Biomedical subjects

J Odink

Publications and source records attributed to J Odink.

At least 19 recordsLinked to original sources

PubMed1992

[Comparison of antibody titers against Aujeszky's disease virus in pig blood collected on the farm and in the slaughterhouse].

Antibody titres against Aujeszky's disease virus (ADV) in the plasma of slaughter pigs were compared with respect to the site of sampling, namely on the farm (one day before delivery to the slaughterhouse) and in the slaughterhouse during slaughter. No significant differences were noted in the antibody titres against ADV with respect to the different sampling sites. Blood samples collected at the slaughterhouse can be used for monitoring and surveillance systems within the framework of organised pig health care.

Abattoirs↗

PubMed1992

Blood flow velocities in the vertebrobasilar system during migraine attacks--a transcranial Doppler study.

In this study, blood flow velocity in the basilar artery and both vertebral and middle cerebral arteries was measured with a transcranial Doppler device in 23 migraineurs during and outside a migraine attack. The aim of the study was to compare blood flow velocities during and outside an attack and to examine vascular reactivity to voluntary hyperventilation during both conditions. No differences in blood flow velocity were found. Although blood pressure was increased and end-expiratory CO2 decreased during the attack, this exerted no influence on blood flow velocity. Neither was a difference in vascular reactivity to voluntary hyperventilation detected between the two conditions. These findings support the notion of functional integrity of the examined large arteries during migraine attacks without aura.

Adult↗

PubMed1992

Marginal nutritional status among institutionalized elderly women as compared to those living more independently (Dutch Nutrition Surveillance System).

The nutritional status (assessed by anthropometric indices, and biochemical and hematological variables in blood) of three groups of elderly women (aged > or = 65 years) was evaluated within the framework of the Dutch Nutrition Surveillance System. The groups were composed of women living in a nursing home (n = 51), women living in service flats and receiving their dinners from the nursing home kitchen (n = 29), and women living independently (n = 52). Mean blood levels of folate, pyridoxal 5'-phosphate, 25-hydroxyvitamin D, alpha-tocopherol, vitamin C, albumin, selenium and total cholesterol were significantly (p < 0.05) lower among nursing home women. Among these women a biochemical deficiency was frequently found for 25-hydroxyvitamin D (73%), pyridoxal 5'-phosphate (57%), vitamin C (38%), selenium (30%) and folate (28%). These nutritional risks were largely independent of each other. Since folate and pyridoxal 5'-phosphate were associated with several clinicochemical indicators, health status may be an important determining factor for this unfavorable situation. Low 25-hydroxyvitamin D concentrations were associated with limited exposure to ultraviolet radiation and nonusage of vitamin D supplements. We conclude that dietary intake variables are not the only determinants of a marginal nutritional status among nursing home women. Use of foods with a high nutrient density should be encouraged, whereas other preventive measures are needed to improve vitamin D status.

Aged↗

PubMed1992

Relationship between pathological findings and values of haematological and blood-chemistry variables in apparently healthy finishing pigs at slaughter.

The present study was performed to study possibilities of early decision making for appropriate conveyor-line at future slaughtering of normal, clinically healthy finishing pigs. Blood was collected at slaughter from barrows (n = 112). A meticulous examination for subclinical pathological lesions was performed, revealing 5 groups of subjects listed in order of increasing disease-activity: 1--no real disease-activity; 2--with mild subchronic lesions; 3--with subacute lesions; 4--with abscesses; and 5--with fibrinous-necrotic lesions. Significant differences for values of erythrocyte sedimentation rate (ESR), protein, albumin, globulins, and plasma viscosity appeared to occur in this series. It is suggested that measuring acute phase reactants in blood of slaughtered pigs in the near future may reveal appropriate modern tools for meat inspection and predicting slaughtered animal quality.

Abattoirs↗

PubMed1992

Indicators of iodine status among adults. Dutch Nutrition Surveillance System.

To evaluate the iodine status of Dutch adults we used three different iodine status indicators, namely urinary 24-hour iodide excretion (I/24 h), iodide/creatinine ratio in 24-hour urine samples (I/Cr) and 24-hour iodide excretion per kilogram body weight (I/kg). Additionally, the habitual daily iodine intake was calculated. Men had higher mean I/24 h and mean iodine intake than women. No differences between men and women were found for mean I/Cr and mean I/kg. Relatively high (greater than or equal to 18%) prevalences of low values for the different iodine status indicators were found, especially for I/24 h. The intraindividual variance for all three indicators was high. Risk assessment regarding iodine supply, based on urinary iodide excretion, depends on the indicator used, and therefore caution is called for when drawing conclusions. Our results do not argue against the usage of I/24 h as iodine status indicator. More research is needed to solve the question whether iodine requirement depends on such factors as body size, body composition and physical activity.

