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Biomedical subjects

J O Ellegood

Publications and source records attributed to J O Ellegood.

At least 19 recordsLinked to original sources
PubMed1986

Plasminogen in peritoneal fluid: a possible nonsteroidal indicator of ovulation.

Plasminogen levels in peritoneal fluid were evaluated in 40 fertile women with regular ovulatory cycles. Fifteen samples were obtained before ovulation and 25 samples after ovulation. Plasminogen content and concentration in postovulatory peritoneal fluid was 0.84 +/- 0.10 mg and 6.1 +/- 0.57 mg/dl, respectively. These values were significantly higher than in the preovulatory peritoneal fluid, which were 0.36 +/- 0.12 mg (P less than 0.005) and 3.5 +/- 0.33 mg/dl, (P less than 0.001), respectively. Estradiol and progesterone (P) concentrations in peritoneal fluid were significantly higher after ovulation (P less than 0.05 and P less than 0.01, respectively). P concentration in serum and peritoneal fluid showed a linear correlation (P less than 0.05). Peritoneal fluid plasminogen is significantly elevated after ovulation and may be a nonsteroidal marker for follicular rupture and oocyte extrusion.

Ascitic Fluid↗
PubMed1985

The effects of single-dose luteinizing hormone-releasing hormone on ovulatory menstrual function: support for a single luteinizing hormone- and follicle-stimulating hormone-releasing factor.

Ten ovulatory women were followed with gonadotropin and steroid determinations through two cycles. They were given 500 micrograms of luteinizing hormone-releasing hormone (LH-RH) during the periovulatory period of the second cycle to determine whether ovulation could be facilitated without altering corpus luteum function. Successive cycles demonstrated concordance for patterns of gonadotropin and steroid secretion when studied as group means. Two control cycles and one treatment cycle were consistent with luteal phase defects. The use of a supramaximal dose of LH-RH in these women neither facilitated ovulation nor adversely affected luteal function. A significant linear correlation was noted between peak LH and follicle-stimulating hormone (FSH) values for the spontaneous surges. This same linear relationship was maintained for the LH and FSH responses to 500 micrograms LH-RH. The present data produce further evidence demonstrating that the secretion of LH and FSH appears to be modulated by gonadal steroids and under the permissive control of a single gonadotropin-releasing hormone.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1981

Serum progesterone, 17 alpha-hydroxyprogesterone, human chorionic gonadotropin, and prolactin in early pregnancy and a case of spontaneous abortion.

Sequential serum samples were obtained from each of seven healthy volunteers whose dates of conception were carefully monitored, with the use of artificial insemination techniques. Progesterone, 17 alpha-hydroxyprogesterone, beta-hCG, and prolactin were measured by radioimmunoassay, utilizing specific antibodies. Of the seven initial volunteers, six women delivered viable, healthy infants. The seventh woman aborted spontaneously during the 10th week after conception. In the control patients, the levels for beta-hCG rose in a predictable fashion, rising to mean peak levels (10,000 mIU/ml) by the 8th week after conception. Progesterone concentrations gradually increased and plateaued from the 3rd to the 9th week. Mean progesterone values during that time period ranged from 20.6 to 24.6 ng/ml. The mean peak values of 4 ng/ml 17 alpha-hydroxyprogesterone was reached by the 3rd week after conception, gradually declining to luteal levels by the 8th week after conception. Prolactin remained below 30 ng/ml until the 7th week after conception, increasing gradually thereafter. This study failed to show that 17 alpha-hydroxyprogesterone was a reliable marker of corpus luteum function in pregnancy. Endocrine parameters reliably predicted fetal jeopardy in the abortion patient.

Abortion, Spontaneous↗
PubMed1979

Maternal and amniotic fluid steroids throughout human pregnancy.

Concentrations of testosterone, dihydrotestosterone, androstenedione, progesterone, 17 alpha-hydroxyprogesterone, and estradiol were measured by radioimmunoassay in the amniotic fluid and maternal peripheral blood obtained from normal pregnancies between 14 and 40 weeks of gestation. There was a sex difference in the levels of all the androgenic steroids in the amniotic fluid before 20 weeks with higher levels in pregnancies with male fetuses. Amniotic fluid 17 alpha-hydroxyprogesterone levels were significantly elevated in a pregnancy with the fetus affected with congenital adrenal hyperplasia. The levels of all the steroids in the amniotic fluid were significantly elevated in the pregnancy with molar degeneration of the placenta. There was a sex difference in the levels of dihydrotestosterone in the maternal peripheral blood before 20 weeks with higher levels in pregnancies with male fetuses. There was no correlation between the steroid levels in the maternal serum and amniotic fluid even though most of the samples of maternal serum were drawn at the same time as amniocentesis.

Adrenocortical Hyperfunction↗
PubMed1979

Accumulation of norethindrone and individual metabolites in human plasma during short- and long-term administration of a contraceptive dosage.

