PubMed Health⌕ Search

Biomedical subjects

J Nogaya

Publications and source records attributed to J Nogaya.

At least 19 recordsLinked to original sources
PubMed2001

The relationship of brain catecholamine levels to enflurane requirements among three strains of mice with different anesthetic sensitivities.

PURPOSE: . It has been reported that brain catecholamines alter the minimum alveolar concentration (MAC) of anesthetics. The extent of the relation between the levels of brain catecholamine and anesthetic sensitivity should be evaluated by excluding several factors. METHODS: Anesthetic sensitivity was measured by using loss of the righting reflex in three strains of mice with different sensitivities. The mice were decapitated without any anesthesia, adding on ddN and C57BL/6J mice in 2% enflurane, their brains were divided into three parts, and dopamine and norepinephrine levels were analyzed by high-performance liquid chromatography (HPLC). Results. The values of enflurane requirement (%) were 1.30 +/- 0.05 in ddN, 1.10 +/- 0.02 in C57BL/6J, and 1.05 +/- 0.02 in MSM mice. The values of dopamine (microg.g(-1)) in the mesencephalon were 0.23 +/- 0.02 in ddN, 0.15 +/- 0.02 in C57BL/6J, and 0.12 +/- 0.02 in MSM (mean +/- SE). No statistical significance in the values in 2% enflurane could be obtained between ddN and C57BL/6J. The stepwise regression line showed a significant correlation: enflurane requirement (%) = -0.89 + 1.60 x (dopamine levels of mesencephalon) (r(2) = 0.571, P < 0.0001). CONCLUSION: Dopamine in the mesencephalon seems to play an important role in the production of different anesthetic sensitivities, and the anesthetic mechanism might be related to the regulation of dopamine levels that promote arousal.

Journal Article↗
PubMed2000

[Supplement of ulinastatin on renal function after cardiopulmonary bypass].

The effects of Miraclid (ulinastatin) on renal tubular function after open thorax surgery under cardiopulmonary bypass were investigated. On the 3rd day after open thorax surgery, which had lasted more than 127 min under cardiopulmonary bypass, the levels of urinary ulinastatin in the Miraclid group and control (without Miraclid) were 170 IU.mg Cr-1 and 95 IU.mg Cr-1, respectively. In the Miraclid group, 300,000 units.day-1 of Miraclid was administrated for three postoperative days. N-acetyl-beta-d-glucosaminidase in urine as a marker of tubular function rose significantly on the seventh postoperative day in the control group but not in patients with Miraclid group. These data suggested that Miraclid 300,000 units.day-1 was needed to protect renal tubular function and more than that dose was needed to prevent the deterioration of renal function after open thorax surgery after cardiopulmonary bypass lasting more than 127 min.

Acute Kidney Injury↗
PubMed1998

Repetitive post-training exposure to enflurane modifies spatial memory in mice.

BACKGROUND: Previously the authors found that a single post-training exposure to enflurane or isoflurane, but not halothane, enhanced memory storage in an active avoidance task, which is a behavior with underlying mechanisms that are poorly understood and still debated. In contrast, spatial tasks are known to depend on hippocampal functions. This study investigated the effects of repetitive post-training exposure to enflurane on spatial memory in mice. METHODS: Using an eight-arm radial maze, 80 mice were trained to eat a pellet placed on the end of each of the eight arms. Training occurred on four consecutive days with one trial per day. The number of errors in the first eight choices was recorded to determine performances for each day of training. Immediately after each training session, mice in the enflurane group received 1 h exposure to 0.5%, 1%, or 2% enflurane in air through a calibrated vaporizer. The performance ratios (the ratio of errors on each day compared with the first day of the 4 days) in the control and the enflurane groups were compared. RESULTS: The performance ratios (which equals the mean of the error in the fourth day/the error in the first day) in the control, and 0.5%, 1%, and 2% enflurane groups were 0.66, 0.65, and 0.32 (P < 0.01, vs. control), and 0.46 (P < 0.05, vs. control), respectively. CONCLUSIONS: Repetitive post-training exposure to 1% and 2% enflurane significantly enhanced spatial memory in the eight-arm radial maze task. Enflurane enhances consolidation of spatial memory, possibly by affecting hippocampal activity.

