[Spindle cell hemangioendothelioma--a low grade malignant angiosarcoma].
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Adult↗
Biomedical subjects
J O Habeck
Publications and source records attributed to J O Habeck.
Carotid and aortic bodies in chronically anemic normotensive and spontaneously hypertensive rats.
Overactivity of the carotid body chemoreceptors along with the enlargement of chemoreceptor tissue were found in spontaneously hypertensive rats of Okamoto-Aoki strain (SHR). The purpose of the present study was to answer the question whether the aortic bodies were also enlarged in SHR. However, because aortic bodies, unlike carotid ones, are sensitive to oxygen content another question arose: do aortic bodies undergo hypertrophy in chronic anemia? Twenty-three spontaneously hypertensive rats of Okamoto-Aoki strain (SHR) and 24 normotensive Wistar rats (NCR) were maintained on low-iron food from the age of 3 weeks. In seven 10-week-old anemic SHR regular diet was substituted (transiently anemic SHR). Blood pressure measurements and hemoglobin were measured every second week. The animals were killed at the age of 18 weeks. Light microscopic studies of the carotid and aortic bodies were performed and volumes of chemoreceptor tissues were determined from serial sections. The eight SHR on low-iron diet exhibited lower hemoglobin concentration than their normotensive counterparts. In the anemic SHR blood pressure was lower than in control SHR, whereas blood pressure did not differ between the anemic and control NCR. Restoration of normal values of hemoglobin in the anemic SHR was followed by only a slight increase in blood pressure. The carotid bodies volumes were 2.5-3 times larger in the SHR than in NCR. The volumes of carotid bodies both of the SHR and NCR were influenced neither by blood pressure nor by hemoglobin concentration.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)
Anemia↗
Hypoxic modulation of systolic blood pressure and urinary sodium excretion in spontaneously hypertensive rats after carotid body denervation.
To explore the role of arterial chemoreceptors, the effect of hypobaric hypoxia on urinary sodium excretion and systolic blood pressure was investigated in conscious spontaneously hypertensive rats (SHR) with carotid body denervation (CBD) or after sham-operation (SO). Denervation of the carotid bodies was performed by section of the carotid sinus nerves. Exposure to hypobaric hypoxia equivalent to high altitude of 4000 m led to a more pronounced decrease in systolic blood pressure in CBD-rats than in SO-rats. The pattern of urinary sodium excretion observed on the first two days of hypoxia in both groups was not affected by the chemodenervation. It is being suggested that arterial chemoreceptors do not play a critical role in blood pressure and natriuretic responses to hypobaric hypoxia in conscious SHR.
Aldosterone↗
Effect of hypobaric hypoxia and almitrine on voluntary salt and water intake in carotid body denervated spontaneously hypertensive rats.
The effect of moderate hypobaric hypoxia and almitrine bismesylate (almitrine) on salt and water intake was investigated in carotid body denervated (CBD) and sham-operated (SO) spontaneously hypertensive rats (SHR). The animals were kept singly in metabolic cages and given free access to food, water and a 2.5% NaCl-solution. Oral administration of almitrine and exposure to hypobaric hypoxia for five days evoked a suppression of voluntary salt intake in SO-SHR, but not in CBD-SHR. Exposure of SO and CBD-SHR to hypobaric hypoxia resulted in a significant decrease in water intake in animals of both groups on the first day of hypoxia. Stimulation of the arterial chemoreceptors by almitrine induced no change in water intake similar to that evoked by hypobaric hypoxia. These results prove that stimulation of the arterial chemoreceptors has a direct effect on salt appetite but not on water intake in SHR.
Almitrine↗
The carotid bodies of spontaneously hypertensive rats (SHR) after long-term stimulation by almitrine bismesylate.
The influence of daily oral application of 1.0 mg/kg almitrine bismesylate given from the 17th to the 30th week of age on the carotid bodies of male spontaneously hypertensive rats (SHR) was studied. Neither an enlargement nor histological changes of the carotid bodies were found. The results are compared with findings obtained after exposure of SHR to long-term hypobaric hypoxia and discussed.
Almitrine↗
The paraganglia within the carotid bifurcation regions of young and old spontaneously hypertensive rats (SHR) after exposure to chronic hypobaric hypoxia. II. The carotid body-like organs.
The following paraganglia in the carotid bifurcations regions of spontaneously hypertensive rats (SHR) were studied: Endoneural paraganglia within the external carotid nerve, the carotid sinus nerve, the glossopharyngeal nerve, and the pharyngeal branch of the vagus nerve, the so-called periadventitial type I cells, and so-called miniglomera. Number and distribution of these paraganglia vary among different individuals. After chronically hypobaric hypoxia the volume of these paraganglia was increased but their number remained unchanged. The increase of volume was dependent on the duration of hypoxia. There were no differences between young and old SHR when the hypoxia-time was the same.