Adult↗

PubMed1992

Hematocrit and cardiovascular risk factors among elderly men and women (Dutch Nutrition Surveillance System).

Changes in whole blood viscosity associated with hematocrit could be one of the pathways along which the cardiovascular disease (CVD) risk factors affect these diseases. Therefore, we studied in a nationwide survey comprising 514 apparently healthy Dutch elderly men and women aged 65-79 the possibility of any association between hematocrit and CVD risk factors (tobacco smoking, serum cholesterol, body mass index and blood pressure). Among men, diastolic blood pressure and total serum cholesterol were positively associated with hematocrit in both bivariate and multivariate regression analysis, whereas positive associations of hematocrit with body mass index and smoking were only significant (p < 0.05) in bivariate analysis. Among women, hematocrit was positively associated with body mass index and smoking. Except for smoking, which was associated with the mean corpuscular volume of the erythrocytes, hematocrit was positively correlated with hemoglobin and the number of erythrocytes. It is concluded that hemorrheological aspects should be considered when studying CVD among elderly people.

Aged↗

PubMed1992

Iodide excretion before and after revision of goiter prophylaxis (Dutch Nutrition Surveillance System).

To assess the iodine supply in The Netherlands after the revision of the goiter prophylaxis measures (Bread Act of 1982, with an increase of iodine content of bread salt) the data of a nationwide survey among Dutch elderly people conducted in 1984/1985 were analysed. Iodide excretion in 24 h urine samples was used as the main iodine status indicator. The data were compared with data on iodine nutriture obtained among an elderly population in The Netherlands before the revision of goiter prophylaxis. High prevalences (greater than or equal to 37%) of low iodine excretion (less than 0.78 mumol/24 h; 100 micrograms/24 h) were found for Dutch elderly people. Mean urinary iodide excretion was 0.95 mumol/24 h (121 micrograms/24 h) for men and 0.79 mumol/24 h (100 micrograms/24 h) for women which is low, especially among women, in comparison with the United States recommended dietary allowance (118 mumol/day = 150 micrograms/day). Consistent positive associations of iodide excretion were found with urinary potassium and sodium excretion, bread consumption and total iodine intake. Bread, as the iodine carrier chosen for goiter prophylaxis in The Netherlands, was found to be the main dietary iodine source. No improvement in iodine nutrition was found among the elderly studied in 1984/1985 in comparison with an elderly population seen in 1981. Therefore, it is concluded that the present measures regarding goiter prophylaxis in The Netherlands might be of limited effectiveness.

Aged↗

PubMed1991

Simultaneous measurement of serotonin and 5-hydroxyindoleacetic acid in rat brain using a liquid chromatographic method with electrochemical detection.

A simple and sensitive method for the simultaneous measurement of 5-hydroxytryptamine and its main metabolite 5-hydroxyindoleacetic acid in rat brain is described. Brain tissue samples were only deproteinated and, without further extraction, were injected directly onto a high-performance liquid chromatography column and detected electrochemically. The detection limit for 5-hydroxytryptamine and 5-hydroxyindoleacetic acid was 16 and 8 g per injection, respectively. Within 8 min, the total separation of 5-hydroxytryptamine and 5-hydroxyindoleacetic acid is achieved. With this method over 100 analyses can be performed in a single working day. Brain samples from young and old, male and female Brown Norway rats were analysed for indoles by this method. The ratio 5-hydroxytryptamine 5-hydroxyindoleacetic acid, an index for serotonin turnover, showed significant differences between age groups and genders in the cortex, and a significant difference between genders in the hypothalamus.

Aging↗

PubMed1991

Blood flow velocity changes in migraine attacks--a transcranial Doppler study.

A pulsed Doppler device was used to measure blood flow velocities in the common carotid artery, the extracranial part of the internal carotid artery, the external carotid artery, the middle cerebral artery, and the anterior cerebral artery in 31 migraineurs without aura (n = 27) and with aura (n = 4), both during and outside an attack. The aims were to compare blood flow velocity during and between migraine attacks and to study asymmetries of the blood flow velocity. Compared with blood flow velocity values obtained in the attack-free interval, blood flow velocity was lower during attacks without aura in both common carotid arteries, but not in the other extra- and intracranial vessels which were examined. However, during attacks of migraine with aura, blood flow velocity tended to be lower in all examined vessels. There were no asymmetries of the blood flow velocity. We suggest that during migraine attacks without aura there is a dissociation in blood flow regulation in the common carotid and middle cerebral arteries.

Adolescent↗

PubMed1991

Changes in haematological and clinicochemical profiles in blood of apparently healthy slaughter pigs, collected at the farm and at slaughter, in relation to the severity of pathological-anatomical lesions.