Anesthetics, Inhalation↗
PubMed1997

[Significance of postoperative elevation of urinary ulinastatin after open heart surgery under cardiopulmonary bypass].

To investigate the role of ulinastatin in perioperative stress, we measured the urinary levels of ulinastatin (UTI) in patients subjected to open heart surgery under cardiopulmonary bypass. The UTI levels began to increase on the first postoperative day and reached its maximum level on the third postoperative day. There is a good correlation between the maximum level of urinary UTI and cardiopulmonary bypass time. These results indicate that urinary UTI level can be an indicator of surgical stress.

Aged↗
PubMed1997

[Effects of ulinastatin on postoperative renal function in hepatectomized patients with liver cirrhosis].

Posthepatectomy patients with liver cirrhosis have a high incidence of multiple organ failure including renal failure. The depression of urinary ulinastatin (UTI) might be involved in renal derangements in the posthepatectomy patients with liver cirrhosis. We evaluated the relationship between the renal functions and the level of urinary UTI in perioperative period in the posthepatectomy patients with liver cirrhosis, and evaluated whether or not the renal function in the posthepatectomy patients with liver cirrhosis was protected by receiving synthetic UTI, Miraclid. In posthepatectomy patients with liver cirrhosis, the urinary UTI level was 26.3 +/- 13.0 IU. mg x Cr-1 on the first day and renal tubular dysfunction was noticed. On the other hand, in posthepatectomy patients with liver cirrhosis receiving Miràclid administered intravenously during the operation and postoperative three days, the urinary UTI level was 121.2 +/- 85.0 IU. mg x Cr-1 on the first day and renal function was maintained. These results indicate that in posthepatectomy patients with liver cirrhosis, an increase in urinary UTI level observed in response to surgical stress may not occur and this low level of urinary UTI may cause renal dysfunction in the postoperative period. The synthetic UTI, Miraclid, may have beneficial effects reversing the renal derangements resulting from the stress in posthepatectomy patients with liver cirrhosis.

Aged↗
PubMed1997

[Urinary excretion of ulinastatin and NAG after cardiopulmonary bypass].

Although urinary trypsin inhibitor (ulinastatin, UTI) is excreted into urine, its physiological function has not been clarified well. Administration of UTI during surgical procedure was reported to protect renal function from surgical stress. This result suggests participation of UTI excretion in renal tubular function. In this study, the amount of urinary excretion of UTI and that of N-acetyl-beta-D-glucosaminidase (NAG) after cardiopulmonary bypass (CPB) were measured. The urinary UTI excretion increased after surgery and reached the maximum on the third postoperative day. NAG also increased gradually and was three times greater than control on the seventh postoperative day. There was a good correlation between NAG and UTI on the first postoperative day. It is suggested that UTI might correlate with the renal tubular function after CPB.

Acetylglucosaminidase↗
PubMed1996

Multiple but different genetic factors underlie enflurane and isoflurane requirements studied through backcross analysis in C57BL and ddN mice.

We performed a classic backcross analysis to examine the basic genetic nature of enflurane (ENF) and isoflurane (ISO) anesthetic requirement in two inbred mice strains, C57BL (BL) and ddN. We have previously reported different ENF and ISO anesthetic requirements in these two strains. BL (n = 22) and ddN (n = 26) mice were used as parents and were reciprocally crossed to produce F1 hybrid mice. Each F1 offspring was crossed to its parent to produce backcross siblings (BF1). Anesthetic end point was determined as the loss of righting reflex. Measurement of anesthetic requirement was performed during 8-12 wk after birth. Although ddN mice showed slightly less resistance to ENF and ISO compared with our previous report, they were more resistant than BL mice. Multivariate regression analysis of parents' and F1 hybrids' data revealed that, while maternal factors and factors on autosomes were related to both anesthetics, the factors on the X chromosome were ENF specific. A wide variation in anesthetic requirements among BF1 progeny suggested multifactorial inheritance. The regression equations obtained did not always predict anesthetic requirement in BF1 progeny. These discrepancies may be due to the epistatic interaction of related genes. We conclude that multiple but different genetic factors are involved in determining ENF and ISO anesthetic requirements in BL and ddN mice.

