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Biomedical subjects

J Nemes

Publications and source records attributed to J Nemes.

At least 19 recordsLinked to original sources
PubMed2000

[Oxidative stress and antioxidant defense in alcoholic liver disease and chronic hepatitis C].

In the past decade it became accepted that free radicals, lipid peroxidation and antioxidant defense play a role in various tissues damages, thus in certain liver diseases as well. Since only limited data have been reported concerning the oxidative stress in viral hepatitis, a comparative study was performed in patients (pts) with chronic hepatitis C and alcoholic liver disease. In addition, the effects of a flavonolignan drug silymarin were assessed. 10 pts with chronic hepatitis C, 5 pts with alcoholic hepatitis and 13 pts with alcoholic cirrhosis have been investigated. Biochemical liver tests (serum bilirubin, aminotransferases, ALT, AST, lactate dehydrogenase (LDH), pseudocholinesterase, prothrombin), malandialdehyde (MDA) levels in plasma and red blood cell (RBC) hemolysate, superoxide radical generating capacity of stimulated polymorphonuclear granulocytes (PMN), plasma concentrations of reduced (GSH) and oxidized (GSSG) glutathione, vitamin A, luteine and beta carotene, furthermore RBC superoxide dismutase (SOD), glutathione peroxidase (GPx) and catalase activities were determined. The level of plasma MDA--as the marker of lipid peroxidation--was highest in alcoholic cirrhosis (five times of normal) (p < 0.05), the RBC hemolysate MDA was most elevated in chronic hepatitis C (p < 0.05). The mean PMNs' superoxide radical generating capacity was 116.6% of normal control in alcoholic hepatitis, where the mean GSH level was the lowest (89.8% of normal). Plasma vitamin A content was lowest in alcoholic cirrhosis (68% of control) (p < 0.05). SOD activity was elevated in both chronic hepatitis C and alcoholic cirrhosis, where GPx activity was decreased (p < 0.05). There was a correlation between LDH and SOD activities (r = 0.77, p = 0.015). Silymarin treatment of one month duration resulted in normalization of serum bilirubin in 55% of treated pts, AST became normal in 45%, and RBC hemolyzate MDA level normalized in similar rate. A significant increase in both GSH and retinoids was found. Alterations in oxidative stress and antioxidant defense system were shown in chronic hepatitis C, not only in alcoholic liver disease. The parameters of lipid peroxidation and antioxidant defense may be useful surrogate markers for monitoring pts with liver disease during hepatoprotective treatment.

Adult↗
PubMed2000

[Experience with laparoscopic adrenalectomy in 25 cases].

Between July 1997, and April 1999 the authors performed 25 transperitoneal laparoscopic adrenalectomies. Conversion due to bleeding in 3 cases and due to unsuspected malignancy in 1 case was necessary. Complete resection was carried out in 22 cases. In 3 cases where a well circumscribed adenoma was visualized, only enucleation was performed. A new approach for left sided resection was also introduced. In the authors experience laparoscopy is an absolutely suitable intervention for the benign diseases of the adrenal glands. It assures a short, uncomplicated and painless postoperative period for the patients, with the same effectivity and safety compared to the conventional method.

Adrenalectomy↗
PubMed1999

[Function of the central sterilization office at the Semmelweis Clinic of Conservative Dentistry and Prosthodontics].

In order to prevent cross-infection by blood borne and other pathogens central sterilization department has been constructed in the common building of the Depts. of Conservative Dentistry and Prosthodontics. Instrument sterilization is accomplished in six steps: (1) consolidation and transport of instruments, (2) cleaning, (3) packaging, (4) sterilization, (5) storage, (6) sterilizer monitoring. This process is performed by trained sterilization technicians to ensure that attending faculty, student dentists, clinical staff and patients are protected from cross-infection caused by contaminated dental instruments.

Cross Infection↗
PubMed1999

[The role of salivary immunoglobulins (secretory IgA, IgM, IgG) in caries prevalence and primary B-cell deficiency].

The role of salivary immunoglobulins (IgA, IgM, IgG) in caries etiology is not yet clearly known. Our aim was to study whether there might be a connection between the amount of immunoglobulins in the saliva and caries prevalence. It was found that there was a significant difference (p < 0.05 or less) in secretory IgA, IgM, IgG levels, as well as DMF-T, DMF-S (approx) indices between selective IgA deficient, hypogammaglobulinemic, and healthy children, who had primary teeth.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1999

Hemorheological and hemodynamic parameters in patients with essential hypertension and their modification by alpha-1 inhibitor drug treatment.