Differences in haematological and clinicochemical profiles of blood of apparently healthy slaughter pigs collected at the farm and at slaughter were investigated in relation to the severity of pathological-anatomical lesions. For this purpose blood-samples of castrated male pigs were collected once at seven different farms and from the same pigs one to three days later at the slaughterhouse. In general, as far as the investigated blood variables are concerned, there were distinct and significant differences in the mean values between farm and slaughter blood-samples. As a rule the mean values of the investigated blood variables were higher in the slaughter blood than in the farm blood. The effects are most pronounced for leucocyte concentration and for the activity of the enzymes creatine kinase (CK), lactate dehydrogenase (LDH), aspartate aminotransferase (AST) and gamma-glutamyltransferase (gamma-GT). For the blood variables albumin, lymphocytes and magnesium there were significant, but not so strong interactions between the sites of blood-sampling and the groups, which were classified according to the severity of pathological-anatomical lesions. Despite the fact that there were significant differences in the mean values of blood profiles of the slaughter pigs between the sites of blood sampling, this effect was only manifest as a difference in the level of the values of the blood variables. This means that clinicochemical and haematological profiles from groups of pigs at slaughter reflect the herd's health status at the farm and can be used when monitoring it.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)

Abattoirs↗

PubMed1991

Nutrition and blood pressure among elderly men and women (Dutch Nutrition Surveillance System).

Associations between blood pressure and nutrition-related variables (body mass index, dietary intake, and 24-hr excretion of sodium, potassium, magnesium, and calcium in the urine) were investigated in men (n = 138) and women (n = 117) 65-79 years old not using drugs known to affect blood pressure and not on a diet. Among men, body mass index was positively and creatinine clearance was inversely associated with systolic blood pressure, whereas body mass index and urinary sodium:potassium ratio were positively associated with diastolic blood pressure. Among women, both age and urinary calcium:creatinine ratio were positively associated with systolic as well as diastolic blood pressure. Coffee consumption was positively correlated with blood pressure and urinary calcium:creatinine ratio among the women. From the results it appears that, besides "normal" weight, increased potassium intake and urinary excretion may exert a protective effect among elderly men against hypertension when sodium exposure is relatively high. The positive association between urinary calcium:creatinine ratio and blood pressure among the women may be partly due to coffee consumption.

Aged↗

PubMed1991

Nutrition and serum cholesterol levels among elderly men and women (Dutch Nutrition Surveillance System).

Associations of serum cholesterol with relevant dietary intake variables (assessed with the dietary history method) and body mass index were investigated in elderly men (n = 199) and women (n = 180) 65-79 years old. All subjects were apparently healthy, nondiabetic, and not on a dietary regimen. The associations were studied separately for men and women using linear regression analysis and all possible subsets regression analysis. Among men, body mass index (kg/m2) and intake of monounsaturated fat and of alcohol were positively and consistently associated with serum total cholesterol. Among women, intake of alcohol and of saturated fat were positively associated, and intake of polysaccharides was inversely associated with serum total cholesterol. The intake of monounsaturated fatty acids was highly (r greater than .60) positively correlated with the intake of total fat and saturated fatty acids, and inversely with carbohydrates. HDL-cholesterol was positively associated with alcohol intake (significant for men only), and inversely with body mass index (women). The results indicate that the effect of dietary factors on serum cholesterol levels is probably not age-limited. Elderly people may potentially benefit from weight reduction or control, moderate alcohol consumption, and avoidance of too much dietary fat. These suggestions are in fair accordance with general population-based guidelines for a healthy diet. However, as our study was cross-sectional, causation as well as the public health impact remains to be proven.

Aged↗

PubMed1991

Vascular reactivity during migraine attacks: a transcranial Doppler study.

We measured vascular reactivity--expressed i) as decrease in blood flow velocity (cm/sec) per vol% CO2 decrease due to voluntary hyperventilation and ii) as increase of blood flow velocity during the first minute after resuming normal ventilation, per vol% CO2 increase--in the middle cerebral and basilar artery of 48 migraineurs with attacks without aura, and 17 normal controls. We found no differences for both determinants of vascular reactivity between migraineurs during and outside an attack, and between migraineurs and healthy volunteers. We conclude that the vasomotor reactivity is normal during migraine attacks without aura.

Adult↗

PubMed1990

Serum uric acid correlates in elderly men and women with special reference to body composition and dietary intake (Dutch Nutrition Surveillance System).

