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J Nguyen

Publications and source records attributed to J Nguyen.

72 records · Page 4Linked to original sources
PubMed1988

[Prevention of peritonitis during continuous ambulatory peritoneal dialysis. Value of disconnectable systems].

Peritonitis remains the major obstacle to the acceptance of continuous ambulatory peritoneal dialysis as a long-term dialysis technique. In January, 1985, Y connectors were introduced into our continuous ambulatory peritoneal dialysis programme, and a two-year prospective randomized trial for all new patients was initiated in which the Y connection system was compared with the conventional technique in the prevention of peritonitis (group I). At the same time, 16 patients (group II), with a high incidence of peritonitis episodes were switched from the conventional technique to the Y connection system, while 55 patients (group III), remained on the conventional technique. Group IA patients (27 new patients using the Y connection system), developed peritonitis every 23 patient-months. Group IB patients (28 new patients using the conventional technique), developed peritonitis every 12.2 patient-months. The difference between these two sub-groups was statistically significant (P less than 0.02). Before their transfer to the Y connection system, group II patients developed peritonitis every 10 patient-months and thereafter one every 24 patient-months (P less than 0.001). Group III patients were divided into 12 continuous cyclic peritoneal dialysis patients with peritonitis every 24 patients-months, and 43 continuous ambulatory peritoneal dialysis patients with peritonitis every 11.7 patient-months. The Y connector therefore proved to be a simple and safe procedure effective in reducing the peritonitis rate in patients on continuous ambulatory peritoneal dialysis.

Adult↗
PubMed1988

[Marshall syndrome. 2 new cases].

Two new familial cases of Marshall syndrome are reported. The main features of this rare syndrome are outlined. Its possible relationship with Stickler syndrome is discussed.

Abnormalities, Multiple↗
PubMed1986

[Evolution of the resistance of Streptococcus pneumoniae to erythromycin at the Pitié-Salpêtrière Hospital (1980-1984)].

From January 1980 to December 1984, 563 swabs for Streptococcus pneumoniae were isolated at the Pitié-Salpêtrière hospital in Paris, and of these 63 were resistant to erythromycin. The percentage of swabs resistant to erythromycin rose from 2.7% in 1980 to 19.6% in 1984 and was similar for cultures of blood, serous fluid, bronchial secretions, otolaryngological specimens and smears from the conjunction. For swabs resistant to erythromycin these belonged almost exclusively (57 out of 60 or 90%) to the serotypes 6, 14, 19 and 23; one may ask whether the rise in resistance of S. pneumoniae to erythromycin was due to a rise in the frequency of isolation of these serotypes? Between 1980 and 1984 such rise took place since the frequency of isolation of S. pneumoniae belonging to the serotypes 6, 14, 19 or 23 rose from 38% in 1980 to 50% in 1984, but the rise was not significant (p = 0.1). In fact S. pneumoniae serotypes 6, 14, 19 or 23 have become resistant is significant (p less than 0.05). Two factors should be taken into consideration when interpreting these facts. The first is the increased consumption of macrolide antibiotics which doubled overall between 1979 and 1983, both at the Pitié-Salpêtrière hospital and in the Public Assistance hospitals of Paris as well as provincial hospitals throughout France. The second factor is the strictly hospital nature of this study which may have led to an overestimation of the frequency of resistance of S. pneumoniae to erythromycin.

Cross Infection↗
PubMed1984

Survey of the phenotypes of susceptibility to beta-lactams in Enterobacteriaceae at the Pitie-Salpetriere Hospital.

The phenotypes of susceptibility to ampicillin, carbenicillin, cephalothin, cefamandole, cefoxitin and cefotaxime were determined by the disc-diffusion method in 10,994 Enterobacteriaceae consecutively isolated from in-patients during 18 months. The susceptible phenotypes were much more frequent among Escherichia coli, Proteus mirabilis and Klebsiella (67.4 to 84.8%) than among Serratia, Enterobacter and Citrobacter (8.8 to 35.5%). In all species the most common resistance phenotypes were to ampicillin and carbenicillin: E. coli (28%), Pr. mirabilis (15.2%), Klebsiella (23.8%), indole-positive Proteus (33.3%), Serratia (74.4%), Enterobacter (61.4%) and Citrobacter (74.8%). Among E. coli 4.6% of the strains were resistant to ampicillin and cephalothin but susceptible to carbenicillin. Among E. coli, Pr. mirabilis and Klebsiella the strains susceptible only to cefotaxime represented 0.3 to 5% and no cefotaxime-resistant strain was isolated; whereas among Serratia, Enterobacter and Citrobacter the former represented 28.3 to 58.3% and the latter 7.5 to 18.5%. Some important differences in the distribution of the phenotypes according to the type of ward were observed.

