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Biomedical subjects

J O Adenubi

Publications and source records attributed to J O Adenubi.

16 recordsLinked to original sources
PubMed2001

Prevention of pit and fissure caries using an antimicrobial varnish: 9 month clinical evaluation.

OBJECTIVE: The purpose of this study was to determine whether Cervitec--a chlorhexidine--containing varnish could reduce the development of pit and fissure caries in children. METHODS: One hundred children each in age groups 7-8 and 12-14 years were selected from schools in Riyadh, Saudi Arabia. To be included in the study, each child had to have at least two sound contra-lateral first or second permanent molars with deep fissures. A split mouth method was used with one test tooth and one control within the same jaw. The left or the right side was selected randomly for test or control. The plaque samples from the occlusal surfaces of the test and control and the saliva samples were collected at baseline examination and after 9 months to estimate the number of Streptococcus mutans by the strip mutans method of Jensen and Bratthall (Jensen B, Bratthall D. A new method for the estimation of mutans streptococci in human saliva. Journal of Dental Research 1989;68:468-471). Cervitec varnish containing 1% chlorhexidine (CHx) and thymol was applied at baseline, at 3-4 months and at 6 months to the test tooth after isolation while the control had prophylaxis using cotton pellet in water each time the varnish was applied to the test tooth. Caries examination of the test and control followed after 9 months, according to the criteria and methods of WHO (World Health Organization. Oral Health Surveys. Basic Methods 4th ed., Geneva, WHO 1997). The blind technique was used in the diagnosis of caries and in the examination of the S. mutans count at the end of the study. RESULTS: Ninety four of the 7-8 year old and 86 of the 12-14 year old children completed the study. The results showed that the caries increment in both control groups of teeth after 9 months is significantly higher than in the test teeth (McNemar test: chi2 = 11.60, P < 0.001). The rate of caries development in a fissure was significantly correlated to the plaque mutans score of that fissure and there was considerable reduction in the S. mutans count of the plaque in the test teeth compared with the control (Spearman Rank Correlation: P < 0.001). CONCLUSION: It is concluded that the CHx varnish reduced the development of fissure caries significantly.

Adolescent↗
PubMed2001

Intra-nasal midazolam in conscious sedation of young paediatric dental patients.

OBJECTIVES: To compare the effects of 3 different doses of intra-nasal midazolam in the conscious sedation of young paediatric dental patients and to compare the effectiveness of the sedation in the fasting and non-fasting child. DESIGN: Double blind random controlled trial. SAMPLE AND METHODS: Thirty-eight uncooperative young children aged 2-5 years (mean age 4.02 years) were randomly assigned to one of 3 groups. The groups and the doses of midazolam administered intra-nasally were A: 0.3 mg/kg, B: 0.4 mg/kg, and C: 0.5 mg/kg body weight. Each child in each group had two visits for restorative treatment: one without food (fasting) and the other with soft drink and light food (non-fasting) before treatment. Child behaviour and sedative effects were evaluated using the scoring system of Houpt. The vital signs were monitored continuously using a pulse oximeter and Dinamap machine. RESULTS: There was rapid onset of sedation with the maximal effect between 8 and 15 minutes. This sedation lasted for 25-40 minutes in Groups A and B and for 60 minutes in Group C. Conscious sedation and dental treatment were achieved in 79%, 96% and 100% of the children in Groups A, B and C, respectively. Consistently higher Houpt scores were seen in Groups B and C, with statistically significant differences between Groups A and C, and B and C (Tukey's range test, P < 0.05). There were no significant differences in the general behaviour of the child, the onset and the duration of sedation between the fasting and the non-fasting child (nonparametric ANOVA P > 0.05). All the vital signs were within normal physiological limits and there were no significant adverse effects either with or without fasting. CONCLUSIONS: All 3 doses of intranasal midazolam were effective in modifying the behaviour of the uncooperative child patient to accept dental treatment. This was irrespective of fasting.

Administration, Intranasal↗
PubMed1999

Clinical evaluation of glutaraldehyde with calcium hydroxide and glutaraldehyde with zinc oxide eugenol in pulpotomy of primary molars.

The objectives of this study were to clinically evaluate the effectiveness of 2% buffered glutaraldehyde in pulpotomies of human primary molars and to compare the success rate of glutaraldehyde with calcium hydroxide and glutaraldehyde with zinc oxide eugenol as dressing material on the radicular pulp. Pulpotomies were completed on 61 primary molars in 19 children. The teeth were divided into two groups by random allocation. One group had a dressing of zinc oxide-eugenol base (IRM) incorporated with one drop of 2% buffered glutaraldehyde while the other group had a dressing of calcium hydroxide base incorporated with one drop of 2% buffered glutaraldehyde after the initial placement of 2% buffered glutaraldehyde on cotton pellet for 3 min. All teeth had light-curing compomer (Dyract) placed over the dressing material followed by a stainless steel crown restoration within 1 or 2 weeks after the pulpotomy. Blind clinical and radiographic evaluations of 57 teeth available after 12 months showed a success rate of 92.9% and 73.6% respectively. The clinical and radiographic success rates for glutaraldehyde/zinc oxide eugenol pulpotomies were 96.5% and 75.8% respectively while those for glutaraldehyde-calcium hydroxide were 89.2% and 71.4%. There was no statistically significant difference between the two groups either clinically or radiographically. The overall clinical success rate suggested that 2% buffered glutaraldehyde was an effective agent in the pulpotomy of human primary molars.

Calcium Hydroxide↗
PubMed1998

Caries prediction model in pre-school children in Riyadh, Saudi Arabia.

