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Biomedical subjects

J O Naim

Publications and source records attributed to J O Naim.

At least 55 records · Page 3Linked to original sources
PubMed1987

The influence of hands-on laser training on usage of the CO2 laser.

A questionnaire was distributed to all participants in the Rochester General Hospital CO2 laser training workshops for surgeons (1982 to January 1985). The results of this study indicate that, while laser training is necessary prior to being able to use the laser, only a small fraction of trainees actually use the laser in their clinical practice. Surgeons who are using the laser do so in a minority of their cases. New incentives for laser usage must be investigated.

Education, Medical, Continuing↗
PubMed1987

Effect of hematoporphyrin derivative 2 on estrogen receptors in experimental mammary tumors.

This study reports the effect of hematoporphyrin derivative 2 (HPD2) on estrogen receptors (ER) in the animal model used to develop the clinical ER assay. Fifty 200-g female Sprague-Dawley rats were given 20 mg of dimethylbenzanthracene by gastric intubation. Spontaneous mammary tumors occurred in 35 animals. Animals were anesthetized and 50% of each tumor was removed when the tumors were 2 cm in diameter. Animals were then randomized to receive 5 mg/kg (group A), 10 mg/kg (group B), or 0 mg/kg (group C) HPD2 intravenously 48 hours after biopsy. The remaining tumor was excised 48 hours post HPD2 injection. All samples were weighed, placed on ice, and frozen to -70 degrees C. ER assay was performed by batch run. Results (fmol/mg cytosol) were as follows: All animals (n = 35) pre HPD2 34.2 +/- 5.4, post HPD2 34.2 +/- 5.8; group A: (n = 11) pre HPD2 33.9 +/- 7.9, post HPD2 37.1 +/- 7.8; group B: (n = 13) pre HPD2 29.2 +/- 3.8, post HPD2 25.5 +/- 3.6; group C: (n = 11) pre HPD2 40.3 +/- 5.2, post HPD2 41.5 +/- 7.9. HPD2 does not affect ER in this animal model. Confirmatory studies with human tumor material must be completed.

9,10-Dimethyl-1,2-benzanthracene↗
PubMed1987

The identification of serum tuftsin by reverse-phase high-performance liquid chromatography and mass spectrometry.

We describe for the first time a method for unambiguously identifying the phagocytic stimulating tetrapeptide tuftsin from trypsinized human serum. The method consists of separating serum tuftsin by reverse-phase (RP)-HPLC, collecting HPLC fractions corresponding to the synthetic tuftsin retention time, and then subjecting those fractions to mass spectrometry/mass spectrometry (MS/MS) analysis, which provides optimal molecular specificity to the measurement. Although quantification was not the goal, it was estimated that the amount of tuftsin found by RP-HPLC and MS/MS was in the hundreds of nanograms per milliliter.

Chromatography, High Pressure Liquid↗
PubMed1986

The effect of CO2 laser excision on local tumor recurrence.

This study was undertaken to determine the effect of CO2 laser surgery on the incidence of local recurrence following tumor recurrence and to study the effect of "sterilization" of the operative site on this phenomenon. Sixty Fisher 344 rats were implanted with R323OAC mammary carcinoma. Animals were anesthetized with intraperitoneal pentobarbital, and all tumors were completely excised at 21 days postimplantation. The animals were randomized into groups of 12 as follows: Group S underwent excision with the scalpel. Group E underwent excision with electrocautery (Bovie, Valley Labs, Boulder, CO). Group L and LV underwent excision with the Sharplan 733 CO2 laser (Laser Industries, Israel) (TEMoo, 125-mm handpiece, 25-W continuous wave). Group LV wounds were then "sterilized" by using the laser defocused to a 5-mm spot size and gently heating the site without producing blanching or charring of the tissues. Primary tumor size was 2.0 +/- 0.5 cm and was similar in all groups. Animals were observed for recurrence for 33 days postoperatively. Mortalities were excluded from analysis. Tumors recurred in 7/9 (78%) in group S, 5/11 (45%) in group E, 4/10 (40%) in group L, and only 1/12 (8%) in group LV. All results are significant at P less than 0.05. The CO2 laser is an effective surgical adjunct to reduce local tumor seeding and recurrence. This effect is enhanced by "sterilizing" the surgical site with the defocused laser beam.