Hemorheological factors play an important role in the pathogenesis of different cardiovascular diseases. The hemorheological and hemodynamic parameters in essential hypertension and their possible modification by antihypertensive treatment were examined in the following two studies. In the first study the fundus appearance and hemorheological parameters (plasma and whole blood viscosity (WBV), fibrinogen level) of 33 hypertensive patients (mean age: 55 years) were examined. The fundus appearance showed retinopathy in all the cases between stages I-III. All the measured hemorheological parameters of the examined patients were in the pathological range (WBV at 90 s(-1): 5.18 mPa s) and were significantly (p < 0.01) higher than in healthy controls (WBV at 90 s(-1): 4.18 mPa s). The hemorheological factors showed a parallel deterioration with the fundus appearance, namely their values were significantly (p < 0.01) higher in patients with a fundus appearance stage III (WBV at 90 s(-1): 6.02 mPa s) than stage I (WBV at 90 s(-1): 4.51 mPa s). These results show that there is a correlation between hemorheological parameters and fundus appearance in hypertensives, and this suggests that hemorheological factors may play a role in the development of hypertensive retinopathy. In the second study the hemorheological and hemodynamical effects of Doxazosin, a selective alpha-1-adrenoreceptor blocker agent, was examined in twenty patients (mean age: 54 years) with essential hypertension. Hemorheologic (hematocrit, fibrinogen, plasma and whole blood viscosity) and hemodynamic (cardiac output and index, total peripheral resistance) parameters and plasma lipids were determined. The measurements were carried out before the beginning of the treatment, after 1 week and after 12 weeks treatment periods. Besides significant reduction of blood pressure and total peripheral resistance (p < 0.001), a decrease in cholesterol (p < 0.001) and triglycerides (p < 0.01) levels and a beneficial effect on hemorheological parameters was detected. Fibrinogen and plasma viscosity decreased significantly (p < 0.01). Hematocrit value was also lower after one week (p < 0.001), then an increase could be seen. Whole blood viscosity showed similar changes as hematocrit, but the degree of its final increase was slighter, which was supported by the significantly lower value of corrected blood viscosity (p < 0.05). All these findings indicate that hemorheological factors may play a role in the pathogenesis and in the development of organ damages in hypertension.

Adrenergic alpha-Antagonists↗
PubMed1998

Reciprocal interactions between human cytomegalovirus and human T cell leukemia-lymphoma virus type I in monocyte-derived macrophages cultured in vitro.

Infection of macrophages with human cytomegalovirus (HCMV) has been shown to be nonlytic and exclusively cell associated. Human T cell leukemia-lymphoma virus type I (HTLV-I) is capable of establishing productive infection in macrophages. We studied the interactions between HCMV and HTLV-I in monocyte-derived macrophages cultured in vitro. We found that coinfection of macrophages with HCMV and HTLV-I significantly enhanced HCMV replication, resulting in release of infectious HCMV from dually infected cells. On the other hand, HCMV inhibited HTLV-I replication in macrophages coinfected with both viruses. Reciprocal interactions between HCMV and HTLV-I were mediated by their trans-acting proteins. Results of transfection studies demonstrated that the tax gene product of HTLV-I alone was capable of upregulating HCMV production. In a transient gene expression assay the immediate-early 2 (IE2) protein of HCMV alone could inhibit HTLV-I replication, whereas the IE1 protein, which had no effect by itself, produced a synergistic inhibitory effect together with the IE2 protein. Results from this study suggest that in vivo double infection of macrophages with HCMV and HTLV-I may contribute to the dissemination of HCMV infection in patients suffering from HTLV-I-associated T cell leukemia-lymphoma.

Antigens, Viral↗
PubMed1997

Epstein-Barr virus permissively infects human syncytiotrophoblasts in vitro and induces replication of human T cell leukemia-lymphoma virus type I in dually infected cells.