Anesthetics, Inhalation↗
PubMed1996

[Changes of urinary ulinastatin and serum CRP after elective surgery for gastric cancer].

Urinary ulinastatin (UTI) is elevated in various conditions, such as renal disease, myocardial infarction, neoplasm, leukemia and normal pregnancy. The purpose of the present study is to measure the change of UTI after surgery for gastric cancer and to compare with other acute phase reactants. Urine samples were collected from 7 surgical patients. UTI level was measured by radioimmunoassay and corrected by urinary level of creatinine. UTI levels began to increase from the first postoperative day and reached the maximum level on the third postoperative day. The pattern of UTI correlated with that of serum CRP levels. Meanwhile, when patient was in inflammatory condition postoperatively, UTI increased further and its pattern correlated with that of serum CRP levels. These results suggest that UTI is an acute phase reactant and a sensitive marker indicating the degree of inflammatory condition after surgery.

Acute-Phase Proteins↗
PubMed1996

[Postoperative urinary ulinastatin secretion and renal function in hepatectomized patients with and without liver cirrhosis].

We compared ulinastatin secretion into urine with renal function during postoperative period in three groups, hepatectomized group with liver cirrhosis (LC(+), n = 7), hepatectomized group without liver cirrhosis (LC(-), n = 4) and subtotal gastrectomized group with normal liver function (GR, n = 7). In LC(+) group, N-acetyl-beta-D-glucosaminidase (NAG) increased above normal upper limit throughout the postoperative period. Ulinastatin (UTI) also increased but the increase was not remarkable. In LC(-) group, NAG increase but not significantly compared with the preoperative value. UTI increased from 5.8 +/- 3.0 IU.mg x Cr-1 to 30.8 +/- 16.6 IU.mg x Cr-1 and 39.9 +/- 9.0 IU. mg x Cr-1 on the 1st and 3rd postoperative day respectively. In GR group, there was no change in NAG value. UTI on the 3rd postoperative day increased significantly (from 10.0 +/- 7.7 to 75.4 +/- 39.0 IU.mg x Cr-1). A small urinary secretion of UTI and increased NAG during postoperative period in LC(+) group suggest that UTI might play an important role in postoperative renal dysfunction in patients with liver cirrhosis.

Acetylglucosaminidase↗
PubMed1995

[Effects of ulinastatin on renal function after subrenal aortic cross-clamping].

Ten patients who had undergone temporary occlusion of the abdominal aorta below the origin of the renal arteries were studied to evaluate the effect of ulinastatin on the postoperative renal function after abdominal aortic cross-clamping. They were divided into two groups: ulinastatin group (ulinastatin 300,000 units.day-1 during intraoperative and postoperative three days, N = 5), control group (N = 5). In ulinastatin group, the increase of N-acetyl-beta-D-glucosaminidase on the third postoperative day was inhibited and renal function was well maintained. These results suggest that the administration of ulinastatin in perioperative day prevents postoperative renal dysfunction after abdominal aortic cross-clamping.

Acetylglucosaminidase↗
PubMed1995

[A case of beneficial effect of ulinastatin on postoperative renal function in a patient with acute renal failure].

We experienced a case in which ulinastatin may have been beneficial to improve postoperative renal function in a patient with acute renal failure. The patient had acute renal failure with serum Cr of 9.3 mg.dl-1 after nephrectomy. On the 14th postoperative day, he underwent laparotomy under diagnosis of ileus. Administration of ulinastatin, 300,000 units.day-1 for 4 days, increased urine volume and creatine clearance and improved serum Cr level. This case suggests that ulinastatin might exert a beneficial effect on the recovery from renal tubular damage and on the glomerular filtration ratio, with resultant improvement of acute renal failure.

Acute Kidney Injury↗
PubMed1995

[Effects of ulinastatin on postoperative renal function after cardiopulmonary bypass].

The effects of ulinastatin on postoperative renal function after the open cardiac surgery under cardiopulmonary bypass (CPB) were studied. N-acetyl-beta-D-glucosaminidase in urine as a marker of tubular function and serum creatinine rose significantly after CPB in the control group but not in the ulinastatin group. Ulinastatin was considered to be effective in protection of tubular function after CPB. In patient with poor preoperative renal function, ulinastatin prevented the deterioration of postoperative renal function by protecting tubular function.