Animals↗
The paraganglia within the carotid bifurcation regions of young and old spontaneously hypertensive rats (SHR) after exposure to chronic hypobaric hypoxia. I. The carotid bodies.
Carotid body volumes and the histological appearance of these chemoreceptors were studied using light microscopic methods in 10 groups of spontaneously hypertensive rats (SHR). The aim of this study was to clarify the influence of chronic hypobaric hypoxia on the carotid bodies of SHR depending on the age of the rats, on the duration of exposure to hypoxia, and on different salt intake, respectively different blood pressure. We found that: 1. The carotid bodies of chronically hypoxic SHR are enlarged. 2. The degree of carotid body enlargement is dependent on the duration of exposure to hypoxia. 3. In old SHR the increase of carotid body volume was smaller than in young SHR. 4. Old chronically hypoxic SHR exhibited more distinct vascular changes in the carotid bodies than age-matched normoxic controls as well as younger chronically hypoxic and normoxic SHR. 5. The influence of different levels of systemic arterial blood pressure on the carotid body volumes was rather small compared with the effects of chronic hypobaric hypoxia.
Age Factors↗
A comparison of the blood supply of the carotid body in rats and rabbits.
Light-microscopic findings regarding the arterial blood supply of the carotid bodies in 145 Wistar rats, in 175 spontaneously hypertensive rats (SHR) and in 14 rabbits were compared. In rats, only one glomic artery was found in each of 637 carotid bifurcations. In 2 bifurcations 2 carotid body arteries supplied the glomus caroticum, the glomic artery being of the muscular type. At the origin of the carotid body artery almost regularly intraarterial cushions were observed in rats. They were also demonstrable at the origin of first or second order branches of the glomic artery. Concerning the origin of the carotid body artery as well as presence and form of the intraarterial cushions some differences between the 2 strains of rats studied were detected. In rabbits the glomic artery was of the elastic type. In 2 out of 28 carotid bifurcations 2 carotid body arteries were found. In all other cases the glomus caroticum was supplied by one artery only. The glomic artery did not terminate in the glomus caroticum in rats as well as in rabbits. Many similarities between the light-microscopic picture of the internal carotid artery and the carotid body artery were observed in rabbits. Therefore a baroreceptor function of the glomic artery seems to be possible.
Animals↗
Effect of almitrine on renal sodium excretion in chemoreceptor denervated spontaneously hypertensive rats.
The effect of almitrine on urinary sodium excretion was investigated in conscious carotid body-, sino-aortic- and sham-denervated SHR. The animals were kept singly in metabolic cages and had free access to food and tap water. Oral application of almitrine (0.5 mg/kg bwt) during five days induced a twofold natriuresis in sham-operated rats. The first natriuretic response on the fourth day of almitrine treatment was observed in animals of all groups indicating that this effect is not chemoreceptor mediated. The second natriuresis seen on the sixth day of the post-treatment period in both sino-aortic and sham-operated SHR but not in the carotid-body denervated rats does not permit clear conclusions to be drawn. We tend to assume that the natriuretic action of almitrine is not chemoreceptor mediated in conscious SHR.
Almitrine↗
The carotid bodies of hypertensive/normotensive hybrid rats.
The carotid bodies of F1- and F2-hybrids of spontaneously hypertensive rats of the Okamoto-Aoki strain (SHR) and normotensive Wistar rats (NWR) were studied. Both the F1- and the F2-generation exhibited an elevated mean arterial blood pressure. In the F1-hybrids smaller carotid bodies and fewer intraglomic vascular changes, but higher mean arterial blood pressure than in the F2-hybrids were found. In both groups there was no correlation between carotid body size and the occurrence of intraglomic vessel alterations. In general, vascular changes were less developed than in age-matched SHR. It is concluded that in SHR/NWR F1- and F2-hybrids the development of carotid body enlargement is not only dependent on an elevated blood pressure or the presence of intraglomic pad-like vascular alterations.
Animals↗
A comparison of carotid body volumes in normotensive Wistar rats (NWR), Wistar Kyoto rats (WKY) and spontaneously hypertensive rats (SHR).
The carotid body volumes of male spontaneously hypertensive rats (SHR), Wistar Kyoto rats (WKY) and random-bred normotensive Wistar rats (NWR) were compared at the age of 16-18 weeks. SHR exhibited significantly greater absolute and relative carotid body volumes (CBV) than WKY or NWR. Furthermore, the absolute and relative CBV in WKY was also significantly bigger than in NWR. The same differences were found regarding the mean arterial blood pressure. The mean arterial blood pressure was significantly correlated with the logarithmic values of both the absolute and the relative CBV in SHR, WKY and NWR. These findings were compared with the results of other hypertensive rat models. It can be concluded that in hypertensive rats the CBV is likely to be dependent on the strain studied and independent of the blood pressure level or the expression of intraglomic vascular alterations.