Epstein-Barr virus (EBV) and human immunodeficiency virus type 1 (HIV-1), as well as human T-cell leukemia-lymphoma virus type I (HTLV-I), may interact in the pathogenesis of human retroviral infections. The placental syncytiotrophoblast layer represents a barrier protecting the fetal compartment from exposure to retroviruses. We studied the interactions of EBV with HIV-1 and HTLV-I in human term syncytiotrophoblast cells to investigate the significance of double infections in transplacental transmission of human retroviruses. We found that syncytiotrophoblast cells could be productively infected with EBV. Dual infection of the cells with EBV and HTLV-I resulted in full replication cycle of otherwise latent HTLV-I. In contrast, the restricted permissiveness of syncytiotrophoblasts for HIV-1 was not influenced by coinfection of the cells with EBV. Infection of syncytiotrophoblast cells with EBV, but not HTLV-I, induced interleukin-2 and interleukin-6 secretion, and augmented secretion occurred on coinfection with both viruses. Coinfection of syncytiotrophoblast cells with EBV and HTLV-I induced tumor necrosis factor-beta and transforming growth factor-beta 1 secretion, but infection with either virus alone did not lead to secretion of these cytokines. Permissive replication cycle of HTLV-I was induced by the EBV immediate-early gene product Zta. Pseudotype formation between EBV and HTLV-I in coinfected syncytiotrophoblast cells was not found. Our data suggest that activation of HTLV-I gene expression by EBV in coinfected syncytiotrophoblast cells may be a mechanism for transplacental transmission of HTLV-I.

Animals↗
PubMed1997

Two parallel routes of the complement-mediated antibody-dependent enhancement of HIV-1 infection.

OBJECTIVE: To study the mechanism of the complement-mediated antibody-dependent enhancement (C'-ADE) of HIV infection which may play a significant role in the progression of HIV-disease. METHODS: In vitro complement activating and complement-mediated HIV-infection enhancing abilities of three human anti-gp41 monoclonal antibodies (MAb) were tested. C'-ADE was estimated using HIV-1IIIB and CR2 (CD21)-carrying MT-4 target cells. Normal human serum (NHS), purified C1q, C1q-deficient (C1qD) and C2-deficient (C2D) human sera were applied as complement sources. RESULTS: All MAb mediated increased C1q binding to solid-phase gp41. All MAb had a marked dose-dependent and strictly complement-mediated HIV-infection enhancing effect. Mixtures of the MAb with purified C1q also significantly increased HIV-1 infection. C1qD serum had a markedly lower enhancing effect than NHS, which could be raised to normal level by addition of purified C1q. Pretreatment of the target cells with anti-CR2 antibodies only partially inhibited the enhancing effect of the MAb plus normal human serum. CONCLUSION: These novel findings indicate that besides the well-known facilitation of entry of HIV-1 by the interaction between virus-bound C3 fragments and CR2 present on the target cells, fixation of C1q to intact virions also results in an enhanced productive HIV-1 infection in the MT-4 cell cultures.

Antibodies, Monoclonal↗
PubMed1997

[Megakaryocytic thrombopenic purpura associated with enamel hypoplasia].

Patients with platelet disorders usually bleed into superficial sites such as the skin, mucous membranes, genitourinary tract and gastrointestinal tract caused by thrombocytopenia or thrombocyte dysfunction. Thrombocytopenia is caused by one of three mechanisms-decreased marrow production, increased splenic sequestration, or accelerated destruction of platelets. We report a 9-year-old male patient with thrombocytopenic purpura, dyserythropoetic anaemia, freckles on the skin and nanosomia, resembling Fanconi's (constitutional) anaemia. Although many patients with constitutional anaemia own other bony abnormalities, it was not found in this case. On the other hand, the patient showed enamel hypoplasia. To our knowledge, this association has never been reported before. Laboratory diagnosis, clinical findings, dental abnormalities and treatment are presented in details.

Abnormalities, Multiple↗
PubMed1997

The values of detection of free radical mediated reactions in patients.

The peroxidative processes and individual antioxidant protection were measured in patients with different cardiovascular diseases. We concluded that monitoring of this system we were able to detect not only the actual changes of lipid peroxidation and antioxidant defence mechanisms, but additionally the therapeutic efficacy of the treatment.

Adrenergic beta-Antagonists↗
PubMed1997

Monitoring of plasma total antioxidant status in different diseases.