OBJECTIVES: To evaluate the significance of variables such as oral hygiene, dietary habits, socio-economic status and medical history of a child in assessing the level of caries risk and to generate a caries prediction model for pre-school Saudi children. DESIGN: Cross-sectional study of pre-school children. SETTING: Clinics and schools in Riyadh, Saudi Arabia. SAMPLE AND METHODS: A sample of 446 Saudi pre-school children, 199 males and 247 females, with a mean age of 4.13 years, were selected at random from clinics and schools. Selection was limited to subjects who either had no caries (dmft = 0) or who had high caries experience (dmft > 8). Each child was examined for caries experience and oral hygiene status. Their mothers were interviewed through a standardized questionnaire for information about oral hygiene habits of the children, diet history, childhood illness and socio-economic status. RESULTS: There was a highly significant difference between the two groups in: debris index (P < 0.0001), aged child started tooth brushing, (P < 0.0001), age breastfeeding was stopped (P < 0.005), nocturnal bottle feeding with milk formula (P < 0.001), use of sweetened milk (P < 0.0001), frequency of use of soft drinks (P < 0.0005), frequency of consumption of sweets (P < 0.0001), and age at first dental visit (P < 0.0001). A caries prediction model developed through stepwise multivariate Logistic Regression (LR) analyses showed debris index, use of sweetened milk in bottle, frequency of consumption of soft drinks, frequency of intake of sweets and child's age at the first dental visit to be significant. Predictive probability of the model was 86.31% with a sensitivity of 90.1% and a specificity of 80.6%. CONCLUSIONS: Risk factors for dental caries have been identified and a caries prediction model has been developed for Saudi pre-school children. The prediction model, if verified, may provide with guidance in identifying high caries risk Saudi preschool children as targets for preventive programmes.

Bottle Feeding↗
PubMed1984

Caries experience of 8-year-old Nigerian schoolchildren.

An epidemiologic study was carried out between April 1981 and March 1982 to determine the total caries experience of 8-yr-old Nigerian children in both the private and the government schools in Lagos. A total of 860 children were examined for the study. 451 were from free, non-fee paying government schools while 409 were from the fee-paying private schools. 50.1% were boys and 49.9% were girls. The mean dmf score for private schoolchildren is 1.5 and that of the government schoolchildren is 1.1. This difference is statistically significant (P less than 0.001). The mean dmf score for the whole sample is 1.3. The mean DMF for the private schoolchildren is 0.55 while that of the government schoolchildren is 0.24. This difference is statistically significant (P less than 0.001). The mean DMF for all the children examined is 0.4. The mean dmf score for boys (1.3) is slightly higher than the mean dmf score for girls (1.2), while the mean DMF score for girls (0.5) is higher than that for boys (0.4). These sex differences are thought to be due to slight differences in the eruption times. There is no difference between the sexes in the proportion of children who are caries-free (52.9% boys and 52% girls). Some 46% of the private schoolchildren were caries-free compared with 58.3% of those in the government schools. This difference is statistically significant (P less than 0.001). This difference is thought to be due to the greater consumption of refined carbohydrates by the private schoolchildren, who come from the higher socioeconomic strata of the community.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)

Child↗
PubMed1984

The gingival health of eight-year-old Nigerian children.

A total of 860 eight-year-old schoolchildren in Lagos Nigeria, were examined between April 1981 and March 1982: 409 from private schools and 451 from government schools. Half were boys and the other half were girls. The mean Gingival Index score for children in private schools is 0.4 and 0.5 in the government schools. The GI score was slightly higher for boys than for girls in each group. The prevalence of calculus (24.7 percent) and gingivitis (46.5 percent) in the private schoolchildren is significantly lower than that found in the government schoolchildren (59.6 percent and 61.6 percent respectively) (p values less than 0.002). The mean OHI-S score is lower in the private schools (0.8 for boys and 0.7 for girls) than in the government school (1.1 for both boys and girls). These findings suggest better oral hygiene habits in the higher socioeconomic group of private schoolchildren. Among the boys, 47.3 percent had calculus and 52.2 percent had gingivitis while 38.7 percent of the girls had calculus and 56.6 percent had gingivitis. Overall, 43 percent of the children examined had calculus, 54.4 percent had gingivitis. The mean GI Score was 0.4 and the mean OHI Score was 1.0. The results indicate a trend toward a lower prevalence of gingivitis and better oral hygiene among Nigerian children now when compared with studies reported two decades ago.

Child↗
PubMed1975

The increase in dental disease in the northern states of Nigeria and its manpower implications.

An epidemiological survey of dental decay was carried out in the six northern states of Nigeria on a population sample of 1396. The average number of decayed, missing and filled (DMF) teeth per person for the whole sample was 2-7. The percentage of caries-free persons was 47-1. Dental decay was more severe and widespread in the cities, where the mean DMF value was 2-8 and 42 per cent were caries-free, than in the villages, where the mean DMF value was 2-0 and 66-9 per cent were caries-free. The mean DMF index for the age group 10-19 years (which formed nearly 60 per cent of the sample) was 3-1, and untreated dental decay alone almost entirely accounted for this figure. This amount of untreated dental disease is an indication of the lack of dental treatment available as a consequence of the shortage of dental manpower, since only 15 dentists are available for a population of 28 800 000 in this area. Examination of the dietary habits of the population studied showed a remarkable level of consumption of sweets and sweet foods both in villages and cities. Overall, no fewer than 87 per cent of the people admitted to taking these cariogenic foods as snacks between meals. These habits are sufficient to explain the alarmingly increased incidence of dental decay and the decline in the number of caries-free persons when compared with earlier studies. This is an unhappy augury for the future dental health of Nigeria. The evidence of deterioration of dental health makes a national programme of dental health education and preventive dental treatment a matter of urgency. This necessitates a considerable increase in dental manpower if the population is to receive the maximum benefit.

Adolescent↗