Anti-Bacterial Agents↗
PubMed1984

[Resistance of Enterobacteria to cefotaxime and lamoxactam at the Pitié-Salpêtrière Hospital in 1982].

Systematic collection of data on every Enterobacteriaceae clinical isolate cultured in the Central Bacteriology Laboratory allowed comparison of the percentage of cefotaxim (CTX) and moxalactam ( MOX ) intermediate or resistant (IR) strains among the 8 199 Enterobacteriaceae isolated in 1982 and the 5 032 Enterobacteriaceae isolated in 1980. In 1982, IR rates were 2% to CTX and 0.6% to MOX . Among the 166 strains IR to CTX, 28% were also IR to MOX . Two strains only were IR to MOX but not to CTX. No E. coli, P. mirabilis or Klebsiella strains IR to CTX or MOX were isolated. On the opposite, percentages of strains IR to CTX or MOX were respectively 2.5 and 0 for indole positive Proteus, 6 and 3.6 for Enterobacter, 7.4 and 0.5 for Serratia and 17.2 and 2.5 for Citrobacter. Strains IR to CTX or MOX represented 3.3%, 2.5% and 1% of Enterobacteriaceae isolated from pus, urine and blood cultures, and 4.7%, 2.2% and 1.3% of those isolated in urology, surgery and medicine. Between 1980 and 1982, there was a simultaneous increase in the consumption of CTX and MOX (10 fold) and in the percentage of Enterobacteriaceae IR to CTX (2 fold); this last involved Serratia (9 fold) more than Citrobacter (3 fold) and spared Enterobacter.

Cefotaxime↗
PubMed1984

[Sensitivity to fosfomycin of bacteria isolated at the Pitié-Salpétrière Hospital in 1982 and 1983].

Susceptibility of 16 056 strains isolated in 1982 and 1983 to fosfomycin (FOS) was tested with Mueller-Hinton medium and discs 50 micrograms FOS + 25 micrograms glucose-6-phosphate (G6P) (cutoff diameter 14 mm). For 3 411 strains, inhibition zone diameters were recorded. Almost all E. coli, Citrobacter, Salmonella and S. aureus were susceptible to FOS as well as 70% of Serratia, E. cloacae, P. mirabilis and 50% of Klebsiella and Enterobacter sp. Only 27% of P. aeruginosa, 20% of indole positive Proteus and 8% of Acinetobacter were sensitive to FOS. E. coli, Citrobacter and S. aureus seem to exhibit the highest susceptibilities to FOS. Sensitivity rates of E. cloacae, Serratia, P. aeruginosa, and especially Klebsiella seemed slightly underestimated by the disk diffusion method, but differentiation between susceptible and resistant strains was facilitated by rating as susceptible those strains with inhibition zone diameters between 12 and 14 mm. This method also seemed to underrate the sensitivity of susceptible Enterobacteriaceae, probably because of inadequate G6P concentrations at this point of the disk.

Acinetobacter↗
PubMed1983

[Relation between bacterial sensitivity to antibiotics and the consumption of antibiotics. 2 : Study carried out on Staphylococcus aureus at the Pitié-Salpêtrière Hospital from 1975 to 1980].

From 1975 to 1980, computerized data on the sensitivity of 11 342 strains of S. aureus to the main antibiotics were evaluated in relation to drug consumption and hospital activity. Sensitivity to tetracyclines and chloramphenicol increased by 7.3% and 11.4% respectively, but sensitivity to gentamicin decreased by 12%. There was no change in sensitivity to other antibiotics. In vitro response to methicillin was found to have a considerable influence on changes in sensitivity. Sensitivity to tetracyclines increased among methicillin-sensitive strains, while methicillin-resistant strains became more sensitive to chloramphenicol and less sensitive to gentamicin. During the same period, the consumption of chloramphenicol, tetracyclines and aminoglycosides decreased by 84%, 54% and 15% respectively. Hospital activity remained unchanged. The fact that methicillin-resistant strains failed to become more sensitive to the main antibiotics, with the exception of chloramphenicol, might be due to antibiotic pressure in intensive care units where these strains are usually isolated.

Anti-Bacterial Agents↗
PubMed1982

[Results of antibiotic sensitivity and "Streptococcus pneumoniae" serotype tests in the Pitié-Salpêtrière hospital, France, 1979-1980 (author's transl)].

