausal gonadotrophin stimulation in patients pre-treated with progestogen.

The recent use of gonadotrophin-releasing hormone agonist in a short-term regimen has allowed the effectiveness of human menopausal gonadotrophin (HMG) stimulation to be markedly improved. It seems to be related to the flare-up effect of the agonist in the early follicular phase of the cycle. However, individual hormonal responses to the agonist are quite variable and four patterns of oestradiol secretion have been described. The present study indicates that in women pre-treated with progestogen, only two patterns of serum oestradiol are observed in the flare-up period, with a significant increase in 57% of patients. Significant correlations are observed between oestradiol values and the endogenous gonadotrophin surge (positively with luteinizing hormone, r = 0.38; P less than 0.05 and negatively with follicle stimulating hormone, r = 0.48; P less than 0.005). Furthermore, there was a significant relationship between the hormonal flare-up and the ovarian parameters following HMG stimulation. In conclusion, in progestogen-pre-treated women, the serum oestradiol level during the flare-up period is a reliable index to predict subsequent effectiveness of ovarian stimulation with HMG.

Adult↗
PubMed1991

Chromosome analysis of multipronuclear human oocytes after in vitro fertilization.

Multipronuclear human eggs are frequent after in vitro fertilization. Their chromosome analysis can provide useful information. Before cleavage it can confirm the suspected polyploidy. Among the cleaved multipronuclear eggs it provides an estimation of the incidence of the possible return to diploidy. Ninety-four multipronuclear eggs were fixed at the first, second, or third cleavage according to the air-drying method of Tarkowski with or without colchicine exposure: 60 were successfully analysed. Twelve were stopped before cleavage (six without colchicine treatment and six with colchicine treatment). They were polyploid, confirming the cytological observation. Forty-eight eggs cleaved and were stopped by colchicine treatment and karyotyped. Seventeen eggs (35 per cent) had produced diploid embryos. Mosaicism was frequent (15 cases, 31 per cent). Triploidy was not frequent (8 eggs, 17 per cent). Haploidy constituted the remaining cases (8 eggs, 17 per cent). Our data indicate that the initial count of pronuclei is a reliable test. Multipronuclear one-cell oocytes were confirmed to be polyploid. Furthermore, the developmental capacity of the multipronuclear oocytes is variable. Most of them cleaved. However, many multipronuclear oocytes led to diploid cleaving eggs.

Adult↗
PubMed1991

Local control of Leydig cell arginine vasopressin receptor by naloxone.

Arginine vasopressin (AVP) and beta-endorphin are present within the testis where they could act as paracrine effectors of steroidogenesis. In this study we investigated the effect of naloxone, an opioid receptor antagonist on Leydig cell AVP receptor. Intratesticular injection of increasing doses of naloxone (0.1-100 micrograms) resulted 24 h later in a dose-dependent increase in Leydig cell AVP binding capacity. This effect occurred locally since s.c. injection of similar doses of naloxone did not alter the testicular AVP receptor content and intratesticular injection enhanced AVP receptor density only in the naloxone-treated testis but not in the contralateral vehicle-treated testis. Scatchard plot analysis of the data revealed that naloxone locally injected altered AVP binding capacity without change in affinity. These results suggest that in addition to their known paracrine effects in the testis, endogenous opioid peptides may locally control the testicular AVP system by modulating AVP receptor capacity.

Animals↗
PubMed1991

Interest of growth hormone-releasing hormone administration for improvement of ovarian responsiveness to gonadotropins in poor responder women.

OBJECTIVE: We have investigated the beneficial effect of a somatotroph axis stimulation on ovarian response to gonadotropin. DESIGN: Growth hormone-releasing hormone (GH-RH) was administered in a prospective study in women undergoing an in vitro fertilization protocol. PATIENTS: Twelve patients were selected for their poor ovarian response to previous stimulations using gonadotropin-releasing hormone analog (GnRH-a) and human menopausal gonadotropins (hMG). INTERVENTIONS: Five hundred micrograms of GH-RH1-29 were administered two times daily concomitantly with GnRH-a and hMG from day 2 of the cycle to the time of ovulation. MAIN OUTCOME MEASURES: Stimulation of somatotroph axis was appreciated by measuring over-night urinary growth hormone (GH) output, plasma GH, and insulin-like growth factor I (IGF-I) and follicular fluid (FF) IGF-I. The effects of GH-RH administration on ovarian function were determined by plasma estradiol levels and follicular data. RESULTS: Administration of GH-RH was associated with a significant improvement of urinary (P less than 0.025) and plasma (P less than 0.001) GH concentrations and of the hormonal response to hMG (P less than 0.01). Levels of IGF-I followed a biphasic plasma variation, and a slight increase in recruited follicles, retrieved oocytes, and FF IGF-I content was also observed. CONCLUSIONS: Activation of the somatotroph axis by GH-RH enhances the hormonal ovarian response to hMG and may be an adjunctive therapy to improve follicular maturation.