Acute Kidney Injury↗
PubMed1994

Possible participation of NMDA and glycine receptors but not GABAA receptors in enflurane-induced opisthotonus in mice.

1. We previously reported that volatile anaesthetics produce incidences of a transient opisthotonus in mice, a sign of CNS stimulation. This study was performed to investigate mechanisms by which enflurane-induced opisthotonus (EIO) occurs. 2. The effects of pretreatment of N-methyl-D-aspartate (NMDA) antagonists dizocilpine (MK-801; DIZ) and ketamine (KET), GABAA antagonists picrotoxin (PIC), pentylenetetrazol (PTZ) and glycine antagonist strychnine (STR) on the incidence of EIO were determined. Prior to exposure to 2.0% enflurane in air, male ddN mice were given intraperitoneal injections of 0.2 mL saline (control), 0.5-5.0 mg/kg DIZ, 20-80 mg/kg KET, 2.9 mg/kg PIC, 40.0 mg/kg PTZ and 0.75 mg/kg STR. After the injection, the behavioural state of the mice was observed for 20 min (the pre-enflurane period). During the exposure to enflurane the time for immobilization, that is, anaesthetic induction time (IT), and the incidence of EIO were measured. 3. Dizocilpine (1.0-5.0 mg/kg) and KET (80 mg/kg) significantly (P < 0.01) reduced both the incidence of EIO and IT in a dose-dependent manner. During the pre-enflurane period DIZ produced incidences (5-40%) of transient seizures in a dose-dependent manner, while KET did not induce them at all. The two GABAA antagonists had no detectable effect on the EIO. Strychnine significantly enhanced the EIO. These CNS stimulants resulted in a 3-10% incidence of transient seizure and/or opisthotonus during the pre-enflurane period, but there was no correlation between DIZ-induced seizure and EIO. 4. These results suggest that the EIO is mediated by the NMDA and the STR-sensitive glycine receptors, but not the GABAA receptor.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)

Animals↗
PubMed1994

Volatile anaesthetics as central nervous system excitants.

Volatile anaesthetics (VAs) act essentially as central nervous system (CNS) depressants. However, many evidences obviously demonstrate that VAs are also CNS excitants. In this review, we adduce our previous studies which are relevant to the behavioural evidences of the CNS excitation actions of VAs. Anaesthetic-induced opisthotonus (OP) found in mice is thought to be a sign of CNS stimulation and the order of the incidence inversely coincides with that of blood/gas partition coefficient, that is, the smaller the coefficient, the higher the incidence of OP as far as the halogenated ether anaesthetics are concerned. In other words, the shorter the induction time to anaesthesia, the greater the incidence. A striking observation is that the incidence due to isoflurane is much higher than that to enflurane, while in humans, enflurane often produces convulsion whereas isoflurane when administered alone has not been found to cause electroencephalographic or clinical seizures in anaesthetized patients. We also found that enflurane-induced OP is possibly mediated by N-methyl-D-aspartate- and glycine-receptor but not GABAA-receptor and that the intensity of immunoreactivity of methionine-enkephalin in hippocampal mossy fibre is well correlated with the incidence among three strains of mice. We demonstrated that the open-field activity in ddN mice significantly increased on and after emergence from anaesthesia with enflurane and isoflurane. The effect of very low concentrations of halothane, enflurane and isoflurane on acquired active avoidance training was assessed.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)

Anesthetics, Inhalation↗
PubMed1994

Anaesthetic mechanism--from molecular to biological aspects.

