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J Newham

Publications and source records attributed to J Newham.

6 recordsLinked to original sources
PubMed2004

Standards for the assay of Creutzfeldt-Jakob disease specimens.

Assays for the agent of Creutzfeldt-Jakob disease (CJD) include measurement of infectivity in different animal systems, such as wild-type or transgenic mice, and detection of PrP(Sc) by different methods and formats. The various assays could be best calibrated against each other by use of uniform readily available materials, and samples of four human brains, two from sporadic CJD patients, one from a variant CJD patient and one from a non-CJD patient, have been prepared as 10% homogenates dispensed in 2000 vials each for this purpose. Results of in vitro methods, particularly immunoblot assays, were compared in the first collaborative study described here. While dilution end-points varied, the minimum detectable volume was surprisingly uniform for most assays and differences in technical procedure, other than the sample volume tested, had no detectable systematic effect. The two specimens from sporadic CJD cases contained both type 1 and type 2 prion proteins in approximately equal proportions. The materials have been given the status of reference reagents by the World Health Organization and are available for further study and assessment of other in vitro or in vivo assay procedures.

Brain Chemistry↗
PubMed1996

Continuing transmission of sexually transmitted diseases among patients infected with HIV-1 attending genitourinary medicine clinics in England and Wales.

OBJECTIVE: To determine whether those who are aware of being infected with HIV continue to adopt behaviours that place others at risk of HIV infection. DESIGN: Ongoing survey of current diagnosis of sexually transmitted disease and awareness of HIV infection among patients attending genitourinary medicine clinics. SETTING: Six genitourinary medicine clinics in England and Wales (two in London and four outside) participating in unlinked anonymous HIV serosurveillance during 1990-3. SUBJECTS: All attenders having blood drawn for syphilis serology for the first time during the calendar quarter of attendance. MAIN OUTCOME MEASURES: The proportion of syphilis serology specimens with antibody to HIV-1 detected by unlinked anonymous testing of the residue. The proportion of attenders infected with HIV-1 who remained clinically undetected, and the proportion who had another recently acquired sexually transmitted disease. RESULTS: Of 85441 specimens tested, 2328 (2.7%) were positive for antibodies to HIV-1. About 30% of these specimens were from attenders whose HIV-1 infection remained clinically undetected. HIV-1 infection was found to coexist with another recently acquired sexually transmitted disease in 651 attenders, of whom 522 were homosexual or bisexual men. Of these, 245 (47%) already knew themselves to be infected with HIV-1. This proportion increased between 1990 and 1993. CONCLUSIONS: A considerable proportion of patients infected with HIV-1 are not identified by voluntary confidential HIV testing in genitourinary medicine clinics. Substantial numbers of homosexual or bisexual men attending genitourinary medicine clinics continue to practise unsafe sex despite being aware of their infection with HIV-1.

Acquired Immunodeficiency Syndrome↗
PubMed1994

Survey of human immunodeficiency virus infection among pregnant women in England and Wales: 1990-93.

We report on the first four years (1990-93) of a survey within the national HIV prevalence monitoring programme. The survey's objective is to monitor the prevalence of infection with the human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) in pregnant women in London and elsewhere in England. The survey--based in forty centres that offer antenatal care in London, Greater Manchester, West Yorkshire, and adjacent non-metropolitan areas--uses repeated cross sectional serosurveillance for anti-HIV-1 and 2 and the unlinked anonymous test method on blood left over from specimens collected for antenatal screening for immunity to rubella. The seroprevalence of HIV-1 ranged from 0.007% (1 in 14,530) in non-metropolitan areas, to 0.011% (1 in 8790) in metropolitan areas outside London, and 0.23% (1 in 440) in London. Evidence of HIV-2 infection was found in only four specimens, in London (1 in 50,300). The seroprevalence of HIV-1 in London varied more than tenfold between centres, from 0.03% (1 in 3190) to 0.51% (1 in 200). The highest prevalence of infection was in London in women aged between 20 and 30 (0.30%; 1 in 335). The seroprevalence in London centres rose from 0.18% in 1990 (1 in 560) to 0.26% in 1993 (1 in 390) and the rise was significant in all age groups. If voluntary confidential HIV testing (with counselling) among pregnant women in England were to be promoted, its cost effectiveness would be greater if focused on particular centres that provide antenatal care in London.

Adult↗
PubMed1978

Lead, copper, and cadmium in teeth of normal and mentally retarded children.

Whole teeth obtained from handicapped children and from controls have been analysed for lead by anodic stripping voltammetry. No significant differences were found between the two groups. Teeth originating from the same patient showed systematic variations in lead content that are dependant on anatomical tooth type. The nature of this association is discussed. Analyses of sectioned teeth revealed, for cadmium and copper, unexpectedly large variations. High concentrations of cadmium found in the tips of deciduous incisor teeth indicate a probable contribution from maternal blood.

Cadmium↗
PubMedDate not supplied

Healing relationships.

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Hospital-Physician Relations↗