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Biomedical subjects

J Noble

Publications and source records attributed to J Noble.

15 recordsLinked to original sources
PubMed1979

A tissue-culture model of cartilage breakdown in rheumatoid arthritis. Quantitative aspects of proteoglycan release.

1. The destruction of articular cartilage in human rheumatoid and other arthritides is the result of diverse mechanical, inflammatory and local cellular factors. A tissue-culture model for studying cartilage-synovial interactions that may be involved in the final common pathway of joint destruction is described. 2. Matrix breakdown was studied in vitro by using bovine nasal-cartilage discs cultivated in contact with synovium. Synovia were obtained from human and animal sources. Human tissue came from patients with ;classical' rheumatoid arthritis, and animal tissue from rabbits with antigen-induced arthritis. 3. Cartilage discs increased their proteoglycan content 2-3-fold during 8 days in culture. Proteoglycan was also released into culture medium, approx. 70% arising from cartilage breakdown. 4. Synovial explants from human rheumatoid and rabbit antigen-induced arthritis produced equivalent stimulation of proteoglycan release. After an initial lag phase, the breakdown rate rose abruptly to a maximum, resulting in a 2-fold increase of proteoglycan accumulation in culture medium after 8-10 days. 5. High-molecular-weight products shed into culture media were characterized chromatographically and by differential enzymic digestion. Proteoglycan-chondroitin sulphate accounted for 90% of the released polyanion, and its partial degradation in the presence of synovial explants was consistent with limited proteolytic cleavage. 6. Rheumatoid synovium applied to dead cartilage increased the basal rate of proteoglycan release. Living cartilage was capable of more extensive autolysis, even in the absence of synovium. However, optimal proteoglycan release required the interaction of living synovium with live cartilage. These findings support the view that a significant component of cartilage breakdown may be chondrocyte-mediated.

Animals↗
PubMed1979

[Cholestyramine and digoxin intoxication: therapeutic efficacy?].

Plasma levels of digoxin were measured in a patient after massive intoxication. Pharmacokinetic analysis of the data as compared with other cases of digoxin intoxication reveals that in these situations oral administration of cholestyramine may be of benefit to the patient.

Cholestyramine Resin↗
PubMed1979

Early posterior subtalar fusion in the treatment of fractures of the os calcis.

Displaced fractures of the os calcis involving the subtalar joint frequently cause chronic disability due to subsequent osteoarthritis. Early posterior subtalar fusion may prevent this outcome. We have reviewed forty-seven fractures in forty-three patients at an average of seven years after operation. Over 90 per cent of patients had an excellent, good or satisfactory result.

Adult↗
PubMed1979

[Permeability of venous aortocoronary bypass 5 years later].

47 consecutive patients who had undergone aorto-coronary venous bypass surgery (mean: 1.6 graft per patient) have been investigated after a mean follow-up period of 5 years and 9 months (range: 44-108 months). 52 grafts out of 73 were found to be patent (71 p. 100), the best patency rate being shown by grafts on the LAD artery (27/32 = 85 p. 100). Long-term graft patency may be associated with an improved left ventricular ejection fraction; 77 p. 100 of the total patients experienced a lasting clinical benefit from the operation.

Adult↗
PubMed1979

The painful knee.

Explore the source record for details and available documents.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1978

Cellular content of amniotic fluid as predictor of central nervous system malformations.

Prospective observations on 442 consecutive samples have confirmed that pregnancies with CNS malformations are regularly associated with an abnormal cellular content of amniotic fluid. A crude semiquantitative test of the cell content can give valuable clinical information in relation to borderline amniotic fluid alpha-fetoprotein values, and help to detect false positive AFP's.

Amniocentesis↗
PubMed1978

[Myocardial perfusion in myocardiopathies: study at rest and during induced tachycardia].

The authors have compared myocardial perfusion, i.e. the coronary blood flow per unit of myocardial mass, in 9 patients with cardiomyopathy and 5 normal subjects, both at rest and during coronary sinus pacing-induced tachycardia at a rate of 150 beats/mn. In the cardiomyopathies, myocardial perfusion was found to be decreased at rest, and to remain abnormally low during induced tachycardia despite the evidence for a significant coronary reserve. During pacing there were, in addition to induced chest pain, indirect signs of sub-endocardial ischaemia which could explain the angina of effort found in certain cardiomyopathies, especially those of the obstructive hypertrophic type.

Cardiac Pacing, Artificial↗
PubMed1978

Experimental limb lengthening by epiphyseal distraction.

Kirshner wires were placed either side of the right distal femoral epiphysis and a constant tension device applied a distracting force across the plate in rabbits. Growth increase was measured between the wires and found to be about 150% greater than the concurrent normal growth between 2 control (undistracted) wires on the left; such growth increase can occur in the absence of fracturing. The forces required to do this were between 1/5 and 1/10 of those shown to cause fracturing in vitro. The growth increase was shown to be associated with hyperplasia and hypertrophy of the plate, as well as an increased rate of cell division and sulfated polysaccharide synthesis. This was in turn shown to be associated with an increase in new bone formation.

Animals↗
PubMed1977

Atrial tachycardia without P waves masquerading as an A-V junctional tachycardia.

Two patients who presented by scalar ECG with an A-V junctional tachycardia were demonstrated during an electrophysiologic evaluation to have an atrial tachycardia without P waves in the surface ECG. Case 1 had an atrial tachycardia that conducted through the A-V node with a Wenckebach block. Atrial activity was recorded only from the proximal portion of the coronary sinus and from right atrial areas near the tricuspid valve. Case 2 had an atrial tachycardia that abruptly began and terminated following carotid sinus massage. Atrial activity was recorded only in the coronary sinusos, and pacing at that site resulted in atrial capture, with Wenckebach conduction to the ventricles. These observations demonstrate that an atrial tachycardia without P waves can simulate A-V junctional tachycardia with or without Weckebach block. Such findings may have a bearing on some important electrophysiologic concepts such as the origin of A-V junctional rhythms and the need for atrial participation in A-V nodal re-entry.

Atrioventricular Node↗
PubMed1977

Lesions of the menisci. Autopsy incidence in adults less than fifty-five years old.

The menisci were removed from the knees of seventy autopsy subjects less than fifty-five years old and 18.6% exhibited at least one horizontal cleavage lesion. Seven per cent of 200 autopsy subjects showed at least one discoid lateral meniscus, and it is suggested that neither these nor the horizontal cleavage lesions had caused symptoms during the lifetime of each subject. Microscopic signs of degeneration were seen in 76% of the grossly normal medial menisci examined. Medial menisci not only have a larger surface area than lateral menisci but are broader and thicker posteriorly. It may be that the greater thickness of the medial meniscus posteriorly renders it more vulnerable because there is less nutritional diffuse of synovial fluid.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1975

Chromosome abnormalities in Dupuytren's disease.

Palmar fascia from six men with Dupuytren's contracture has been grown in tissue-culture and examined cytogenetically; and in three of these cases skin was also studied. Four of the six cases showed mosaicism, but only in cultures of the fascia; the mosaicism was therefore unlikely to be an artefact. Since the abnormalities were inconsistent and absent from skin-cultures they are very unlikely to indicate any mechanism of inheritance. Similar chromosome abnormalities have been reported from experimentally induced tumours.

Cell Line↗