In 460 apparently healthy Dutch elderly, aged 65-79 years, serum uric acid correlates were studied by linear regression analyses, for men and women separately. Diuretic therapy, total serum cholesterol (women only) and creatinine clearance (in bivariate analysis only) were significantly associated with serum uric acid level. Positive associations of serum uric acid with body weight, body mass index, body fatness (men) and lean body mass (men) were observed, with and without adjustment for diuretic therapy, creatinine clearance and age. Serum uric acid levels, whether adjusted or not for these variables and for body mass index, were positively associated with alcohol intake (men) and consumption of meat and fish (women), and inversely with consumption of bread, margarine and milk products (women). These results indicate that limited medication with diuretics, weight control and restriction of alcohol use may help to prevent hyperuricemia in the elderly.

Aged↗

PubMed1990

Atrial natriuretic peptide and chronic renal effects of changes in dietary protein and sodium intake in man.

1. Plasma levels of atrial natriuretic peptide and several other hormones were measured and related to the renal responses to chronic changes in the dietary intake of protein and sodium, alone and in combination. Eight healthy subjects consumed four diets for 1 week: a basal diet containing 140 mmol of sodium/day and 1 g of protein day-1 kg-1, the same diet with isocaloric addition of 1 g of meat protein day-1 kg-1, the basal diet with addition of 170 mmol of sodium chloride/day and the basal diet with both additions. 2. Creatinine clearance was increased significantly both by protein and, to a smaller extent, by sodium. Plasma atrial natriuretic peptide and the urinary excretion of guanosine 3':5'-cyclic monophosphate were increased significantly by sodium but were not affected by protein. Protein induced a significant rise in plasma glucagon levels, whereas the rise in somatomedin C (insulin-like growth factor I) just failed to reach statistical significance. 3. These findings demonstrate that atrial natriuretic peptide does not mediate chronic protein-induced hyperfiltration, although it may contribute to the renal effects of sodium. Glucagon and somatomedin C (insulin-like growth factor I) may have contributed to chronic protein-induced hyperfiltration.

Adult↗

PubMed1990

Haematology and blood-chemistry for predicting abscesses and other abnormalities in slaughtered pigs.

Blood values of slaughtered pigs were determined in an attempt to relate the blood profile with the prevalence of abscesses. To this end 319 pigs were selected and grouped into classes on the basis of pathological ante- and post-mortem findings. The classes thus distinguished were (i) no pathology, (ii) pleurisy or pneumonia and (iii) abscesses occurring singly, metastasised or in combination with other abnormalities. By stepwise discriminant analysis it was established that the blood variables ln(fibrinogen) and albumin were particularly suitable for the detection of abscesses in slaughtered pigs. In this way a correct classification of 89.3% of affected pigs is possible. The numbers of false-positives and false-negatives were 19.3% and 10.7%, respectively. For meat-inspection purposes application of blood analyses is promising. For application in meat-inspection practice rapid on-line methods need to be devised.

Abattoirs↗

PubMed1990

Nutrition and aging: nutritional status of "apparently healthy" elderly (Dutch nutrition surveillance system).

In a nationwide survey the nutritional status was assessed of 539 apparently healthy, independently living elderly aged 65-79 years. Anthropometric data showed no energy deficits. The prevalence of anemia was 4 and 1% among men and women, respectively. Many elderly showed a low level of 25-hydroxyvitamin D in plasma (less than 31 nmol/L: men 35%; women 43%), indicating a marginal status. Although the prevalence of low blood levels of folate, pyridoxal-5'-phosphate, and total carotenoids was higher among the elderly than among younger adults, clear (clinical) signs of nutritional deficiencies were not observed. Prevalence of obesity (13%), hypercholesterolemia (38%), and hypertension (63%) was found to be high, the percentages being higher for women than for men. Several indicators of the nutritional status appeared to differ among age groups. It is concluded that few differences can be considered as being due to physiological aging, which finding should be reflected in reference values for elderly people.

Age Factors↗

PubMed1990

Long-term effects of a vegetarian diet on the nutritional status of elderly people (Dutch Nutrition Surveillance System).

The health and nutritional status (anthropometry, and blood and urine biochemistry) of 44 Dutch apparently healthy vegetarians, aged 65-97 years, refraining from meat, fish, and poultry consumption, was assessed for insight into long-term consequences of ovo-lacto- or lacto-vegetarianism. The results indicate that in comparison to omnivorous elderly the vegetarian elderly (especially men) have aged successfully with respect to cardiovascular risk factors. In contrast, vegetarian elderly are at a higher risk for a marginal iron, zinc, and vitamin B12 status. Although several vegetarian elderly showed low levels of 25-hydroxyvitamin D in plasma and many had low values of 24-hr urine volume (per kg body weight), these values are not likely the result of a vegetarian diet per se. It is concluded that, although some nutrition-related risks are prevalent among vegetarian elderly, these risks can probably be prevented by lifestyle changes.

25-Hydroxyvitamin D 2↗