Adult↗
PubMed1991

Cytogenetic study of human oocytes uncleaved after in-vitro fertilization.

Chromosome analysis of oocytes uncleaved after IVF allows the cause of the failure of cleavage to be determined and shows the incidence of chromosome disorders among human oocytes. A total of 198 uncleaved oocytes fixed 40 h after insemination were successfully analysed according to Tarkowski's air-drying method: 78.3% were unfertilized and arrested in metaphase II. Among them, 70% were normal (23,X) and 30% aneuploid (16% were hypohaploid, 14% were hyperhaploid). The incidence of chromosome breaks was 18%. In 12.1% of the oocytes, sperm chromosome condensation appeared premature usually in the G1 phase. This was especially observed in idiopathic infertility (7% of fertilized oocytes versus 2% in tubal infertility cases). In 8.1% of the cases, chromosome analysis showed diploidy which may be interpreted by either an absence of extrusion or a reintrusion of the polar body or by first cleavage failure during mitosis. In 1% of the cases triploidy was observed. Our results show that the main reason for failure of cleavage is related to failure of fertilization (78.3%). However, premature condensation of sperm chromosomes at the G1 phase appears to be quite frequent. This may be involved in the aetiology of some cases of idiopathic infertility. Finally, the high rate of chromosomal disorders (30%) in human oocytes may explain the high rate of chromosomal abnormalities in preimplantation embryos.

Adult↗
PubMed1979

[TRH response in 53 patients with chronic alcoholism (author's transl)].

A study of thyroid function was undertaken in 53 patients with chronic alcoholism the following tests were performed: T3 RIA, T4 RIA, T3 test and I.V. TRH-test. The patients were divided into 3 groups according to the degree of liver injury: histologically documented fibrosteatosis (group 1), cirrhosis (group 2); group 3 consisted of severe cirrhosis with coagulation defects precluding liver biopsy. 32 healthy subjects served as controls. Free thyroxine index was normal in the 3 groups of patients; on the contrary, serum T3 RIA was significantly reduced in the 2nd and the 3rd group. The decrease of T3 correlated with the degree of hepatocellular failure. TRH test was almost always normal. If patients are separated into two groups according to their circulating T3 levels, it appears that subjects with low T3 show a TRH-induced increase in TSH lower than in the other group, but not significantly different from normal subjects, suggesting an inadequate hypothalamic reactivity.

Adult↗
PubMed1978

[Myxedema coma].

Explore the source record for details and available documents.

Coma↗
PubMed1978

Effects of chronic alcoholism on the pituitary-gonadal function of women during menopausal transition and in the post menopausal period.

The hypothalamo-pituitary gonadal function was evaluated in eleven chronically alcoholic menopausal women by measurement of basal serum oestradiol, FSH, LH and prolactin, followed by LHRH-TRH test and administration of clomiphene citrate. All patients had hepatic damage, fibrosteatosis or cirrhosis. Two subgroups have been isolated according to urinary and serum estrogen levels: seven patients with urinary estrogen output less than 14 microgram per 24 h and plasma oestradiol less than 40 pg per ml were considered as post menopausal women: basal values of FSH and LH and their response to LHRH did not differ from that observed in normal menopausal women; clomiphene citrate induced a significant suppression of FSH and LH blood levels. Four women with urinary estrogen output greater than 14 microgram per 24 h and plasma oestradiol greater than 40 pg per ml were considered in menopausal transition. Their basal and post LHRH-FSH blood levels were lower than in the control group. These results suggest a normal hypothalamo-pituitary-gonadal axis at least in the post menopausal alcoholic women.

Aged↗
PubMedDate not supplied

[Value of the study of plasma estrogens in the exploration of gynecomastia. Apropos of 48 cases].

Starting from 48 cases of gynecomastia, the authors report the following findings: -- Impairment of the testis function, as assessed by a low plasma level of testosterone, is rare. -- Basal values of gonadotropins are generally normal. -- Increased oestrogen urinary excretion and blood level are rarely found but, when present, they tend to decrease at successive evaluations. -- In six cases, plasmatic oestradiol can be suppressed by dexamethasone; although the small number of cases does not allow a definite conclusion, one might suggest a predominant adrenal source of plasmatic oestradiol.

17-Ketosteroids↗