Animals↗
PubMed1986

Hematoporphyrin derivative fluorescence: photographic techniques for the localization of malignant tissue.

Three simple methods for the detection of malignancy by the photography of hematoporphyrin derivative (HPD) fluorescence are presented. Two methods employ a single lens reflex camera with macrolens and Kodak high-speed Ektachrome (EL 400) film. Both employ a Corning Glass #3482 filter as a barrier on the lens. In method I, a single Kodak Wratten #39 filter is placed over a fluorescent "black light" source (two General Electric F20T12BL 20-W bulbs). In method II, twin electronic flash units (5,500 BCPS unfiltered) with a double thickness of Kodak Wratten #39 filter over them provide the light of excitation. Method III employs an adapted Polaroid SLR 680E Sun camera with two electronic flash units (5,500 BCPS, total unfiltered) rigged with a slave trigger. A Corning Glass #3482 filter is placed on the lens to act as a barrier, and two filters of Kodak Wratten #39 glass are placed on each flash unit. Photographs are taken in a darkened room.

Animals↗
PubMed1986

Reduction of local tumor recurrence by excision with the CO2 laser.

This study was undertaken to determine the effect of CO2 laser surgery on the incidence of local recurrence following tumor resection. Thirty female Fisher 344 rats were implanted with R3230AC mammary carcinoma. All tumors were completely excised 18-21 days post-implantation. In 15 animals, the resection was done with a scalpel. Fifteen animals underwent laser excision with the Sharplan 733 CO2 laser (TEMoo, 125 mm handpiece, 25W continuous wave). Primary tumor size was 17.6 +/- 1.4 mm in the scalpel group and 21.2 +/- 6.3 mm in the laser group. Tumor recurred in 14/15 (93.4%) of the scalpel group and 5/15 (33.3%) of the laser group (p less than 0.001). The site of recurrence was incisional in 13/15 (86.7%) of the scalpel group and 3/15 (20%) of the laser group (p less than 0.001). Axillary metastases occurred in 2/15 (13.3%) in each group. The disease-free interval was 26 days in the laser group and 12 days in the scalpel group. The CO2 laser is an effective surgical adjunct to reduce local tumor seeding and recurrence.

Animals↗
PubMed1986

The effect of site and technique of splenic tissue reimplantation on pneumococcal clearance from the blood.

The technique and site of reimplantation of splenic tissue influences survival of laboratory animals following intravenous injection of pneumococci. Splenic tissue was prepared by slicing, mincing, or grating the spleen. The tissue was placed subcutaneously, intraperitoneally, retroperitoneally, or in an omental pouch. This study was designed to determine the rate of pneumococcal clearance from the blood stream 16 weeks following splenic reimplantation by four different methods. All animals were challenged with an intravenous 1 mL bolus containing 10(7) bacteria. The New Zealand white rabbits were divided into six groups: intact spleen; splenectomized; spleen slices in an omental pouch; minced spleen in an omental pouch; splenic tissue implanted subcutaneously; and bits of spleen dropped into the peritoneal cavity. Animals with an intact spleen and those with spleen slices implanted into an omental pouch cleared bacteria during the first hour and all bacteria had disappeared at three hours. Bacteremia persisted longer than three hours in the other groups. Splenic tissue had regenerated in all animals with omental pouch implants, in four of six with minced spleen dropped into the peritoneal cavity but in only one with a subcutaneous implant. Reimplanted splenic tissue clears pneumococci from the blood stream best when thin slices of spleen are placed in an omental pouch. This technique also assures successful regeneration of splenic tissue.

