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Biomedical subjects

J Neu

Publications and source records attributed to J Neu.

At least 55 records · Page 3Linked to original sources
PubMed1985

Increased risk of gastrointestinal perforations in neonates mechanically ventilated with either face mask or nasal prongs.

Twenty cases of gastrointestinal perforations not associated with necrotizing enterocolitis or a bowel obstruction (GPNN) were reviewed. Fifteen infants suffered perforations during cycle ventilation. Perforations were localized in the stomach, duodenum, ileum, and jejunum. To determine if the type of mechanical ventilation used (ie, face mask, nasal prongs, or endotracheal tube) was associated with GPNN, a matched case-control analysis was performed. Case and control infants were matched by means of Apgar scores, gestational age, and length of time on ventilatory support. The Mantel-Haenszel estimate for estimating odds-ratios was used to determine that infants ventilated with nasal prongs or face mask were more likely to develop a gastrointestinal perforation than control infants ventilated with endotracheal tubes (odds-ratio greater than or equal to 29.6). This risk was associated with both upper gastrointestinal perforations (odds-ratio greater than or equal to 21.0) and lower gastrointestinal perforations (odds-ratio greater than or equal to 15.3). Routine use of mechanical ventilation with either nasal prongs or face mask appears to be associated with an unacceptable risk of gastrointestinal perforations in sick neonates.

Duodenal Diseases↗
PubMed1984

Long-term high-frequency jet ventilation in neonates.

High-frequency jet ventilation (HFJV) markedly improved the ventilatory status of 2 neonates with severe respiratory failure refractory to conventional mechanical ventilatory support. However, after approximately 1 wk of HFJV, both patients expired from causes not directly related to ventilatory compromise. Autopsy showed no gross alterations in tracheal or bronchial mucosa but did reveal microscopic lesions which could be attributable to HFJV.

Bronchi↗
PubMed1984

Pediatric endotracheal tube designed for high-frequency ventilation.

Using pediatric endotracheal tubes (ETs) designed for high-frequency jet ventilation (HFJV), we demonstrated that when the fraction of the ventilatory cycle spent in inflation (Ti) was 0.3 or greater, entrainment of air flow was unaffected by frequencies up to at least 900 cycle/min. Flow through the jet opening was related to drive pressure (PD) at the ventilator, and to the diameter of the external connector to the jet tube in the ET. Maximal entrainment was completed within a 2.5-cm section downstream from the jet opening in these small ETs. When the jet opening was closer than 2.5 cm to the tip, output from the ET was compromised. Pressure measured in the lumen of the ET was most negative at the axial location of the jet opening. Its amplitude at that point reflected a balance between jet-flow velocity (a reflection of PD) and back-pressure (or airway pressure). ET lumen diameter had little effect on entrainment or on total flow through the ET. PD, Ti, and frequency can be regulated to optimize the output for an ET.

Humans↗
PubMed1984

Comparison of detergent versus protease solubilized rat intestinal lactase.

Comparisons between papain- and Triton X-100-solubilized lactase (EC 3.2.1.23) were made in terms of elution from various chromatographic columns and by molecular weight determinations. Using these techniques, no major differences could be detected. Since papain-solubilized enzyme would be cleaved at the hydrophilic-hydrophobic interface and detergent would release the amphipathic enzyme, the lack of detectable differences between purified lactase solubilized by the two agents suggests the existence of a relatively small anchoring moiety in rats when compared to that suggested in previous studies for adult humans.

Animals↗
PubMed1984

Efficacy of a programmed calculator for constant-infusion medication calculations.

A program for calculation of constant-infusion vasoactive medications on a hand-held programmable calculator was evaluated in terms of accuracy and time saved v conventional means of calculation. All groups, with the exception of the pharmacists, showed a statistically significant improvement in accuracy and time saved when using the programmable calculator. These results indicate that use of the programmable calculator may significantly save time and reduce errors on dose calculation of potentially dangerous drugs in pediatric and neonatal intensive care units.

Cardiovascular Agents↗
PubMed1983

Prostaglandin-mediated effects on growth and markers of biochemical development in the rat.

Several markers of growth and biochemical development in the rat were studied after administration of prostacyclin (PGI2) and 16, 16-dimethyl prostaglandin E2 (16, 16DM PGE2). Intermittent administration of PGI2 for 3 days to 10- and 19-day-old animals, with subsequent sacrifice at 14 and 23 days, resulted in significant dose related decreases in growth at 23 days. Total sucrase and maltase (glucoamylase) activities were elevated compared to controls at 14 days. Total activities of these enzymes were decreased in postweaned 23-day-old animals, but specific activities per mg intestinal protein were not significantly different. 16, 16DM PGE2 administered continuously between day 10-16 of life caused alterations in growth as well as increases in sucrase and maltase (glucoamylase) activities. Exogenously administered prostaglandins, therefore, are associated with altered growth and markers of biochemical development in the rat.

16,16-Dimethylprostaglandin E2↗
PubMed1982

Calculator assisted determination of dilutions for continuous infusion ICU medications.

A program has been developed for simplification of initial dilution calculations for several rapidly metabolized, vasoactive drugs that must be administered by continuous infusion. Included in the program is the capability for serial recalculation of drug dosage or iv flow rate is well as a checking routine to reduce errors. This program was developed primarily for the pediatric age group, where dilution of drugs into a small volume of diluent, accurate dosage calculations, and low iv flow rates are frequently necessary.

Computers↗
PubMed1981

Effects of asphyxia and oral gentamicin on intestinal lactase in the suckling rat.

The effect of oral gentamicin on lactase, the major disaccharidase of the neonatal intestine, was studied using the suckling Wistar rat as a model. The jejunal lactase-specific activity of asphyxiated animals given oral gentamicin at a dose of 20 mg/kg/day for two days was significantly decreased compared to that of nonasphyxiated animals given oral saline (P less than 0.01). Although the intestinal lactase-specific activity of nonasphyxiated animals given oral gentamicin at a dose of 20 mg/kg/day for two days was not significantly different from that of animals given oral saline, a high dose of oral gentamicin (160 mg/kg/day) was associated with decreased lactase-specific activity in both the jejunum and ileum. Intramuscular administration of gentamicin was not associated with decreased intestinal lactase-specific activity. More information is needed regarding the mechanism of the biochemical injury associated with the oral use of aminoglycosides and its clinical significance, if any, in the human infant. Until this is known, the potential for such injury should be of special concern where prophylaxis against necrotizing enterocolitis is being considered, particularly in view of the increased tendency for treated infants to become colonized with gram negative organisms resistant to the antibiotic being used.

Animals↗
PubMed1981

A double blind study of the effects of oral indomethacin in preterm infants with patent ductus arteriosus who failed medical management.

Over a two year period, 52 infants were found to have clinical signs of patent ductus arteriosus (PDA). Twenty-seven responded to fluid restriction and furosemide; the remaining 25 infants entered the Indomethacin (IN) study protocol. Their mean (+/- SE) gestational age was 29.3 (+/- 0.6) weeks and birth weight was 1,142 (+/- 80) gm. Either a placebo or IN (0.25 mg/kg) orally was given for two doses, 24 hours apart; if no response occurred, the patient was crossed over to the opposite medication. Using Chi-square analysis, a significant response rate to IN was found. There were no significant differences in birth weights, gestational ages, or fluid intake between responders and nonresponders. However, both responders and nonresponders required a prolonged ventilator course, suggesting factors other than PDA causing prolonged ventilatory requirements in these babies.

Double-Blind Method↗