The mechanism of anaesthesia is still a black box, although many investigators have been concerned about this theme since the 19th century. It is too complex to clarify the mode of anaesthetic action, as a variety of compounds have been adopted as anaesthetics. Hill coefficients calculated from the righting reflex dose-response curve in enflurane, isoflurane sevoflurane and halothane anaesthesia in a certain strain of mice were from 14 to 56. It shows that many factors are related to the mechanisms of anaesthetic actions. In this review, we adduce from our previous studies 2 approaches to study the anaesthetic mechanism. The pharmacogenetical approach is concerned with the mode of genetics in anaesthetic sensitivities in ddN and C57BL, 2 strains of mice and their hybrids, and distributions of neurotransmitters in each mouse brain. The sensitivity rates in enflurane and isoflurane anaesthesia are both 1.4 between ddN and C57BL. The rate is highest compared with precedent data. The F1 males from ddN females x C57BL males had a significantly higher ED50 than F1 males from the reciprocal crosses for both enflurane and isoflurane, indicating that enflurane resistance and isoflurane resistance are controlled by genes on the sex (X) chromosome. In the F2 progeny, we hypothesized that 1 gene was on the X chromosome and another gene was on the autosome. Although there were several differences among ddN, C57BL and their hybrids and several anaesthetics concerning distributions of neurotransmitters, neuropeptide Y, serotonine and methionine-enkephalin in the mouse brain, the relationship to the genetical analysis has been chaotic. The physicochemical approach is concerned with the confirmation of the action site of volatile anaesthetics in phospholipid bilayer membranes. It is suspected from Overton's experiment that the action site is not in the core of lipid bilayer but on the surface of membrane. It was demonstrated by 2 methodologies. Two-dimensional nuclear Overhauser effect spectrum in H1-NMR spectra of dipalmitoyl phosphatidylcholine (DPPC) vesicle membrane in the presence of methoxyflurane revealed from the existence of the cross-peak between the methoxy-proton and the choline methyl-proton that methoxyflurane molecule interacted only to the polar head of lipid membrane at lower temperatures.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 400 WORDS)

Anesthetics, Inhalation↗
PubMed1993

Strain-differences of sensitivity to volatile anesthetics and their genetic character in mice.

Using loss of the righting reflex, we determined the ED50 values for enflurane, isoflurane, sevoflurane and halothane in white-haired ddN mice and black-haired C57BL mice. The ED50s (Mean +/- SEM) in ddN and C57BL mice for enflurane were 1.65 +/- 0.01 and 1.19 +/- 0.01% atm, for isoflurane 1.02 +/- 0.01 and 0.74 +/- 0.01% atm, for sevoflurane 2.29 +/- 0.03 and 1.95 +/- 0.03% atm, and for halothane 0.97 +/- 0.01 and 0.97 +/- 0.01% atm, respectively. The results indicate that the ddN strain is more resistant to enflurane, isoflurane and sevoflurane than the C57BL strain. The sensitivities to enflurane and isoflurane is F1 progeny of reciprocal crosses between ddN and C57BL mice revealed that in the ddN strain enflurane resistance is an incompletely dominant or polygenic character, isoflurane resistance in ddN strain is an autosomal recessive character and both are controlled by genes on the sex (X) chromosome. Enflurane and isoflurane resistances are controlled by at least 2 genes, one on the X chromosome, and each resistance is controlled by a different genetic mode

Journal Article↗
PubMed1993

The N-methyl-D-aspartate (NMDA) receptor antagonist dizocilpine (MK-801) suppresses enflurane-induced opisthotonus in mice.

We determined whether enflurane-induced opisthotonus in ddN mice is mediated by N-methyl-D-aspartate (NMDA) receptor using NMDA receptor antagonists dizocilpine (MK-801) and ketamine. Animals were given intraperitoneal injections of 0.2 ml saline (control), 2.5 or 5.0 mg.kg(-1) dizocilpine in saline, or 20 or 40 mg.kg(-1) ketamine is saline 20 min prior to exposure to 2.0% enflurane. Incidence of opisthotonus measured during exposure to enflurane for 20 min was 49% (n = 51) in saline (control) group, 6.7 (P < 0.01 vs control, n = 30) and 15.0% (P < 0.01, n = 40) in 2.5 and 5.0 mg.kg(-1) dizocilpine group, respectively, and 43.9 (NS, n = 41) and 40.0% (NS, n = 40) in 20 and 40 mg.kg(-1) ketamine group, respectively. These results strongly suggest that enflurane-induced opisthotonus is mediated by NMDA receptor. Ketamine failed to suppress significantly due to possibly small dosages. Further, dizocilpine itself produced severe seizures during preenflurane period (30.0 and 40.0% in 2.5 and 5.0 mg.kg(-1), respectively), which may be a novel finding.

Journal Article↗