Animals↗
PubMed1985

Streamlined fluorescein photography.

A simple, accurate inexpensive method for obtaining Polaroid pictures after the intravenous injection of fluorescein is presented. The method relies on an interference filter system and modifications permitting the use of high speed film. The resultant photographic images are equivalent to the ultraviolet light fluorescence. The photographs may be used as either a diagnostic tool or for documentation purposes.

Fluorescein↗
PubMed1983

A method for documentation of tissue perfusion using instant photography.

Two techniques for obtaining Polaroid pictures of tissue after the injection of fluorescein intravenously are presented. A rabbit small intestinal volvulus model was used to determine the accuracy of the techniques. Both methods are simple, accurate and relatively inexpensive, and immediate and permanent documentation is provided. While both methods provide results equivalent or superior to ultraviolet light fluorescence, the interference filter method produced brighter fluorescence and the results were more easily interpreted. Both methods can be performed by inexperienced personnel.

Animals↗
PubMed1982

Protection against pneumococcal sepsis in splenectomized rats by implantation of splenic tissue into an omental pouch.

Clinical and laboratory studies have documented high susceptibility to pneumococcal infection in asplenic humans and animals. Surgeons have stressed the need to preserve the spleen when possible to maintain host resistance. It has been suggested that autotransplantation of splenic tissue might be a method of providing host resistance when total splenectomy is necessary. However, previous studies of rats have failed to demonstrate any protective effect of autotransplanted spleen. This study evaluates the effect of splenic autotransplantation into the omental pouch on pneumococcal infections in rats. Healthy, young Sprague-Dawley rats were divided into three groups of 40 each. Group I served as anesthetized sham-operated controls. Group II had a splenectomy. Group III had a splenectomy with autotransplantation of two slices of spleen 3 mm thick into surgically created omental pouches. Sixteen weeks after surgery, all animals were inoculated with Streptococcus pneumoniae type 25 in a dose of 2 X 10(7) (LD50 for splenectomized rats). Fourteen days after inoculation, all group III survivors were killed and the transplants were removed for examination. Group I had 100% survival rate following bacterial inoculation. There was a significant difference in survival rate between group II (56%) and group III (89%) (P less than 0.001). Pathologic examination of group III demonstrated hyperplastic regeneration of splenic tissue within the omental pouch. Rats bearing reimplanted splenic tissue in an omental pouch were protected against pneumococcal peritonitis.

Animals↗
PubMedDate not supplied

The effect of anti-tuftsin antibody on the phagocytosis of bacteria by human neutrophils.

Tuftsin (Thr-Lys-Pro-Arg) is a naturally occurring tetrapeptide which stimulates most known functions of the polymorphonuclear and mononuclear phagocytic cell lines. Although tuftsin is a well characterized bioactive peptide, the exact physiological role tuftsin plays remains unclear. Specific mouse anti-tuftsin antiserum generated in our laboratory, is now available for phagocytosis inhibition studies. Monolayers of human neutrophils were prepared on glass coverslips from a few drops of finger prick blood obtained from a single healthy donor. The monolayers were treated with and without mouse anti-tuftsin antiserum at dilutions of 1:1000 or 1:2000. Exogenous tuftsin (1 microgram/ml) was also added with and without antibody. Treated and untreated neutrophils were subsequently incubated with unopsonized Staphylococcus aureus. The proportion of cells accomplishing phagocytosis (phagocytic index) and the number of bacteria engulfed per cell (avidity index) were recorded. The results showed that exogenous tuftsin increased phagocytosis while the addition of mouse anti-tuftsin antiserum at a 1:1000 dilution inhibited phagocytosis both with and without exogenous tuftsin. This effect was diminished by the antiserum at the 1:2000 dilution. This study reaffirms that tuftsin plays an important physiological role in phagocytosis.

Amino Acid Sequence↗