Animals↗
The carotid bodies of spontaneously hypertensive rats after long-term antihypertensive treatment with propranolol.
The influence of a chronic blood pressure lowering on carotid body morphology and volume was studied in spontaneously hypertensive rats (SHR). Oral propranolol, a beta-adrenergic blocking agent, was administered beginning 3 weeks after conception up to 18 weeks of the litters. At the end of the experiment the blood pressure was significantly lower in the treated animals. These rats exhibited fewer vascular alterations in their carotid bodies. The carotid body volumes and the relationship of glomic cells, the blood vessels including endothelial cells, and the connective tissue in the carotid bodies did not differ between treated and non-treated rats. It can be concluded that long-term blood pressure lowering by propranolol in SHR does not influence carotid body volume increase.
Animals↗
Blood pressure, heart rate and arterial blood gas reactions to acute hypoxia in carotid body denervated spontaneously hypertensive rats.
The role of the peripheral arterial chemoreceptors in the reflex control of respiration and the cardiovascular systems was studied in spontaneously hypertensive rats (SHR). In carotid body denervated and in sham-operated control rats mean arterial blood pressure, heart rate, respiratory rate and arterial blood gases were measured under normoxic conditions and in acute normobaric hypoxia. Under normoxia the carotid body denervated SHR differ from the sham-operated ones only in significantly lowered arterial pO2 and pH and in significantly increased pCO2 values. The carotid body denervated SHR react to acute hypoxia with a significantly smaller increase in respiratory rate, a more pronounced fall in the arterial pO2 and a greater decrease in mean arterial blood pressure than the sham-operated control rats. Our results suggest that carotid body chemoreceptors in SHR are of great importance in regulating respiration but of secondary consequence regarding the reflex control of the cardiovascular system.
Animals↗
Blood volume and carotid body size responses in spontaneously hypertensive rats during chronic treatment with hypobaric hypoxia or almitrine bismesylate.
The influence of chronic stimulation of the peripheral arterial chemoreceptors on plasma and red cell volumes and on carotid body volume was studied in spontaneously hypertensive rats (SHR). The animals were exposed to chronic hypobaric hypoxia or a chronic treatment with almitrine bismesylate from the 17th to the 30th week of life. At the end of the experiment the plasma volume was significantly lower in chronic hypobaric and almitrine-treated animals; the red cell volume was significantly higher in chronic hypoxic SHR only. The carotid body volume was also higher only in chronic hypoxic animals. It can be concluded that long-term stimulation of the peripheral arterial chemoreceptors influences the adjustment of the plasma volume.
Adaptation, Physiological↗
The carotid bodies of renal hypertensive rats.
The carotid bodies of renal hypertensive rats (one kidney wrap model) were studied by light-microscopic and morphometric methods. Rats with established hypertension showed massive intraglomic vascular alterations, such as exudation of plasma, subendothelial fibrinoid deposits and fibrinoid necroses of the intima and media. Additionally a granuloma-like perivascular proliferation of fibroblasts and histiocytes was seen. The total carotid body volume was enlarged but the volume of the specific glomic tissue was reduced in comparison with normotensive controls. In rats with borderline hypertension similar pathological changes were found but in a more reduced extension. Additionally in these rats some intraglomic vessels showed an accumulation of acid mucopolysaccharides and an hyperplasia of mediocytes. Rats with such vessel alterations also exhibited a small enlargement of specific glomic tissue. In general the pathological changes of the carotid bodies in renal hypertensive rats are different in comparison with those in the glomera carotici of rats with spontaneous hypertension (SHR, GH rats). This study suggests that an elevated blood pressure does not solely cause an increment of the specific chemoreceptive tissue mass of the carotid bodies.
Animals↗
Carotid body volumes of spontaneously hypertensive rats (SHR) growing up in hypobaric hypoxia.
Chronically hypoxic spontaneously hypertensive rats (SHR) developed 4-5 times bigger carotid bodies in relation to age-matched normoxic control SHR. When compared with the effects of chronic hypoxic hypoxia the influences of different levels of the systemic arterial blood pressure on carotid body volume were rather small. The data indicate that the carotid bodies of young SHR react to chronic arterial hypoxia in the same way as the glomera carotici of normotensive Wistar rats.
Altitude↗
[Cloverleaf skull deformity with thanatophoric dysplasia in the 24th week of pregnancy].
A case of cloverleaf skull anomaly with thanatophoric dysplasia could be examined pathologico-anatomically in the age of 24 weeks of gestation. There were typical radiological and morphological signs of a mild form of thanatophoric dysplasia. Additionally a cloverleaf skull anomaly with premature fusion of sutures and a disturbed ossification without any signs of haemangiomatosis of the desmocranium was found. A hydrocephalus was not demonstrable.
Bone and Bones↗
[Bilateral dorsal elastofibroma].
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Connective Tissue↗