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Biomedical subjects

J Novák

Publications and source records attributed to J Novák.

At least 91 records · Page 5Linked to original sources
PubMed1990

[Necrolysis in burns using fibrinolysin and deoxyribonuclease].

Fibrolan was used altogether in 42 cases. This product, containing fibrinolysin and sesoxyribonuclease may be used favourably to remove necrotic tissues by conservative surgery until the extent of about 15 per cent burned surface. The necrolysis in burned injuries of grade II/2 is completed in the majority of the cases in 5-10 days, after this the development of the epithelium is finished in 5-10 days. If operation would be necessary, this can be performed after the end of the necrolysis with more favourable prospects. From the viewpoint of the technics of application and considering the cost too, the unguent is more favourable. The therapy had not to be interrupted because of complication or side effects.

Adult↗
PubMed1990

[Microsurgery knives with crystalline blades].

In collaboration with the national enterprise Monokrystaly Turnov and the workshops of the Medical Faculty, Charles University, Hradec Králové the authors designed and produced microsurgical knives with an exchangeable inserted blade made from leucosapphire. They describe their experience with the manufacture and clinical use of these new local instruments.

Humans↗
PubMed1990

[Late results of ileorectal anastomosis in proctocolitis].

In 1961-1986 at the Surgical Clinic of the Institute for Postgraduate Medicine in Prague 49 colectomies were performed with ileorectal anastomosis. The operations were usually made in several stages. The remote results were evaluated after an interval of 10 to 26 years in 33 patients and were good to satisfactory in 82%. Malignant degeneration in the rectum was not observed. The relatively favourable results can be ascribed to careful selection of patients and frequently also the multi-stage procedure. Ileorectal anastomoses are still justified in the surgical treatment of proctocolitis.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1990

[Initial experience with the combined use of YAG and argon lasers in the area of the pupil].

The authors analyze the advantages of the opportunity to use two types of lasers located on a single slit lamp, as tested in a group of 17 patients. The authors give an account of suitable combined interventions in the area of the pupil. If the indication is correct and based on knowledge of the risk of the action of the two lasers, the complications of the procedure are rare and readily managed. According to the authors' experience it is a useful therapeutic method, in particular in complicated posttraumatic, post-inflammatory and postoperative conditions.

Humans↗
PubMed1990

Morphologic differences in skeletal muscle with age in normally active human males and their well-trained counterparts.

In this study we elucidate the interaction of physical activity with aging as regards skeletal muscle fiber distribution and size. Thirty-three male athletes and 42 normally active counterparts served as subjects. They were assigned to younger (less than 25.5 years) and older (greater than 25.5 years) subgroups. Serial cross-sections from muscle biopsy samples (musculus vastus lateralis) were stained to distinguish fiber type: fast glycolytic (type IIb), fast oxidative-glycolytic (type IIa), or slow oxidative (type I). We also measured fiber diameters. A greater mean diameter of type I fibers was seen in older as opposed to younger athletes. Older controls had a smaller mean diameter of type IIb fibers than did younger controls. Athletes had a smaller mean percentage of type IIa fibers and a greater mean percentage of type I fibers than did controls. There was a greater mean percentage of type I fibers in older as opposed to younger controls, but this was not the case in athletes. Athletes may have larger fibers and a greater percentage of type I fibers at the expense of type IIa fibers. Atrophy of fibers with aging might be retarded by training, which might also reduce the age-associated rate of type IIb percentage loss and type I percentage gain.

Adult↗
PubMed1989

Biotransformation of diethenylbenzenes. I. Identification of the main urinary metabolites of 1,4-diethenylbenzene in the rat.

1. Biotransformation of 1,4-diethenylbenzene (1) in rat was studied. Six urinary metabolites, namely, N-acetyl-S-[2-(4-ethenylphenyl)-2-hydroxyethyl]-L-cysteine (3), N-acetyl-S-[1-(4-ethenylphenyl)-2-hydroxyethyl]-L-cysteine (4), N-acetyl-S-[1-(4-formylphenyl)-2-hydroxyethyl]-L-cysteine (5), 1-(4-ethenylphenyl)ethane-1,2-diol (6), 4-ethenylbenzoic acid (9) and 4-ethenylbenzoyl-glycine (12) were isolated and identified by n.m.r. and mass spectrometry. 2. G.l.c.-mass spectral analysis of the methylated urine extract allowed the identification of four other metabolites, as 4-ethenylphenylacetic acid (11), 4-ethenylphenylacetylglycine (13), 4-ethenylmandelic acid (7), and 4-ethenylphenylglyoxylic acid (8). 3. The structures of the identified metabolites indicate that the main reactive intermediate in the metabolism of 1 is 4-ethenylphenyloxirane (2). The first step in the biotransformation of 1, formation of an oxirane, is very similar to the metabolic activation of styrene. However, subsequent steps lead not only to analogues of styrene metabolites but also to oxidation of the second ethenyl group leading to compound(s) which may contribute to the toxicity of 1, e.g. to the aldehyde 5. 4. Rats dosed with a single i.p. dose of 1 excreted nearly 5.6% of the dose as the glycine conjugate 12, irrespective of the dose. 5. In contrast, the total thioether fraction decreased significantly with increasing dose, being 23 +/- 3, 17 +/- 5 and 12 +/- 1% of dose at 100, 200 and 300 mg/kg, respectively (mean +/- SD).