Among 244 strains of S. pneumoniae, 24% are resistant to tetracycline, 10% to sulfamethoxazole-trimethoprim (SMZ-TMP) and 1.6% to erythromycin. A low grade resistance to penicillin G is observed in two strains (MIC 0,12 and 0,3 mg/l). Clinical correlations indicate that only 48% of the S. pneumoniae isolated are undoubtedlzy responsible for bacterial infection. The serotypes isolated from blood cultures and from other specimens are not statistically different. Only 67% of the strains belonged to serotypes included in the 14-valent vaccine.

Anti-Bacterial Agents↗
PubMed1982

[Pharmacokinetic basis for antibiotic therapy in broncho-pulmonary bacterial infections (author's transl)].

Pharmacokinetics is the study of the absorption, distribution and elimination of a drug in the body. Applied to antibiotic therapy it gives information on the concentrations of antibiotic that reach the bacteria at a given time at their site of multiplication for a given dose and route of administration. The future of an antibiotic within a body is largely related to passive transfer. This can be compared to the dialysis of molecules across a semi-permeable membrane, the passage from one side to the other being a function of the concentration of molecules in the "upstream" side, the size of the molecules and their own particular transfer speed. The final result is affected by 1) the partition coefficient itself related to the degree of aqueous and lipid solubility of the molecules, 2) the degree of ionisation of the molecules, non-ionised molecules being the only ones to be transferred, 3) protein binding as only the unbound fraction is biologically active and capable of diffusing across the membranes, 4) by the interplay of the combined phenomena of resorption, distribution and elimination. Penicillins and macrolides are the antibiotics of choice in broncho-pulmonary infections. The tetracyclines and the sulfamethoxazole-trimethoprim combination come second. The combination of a beta-lactam, an aminoglycoside and/or metronidazole are reserved for the most severe infections. The lung is a particularly well vascularised organ, the pulmonary concentrations of the antibiotic may equal the serum levels. But the concentration in the bronchial secretions only reaches 55% of the serum levels for clindamycin, 25 to 30% for aminoglycosides, minocycline and bacampicillin, 20% for cephalosporins and doxycycline and less than 10% for ampicillin and erythromycin. Only oleandomycine, spiramycin and trimethoprim are present in concentrations equal to those in the serum.

Anti-Bacterial Agents↗
PubMed1981

[Relationship between bacterial sensitivity to antimicrobial agents and their consumption (author's transl)].

Computerized data on the sensitivity of 20,006 strains of Gram-negative bacilli to ampicillin, cephalothin, gentamicin, tobramycin, nalidixic acid and co-trimoxazole were collected and evaluated in relation to drug consumption and hospital activity. Despite species-related differences, global sensitivity increased from 1975 to 1978 by 44.8% for cephalotin, 14.4% for ampicillin, 7.1% for gentamicin and 4.8% for tobramycin. There was no change in sensitivity to nalidixic acid and co-trimoxazole. During the same period the consumption of cephalosporins and aminoglycosides decreased by 28% and 21% respectively. Following a decrease between 1975 and 1977, the consumption of ampicillin and of nalidixic acid (and related compounds) went up again to reach in 1978 the same level as in 1975. Co-trimoxazole consumption remained unchanged. Since hospital activity remained the same throughout the period under study, it seems justified to correlate the increase in bacterial sensitivity observed to the decrease in consumption of antimicrobial agents.

Ampicillin↗
PubMed1980

Catabolism of adenine derivatives in leaves: study of the role of light on the in vivo activity of xanthine dehydrogenase.

The in vivo activity of xanthine dehydrogenase (E.C. 1.2.1.37) was followed in leaf discs excised from illuminated or darkened plants. In cotyledons of Pharbitis nil, 24 hours of darkness enhanced the in vivo activity of xanthine dehydrogenase which increased between 2 to 5-fold depending on the concentration of hypoxanthine of the solution where cotyledon discs were incubated. The same effect occurred in leaves of several other species, in plants with both high and low ureide content. However, the effect of light was not observed in leaves of Zea mays, Pennisetum americanum and Atriplex spongiosa, whereas, it appeared very clearly in other C(4) plants such as Sorghum sudanense and Portulaca oleracea. This enzymic activity in chlorophyll-deficient tobacco leaves was the same both for illuminated and darkened plants. In addition, the in vivo activity of xanthine dehydrogenase in roots of Pharbitis nil was not dependent upon the light conditions applied to leaves. In cotyledons of Pharbitis nil, the level of the in vivo activity of xanthine dehydrogenase was influenced by the energy of light and the duration of illumination. The supply of carbohydrates to darkened cotyledons had the same effect as light on the in vivo activity of xanthine dehydrogenase. It is proposed that the effect of light on the in vivo activity of xanthine dehydrogenase in leaves is mainly due to the production of photosynthates which changes the osmotic state of leaf tissue and thus modifies the level of the in vivo activity of xanthine dehydrogenase.