The pathological increase of oxygen free radical generation has already been recognised in more than one hundred diseases. To gain information about the consequences of oxidative stress the investigation of plasma antioxidants seems to be plausible. In our study we used a new kit (RANDOX, England) for measurement of total antioxidant status (TAS) to determine whether it has diagnostic value in comparison with our earlier results of measuring other parameters of oxidative stress in the following diseases: i./In the group of patients with ischemic heart disease (n = 19) the TAS elevated from 1.08 +/- 0.13 to 1.16 +/- 0.11 mM after 2 weeks of cardioprotective drug administration showing the beneficial effect of drug treatment. ii./In the group of patients with essential hypertension (n = 47) its values were below the normal range (1.11 +/- 0.15 mM) at the time of the first investigation and increased gradually following antihypertensive treatment. iii./The changes of TAS values of patients who underwent open (n = 21) or laparoscopic (n = 21) cholecystectomy indicated the less surgical trauma following laparoscopic procedures. Our results suggest that determination of TAS is a valuable and reproducible method to detect the actual antioxidant status in patients.

Antihypertensive Agents↗
PubMed1995

[Cariologic and periodontal screening of children aged 7, 12 and 14 years in the city of Debrecen. II. Periodontal status and need for treatment].

The aim of present survey was to gain epidemiological data on periodontal condition of 7, 12 and 14 yrs old (40 children in 7, 92 children in 12 and 84 children in 14 yrs old groups) schoolchildren as assessed by the CPITN. The peridontal health of children proved to be very poor. Only 33.3% of 7 yrs old, 20.9% of 12 yrs and 13.1% of 14 yrs old children showed healthy gingiva. Bleeding on probing was observed in 66.7% of 7 yrs old group, in 19.8% of 12 and in 16.7% of 14 yrs old groups. The calculus prevalence was 0.0% of 7 yrs old children, 56.0% in 12 and 44.7% in 14 yrs old groups. Oral hygiene instruction was needed by 66.7% of 7, 79.1% of 12 and 86.9% of 14 yrs old children. Scaling was necessary in 11.1% of 7, 59.3% of 12 and 70.2% of 14 yrs old groups. Complex treatment was needed in none of the groups examined.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1994

Solid tumors in children.

A thorough understanding of the incidence, clinical presentation, treatment, prognosis, and psychosocial issues surrounding children with solid tumors enables the nurse to actively participate on the health care team. Although significant advances over the past two-and-a-half decades to improve the outcomes of children with cancer have occurred, there remains room for continued improvement, especially among children with advanced-stage nephroblastoma, neuroblastoma, HCC, and teratoma.

Child↗
PubMed1994

[Cariologic and periodontal screening of children aged 7, 12 and 14 years of age in Debrecen. I. Prevalence of caries and need for treatment].

A WHO survey was carried out earlier on caries prevalence in the 12-year olds. No data are available in the 7- and 14 year old children. The aim of this study was to investigate caries prevalence (DMFT, dmft numbers), percentage of caries free children and treatment needs in these three age-groups. The clinical examination was based on WHO's criteria. DMF numbers were 0,12, 2,11 and 2,51 in 7-, 12- and 14-year old, while dmf numbers were 0,79, 0,51 and 0,05 respectively. Percentage of caries-free children was 25% (aged 7), 3,3% (aged 12) and 3,6% (aged 14) in the primary teeth, 87,5% (aged 7), 3,3% (aged 12) and 0 (aged 14) in the permanent teeth. There is no treatment need in 27,5, 22,8 and 17,9% of studied groups. Extraction need was 0, 4,3 and 3,6% in 7-, 12- and 14-year-old. Restorations need was the following: one surface: 45, 65,2 and 71,4%, two surfaces 57,5%, 37, 52,4%, three surfaces: 35, 8,7, 16,7%, more than three surfaces or crown: 2,5, 1,1 and 2,4% at the age of 7, 12, 14 years. The number of DMF and dmf teeth was lower at the 12-year-old children than the previous Hungarian data.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1993

1993 up & comers.

The achievements of the healthcare industry in the 21st century will depend on the quality of its leadership. In recognition of the contributions of the new generation of healthcare executives, MODERN HEALTHCARE salutes its 1993 Up & Comers. They are a group of healthcare professionals, all 40 or younger, who have refused to be restricted by the ways of the past. Instead, they have contributed to efforts to improve the quality of medical care, expand access to the system and reconfigure the delivery system. The group, whose accomplishments are outlined in the following pages, were selected from a field of nearly 50 candidates nominated by MODERN HEALTHCARE's editorial staff and magazine readers.

Adult↗