Blood levels of free, sulfate, and glucuronide conjugates of norethindrone (NE) and its ring A reduced metabolites 17alpha-ethynyl-5beta-estrane-3alpha, 17beta-diol and 17alpha-ethynyl-5alpha-estrane-3alpha, 17beta-diol were measured in a female volunteer who received six consecutive daily doses of 2.5 mg. of NE and in four female volunteers undergoing chronic treatment with Orthonovum 2 mg. (2 mg. of NE and 0.1 mg. of mestranol [ME]). The blood levels were quantified by gas chromatograph-mass spectrometry. During treatment for 6 days with 2.5 mg. of NE daily, the 3 hour blood levels of NE and the ring A reduced metabolites increased in a stepwise fashion. During long-term treatment the concentrations of NE, NE sulfate, and the conjugates of the ring A reduced metabolites were seen to build up to a peak at approximately the midpoint of the treatment phase of each cycle, and drop to near baseline during the time when no drug was administered. Individuals varied as to their tendency to accumulate the drug and metabolites, and as to the relative proportion of metabolites formed.

Adult↗
PubMed1979

Serum levels of estrone and estradiol after implantation of estradiol pellets.

Serum estrone, estradiol, progesterone, FSH, and LH levels were studied after the implantation of estradiol pellets in female volunteers in the reproductive age group. The estradiol pellets were implanted at six-month intervals. The first implant consisted of four pellets (25 mg each). Subsequent implants consisted of a reduction by one pellet as compared to the previous implant. The mean serum estradiol levels during the six-month period of implantation or at the end of six-month intervals were in the premenopausal range and did not differ significantly during the study. The serum estrone levels showed a tendency to increase with time even though the number of pellets implanted was decreasing, apparently a result of incomplete absorption of the implanted estradiol during the six-month period. The results of serum progesterone determinations and basal body temperature records indicate that the suppression of ovulation takes place most consistently during the second and subsequent months after estradiol pellet implantation.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1978

Maternal and amniotic fluid 17 alpha-hydroxyprogesterone levels during pregnancy: diagnosis of congenital adrenal hyperplasia in utero.

17 alpha-Hdroxyprogesterone levels (17 alpha-OHP) were measured in 70 samples of amniotic fluid and 30 samples of maternal serum obtained at different stages of normal pregnancy and in samples of maternal serum and amniotic fluid from a pregnancy with the fetus affected with congenital adrenal hyperplasia. The mean level of 17 alpha-hydroxyprogesterone in the amniotic fluid from control pregnancies was 133.9 +/- 7.6 ng. per 100 ml. (range, 25.1 to 266.6 ng. per 100 ml). The levels were significantly higher in midpregnancy (157.4 +/- 8.4 ng. per 100 ml.) than in late pregnancy (79.2 +/- 6.8 ng. per 100 ml.) (p less than 0.01). Amniotic fluid 17 alpha-OHP levels in the affected pregnancy were significantly higher than the control levels. Mean maternal 17 alpha-OHP level during early pregnancy and midpregnancy was 259.5 +/- 22 ng. per 100 ml. and there was a two-to three-fold increase after 37 weeks (672.2 +/- 61 ng. per 100 ml.) The maternal 17 alpha-OHP levels in the affected pregnancy were significantly higher than the control levels after 34 weeks, but before 34 weeks, the level was within the range seen in control pregnancies. Measurement of 17 alpha-OHP levels in the amniotic fluid before 24 weeks and maternal serum after 34 weeks can be utilized for the prenatal diagnosis of congenital adrenal hyperplasia.

Adrenal Hyperplasia, Congenital↗
PubMed1976

Metabolism of oral contraceptive drugs. The formation and disappearance of metabolites of norethindrone and mestranol after intravenous and oral administration.

Previous studies from this laboratory reported that 3H-labeled metabolites with half-lives of more than 24 hours may remain in the plasmaa of women receiving an intravenous injection of 3H norethindrone or 3H mestranol. To confirm the presence of these metabolites, blood samples were collected for five days after injection of 3H norethindrone or 3H mestranol; 3H representing metabolites of norethindrone disappeared with half-life values of 42 to 84 hours (mean 67 hours), while 3H representing metabolites of mestranol declined with an average half-life of 45 hours (range 37 to 65 hours). When the 3H-labeled drugs were administered orally, metabolites of similar half-life were formed. Because these compounds exist for several days after a single administration and since oral contraceptive drugs are normally taken daily, the possiblity of the accumulation of 3H in the plasm of women receiving several consecutive doses of 3H norethindrone was investigated. The results of this study show a stepwise accumulation of the 3H metabolites when 3H norethindrone was administered in six daily oral doses. However, the 3H levels declined from the peak on the sixth and last day of the treatment at a rate equivalent to those previously measured after intravenous or oral administration.

Administration, Oral↗
PubMed1976

Ovarian and peripheral venous steroids in XY gonadal dysgenesis and gonadoblastoma.

Determinations of multiple steroids were made on ovarian and peripheral blood in a 46,XY patient with bilateral gonadoblastoma. The right gonadoblastoma had undergone complete calcific ablation. The principal viable cellular elements in the left gonadoblastoma were Leydig cells. Except for a borderline increase over peripheral levels of estradiol, the degenerated right tumor mass showed no evidence of endocrine activity. Venous blood emanating from the left cellular gonadoblastoma exhibited significant elevations of testosterone, progesterone, and estradiol as compared to peripheral blood. Viable sex cord elements were present in the left tumor mass but did not exhibit sufficient steroid activity to have demonstrable clinical manifestations.

Adolescent↗