Journal Article↗
PubMed1979

[A comparative study of three procedures used for studying bronchopulmonary bacterial flora (author's transl)].

Three methods of taking samples of bronchopulmonary secretions; transtracheal aspiration (TT), sputum collection, and fibro-aspiration, were compared in 43 patients with severe pneumopathies. There was no significant difference in the number of times a pure or dominant germ was isolated by using the three procedures in these 43 cases. In contrast, however, there was a significantly lower number of polymorphous flora and more sterile samples observed when using TT than with the other two methods. When antibiotics are given 1 to 7 days before taking the samples, there is a significant reduction in the number of cultures having a germ in the pure state.

Adult↗
PubMed1976

[Practical use of lithium borate in thermoluminescent dosimetry (author's transl)].

The authors recall the functional principles of thermoluminescent dosimeters: heating, apparatus for measuring the emitted light, circulation of nitrogen, reference source. They take this opportunity to stress the essential role played by the circulation of nitrogen over the dosimeters which equilibrates the temperature of the photo multiplier, reduces the emission of unwanted light, prevents the combustion of dust or other possible impurities and finally improves the reproductibility of the measurements even for high dosod for finding the optimum working conditions for the heating apparatus of the planchette in the most simple T.L.D. readers and in those where the heating apparatus of the planchette has a pre-heating phase. They then study the dosimetric properties of lithium borate incorporated in thin teflon discs (type DLB. 0.13 and 0.4). This shows itself to be very interesting for certain uses because it is a solid dosimeter which does not require annealing between two measurements. The reproductibility of the measurements obtained with this material, the stability of its response relative to the delay between radiation and reading (fading), its response relative to the absorbed dose plus the nature and the energy of the rays, are presented with the usual reservations made for this type of dosimetry. The authors conclude by citing a few applications where they have been able to achieve a satisfactory result with the aid of lithium borate.

Borates↗
PubMedDate not supplied

Typhoid and paratyphoid fever: a 10-year retrospective study of 41 cases in a Parisian hospital.

BACKGROUND: Enteric fever remains a major cause of fever in travelers. We evaluated new trends in enteric fever. METHODS: We reviewed the epidemiological, clinical, biological, bacteriological data, and outcome of all cases of typhoid and paratyphoid fever seen in our department over the last decade. The inclusion criteria were the presence of signs compatible with enteric fever and isolation of Salmonella typhi or Salmonella paratyphi A, B, or C from blood or stool cultures or any other site. RESULTS: Among the 41 patients, 38 (93%) had travel-associated enteric fever. The main geographic source of contamination was the Indian subcontinent. One patient had been vaccinated with parenteral Vi vaccine 1 year previously. Fever and headaches were the only signs which were present in more than 80% of patients. The Widal test at inclusion was positive in 27%, and a second serological test was found to be positive in 50% of evaluated cases. Blood cultures and stool cultures were positive in 34 cases and 10 cases, respectively. Salmonellae spp were isolated in both hemocultures and stool cultures in 4 cases and in urine in 1 case. Two strains of S. typhi were resistant to ampicillin, chloramphenicol, and trimethoprim-sulfamethoxazole. One strain of S. typhi and one of S. paratyphi B were nalidixic acid resistant. All evaluable patients were cured with the exception of 2 patients (1 failure, 1 relapse). We observed 3 toxic reactions. No patients died. CONCLUSION: The diagnosis and outcome of enteric fever are hampered by the lack of specificity of clinical and biological signs, the increasing rates of antimicrobial resistance, and the occurrence of toxic reactions during treatment.

Adolescent↗
PubMedDate not supplied

Expression of neu antigen in normal lactating and prepartum mammary epithelial cells.

OBJECTIVE: To investigate the expression of the neu protein antigen in non-neoplastic, mammary epithelial cells of prepartum and actively lactating women. METHODS: Formalin-fixed, paraffin-embedded sections from breast biopsies obtained from four prepartum and seven postpartum, lactating women were stained for neu antigen with one commercially available monoclonal antibody (Ab 3), one commercially available polyclonal antibody (Ab-1), and another independently prepared polyclonal antibody (21N). Antigen competition experiments were carried out alongside as negative controls, and two strongly neu-positive breast carcinomas were included as positive controls. RESULTS: Membranes and cytoplasmic elements of two of the four prepartum and four of the seven lactating specimens stained as strongly or nearly as strongly for neu antigen as did those of the breast carcinomas. CONCLUSION: Our results demonstrate the expression of neu antigen by mammary epithelial cells just before and during lactation and suggest a possible role for this receptor in the lactational differentiation of the normal female breast.

Antibodies, Monoclonal↗