Animals↗
PubMed1989

Treatment of frostbites of the upper extremities with prolonged blockade of axillary plexus.

Encouraged by the beneficial effect in the treatment of cold injury of the lower extremities, the authors applied permanent plexus anesthesia for treatment of the cold injury of the upper extremities too. Of the total of 10 in-patients treated with this method, amputation had to be made only in 2 cases due to the lack of compliance of the patients retarding the commencement of therapy. 7 patients with the same severity of cold injury admitted from other hospitals where they had been treated with traditional methods have undergone multiple phalangectomies. The method had beneficial effect only when applied within the first 8 h after trauma.

Anesthesia, Epidural↗
PubMed1989

[Permanent sequelae of injuries in the otorhinolaryngology field].

The present retrospective study was aimed to scrutinize constant traumatic sequelae in otorhinolaryngology on 586 traumatic reports, which have been documented by the Bohemian State Insurance starting from 1965 to 1985. Constant sequelae appeared to be subsequent both to individual damages of otorhinolaryngologic organs and multiple traumas, from them 59.4% affected the ear region. Most frequently were presented the partial hearing loss, deafness, and labyrinth lesions especially in multiple traumas. As to the nasal area, the amount of 22.7 per cent consisted of external nasal shape deformities with the disordered passage, and olfactory disorders in multiple traumas. The remaining 17.9% sequelae was concerned with the anatomical and functional lesions of other otorhinolaryngologic organs. To determine features and the extent of constant sequelae, most current diagnostical approaches and consiliary examinations were used. However, the objective assessment of olfactory disorders and tinnitus aurium is stated to be still diagnostically intricated. Both the simulation and aggravation were found out in 2.5% of insurers. Other relations were also studied, e.g.: insurer vice versa physician. In addition to other causes, the most frequent ones represented an underestimation of traumatic consequences all along with their erroneous treatment, low levelled outpatient care of ORL specialists as to the multiple trauma management outside ORL service. In many instances, the injured subjects were not appropriately recommended to provide them with simple and effective surgical treatment of yet manifested constant sequelae. The proper expertize activity was complicated with the defective trauma documentation, terminology variants and erroneous regulations dealing with the recompensation of injuries.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1989

[Permanent manual magnets in microsurgery of the eye].

Intraocular magnetic foreign bodies represent still an important problem. Giant electromagnets make possible to extract the foreign magnetic bodies in nearly all cases. The hand-manipulated electromagnets are advantageous for their easier use. The miniature permanent magnets equipped with shaped extensions are constructed for purposes of the ocular microsurgery. Authors have designed, in cooperation with the domestic technical institutes and manufactures, the original type of the permanent magnet equipped with needed extensions and experimentally verified its usage during microsurgical extractions of the magnetic intraocular bodies.

Eye Foreign Bodies↗
PubMed1989

[Evaluation of the quality of the optic part of intraocular lenses].

The authors describe the examination of optic properties of intraocular lenses by two methods, using the Meopta line test on a slide. The principle is the assessment of transparency of the optic portion of the intraocular lens by the legibility of the line test under the microscope and assessment of the differentiating capacity of the optic portion of the lens on the optic test bench.

Lenses, Intraocular↗
PubMed1988

Comparison of the absolute calibration method with the method of standard addition for the determination of halothane in blood by gas chromatographic headspace analysis.

As long-term exposure to exhaled halothane can be a cause of hepatitis and/or damage to the liver, the determination of halothane in blood is important in clinical practice. Gas chromatographic headspace analysis appears to be the most successful method. In the present study, two methods of quantitative evaluation of the analysis were compared by statistical treatment and direct comparison. The absolute calibration method was found to be unsuitable since it yields entirely unreliable results. This is due to different contents of lipoid and other components in the blood of the normal population, and this influences the vapour phase concentration of halothane and results in different values for the slopes of calibration curves for different blood samples. The standard addition method gives reliable results.

Cholesterol↗
PubMed1988

N-acetyl-S-(1-cyano-2-hydroxyethyl)-L-cysteine, a new urinary metabolite of acrylonitrile and oxiranecarbonitrile.

Two mercapturic acids, i.e., N-acetyl-S-(1-cyano-2-hydroxyethyl)-L-cysteine (CHEMA) and N-acetyl-S-(2-hydroxyethyl)-L-cysteine (HEMA), were isolated from the urine of rats dosed with four successive doses of oxiranecarbonitrile (glycidonitrile, GN), 5 mg/kg, a reactive metabolic intermediate of acrylonitrile (AN). GC-MS analysis of methylated urine extracts from both AN- and GN-dosed rats showed another mercapturate which was identified as N-acetyl-S-(1-cyanoethenyl)-L-cysteine (1-CEMA) methyl ester using an authentic reference sample. The mass spectrum of this compound was very similar to that of a methylated metabolite of AN tentatively identified by Langvardt et al. (1980) as N-acetyl-3-carboxy-5-cyanothiazane (ACCT). In contrast, no ACCT was found in rats dosed with either GN or AN. Hence, there is no evidence for the formation of ACCT or its isomers in rats dosed with AN or GN. The methyl ester of 1-CEMA is formed artificially by dehydration of CHEMA methyl ester in the injector of the gas chromatograph.

Acetylcysteine↗