Biomedical subjects

J Ohta

Publications and source records attributed to J Ohta.

At least 73 records · Page 4Linked to original sources

PubMed1995

Early mucosal gastric cancer with lymph node metastasis.

From 1976 to 1992, a total of 358 cases of mucosal early gastric cancer (m-cancer) were treated by resection in the First Department of Surgery, Kurume University Hospital. Eight (2.2%) of these 358 cases of m-cancer were associated with lymph node metastasis. In these 358 cases, the mean diameter of the tumor was 2.75 cm, and the mean age was 59.6 years. In the 8 cases of m-cancer with positive lymph node metastasis (n(+)), the mean diameter was 5.2 cm and the mean age was 51.6 years. Seven (87.5%) out of the 8 cases of m-cancer with n(+) were IIc macroscopic cancer type and were associated with ulcer and/or ulcer scar.

Adenocarcinoma↗

PubMed1995

Resected early gastric cancer--clinicopathological studies on 610 cases.

A total of 610 cases of early gastric cancer were studied, retrospectively. Of these, 541 (88.7%) cases were single and 62 (10.1%) cases were multiple cancers. Lymph node metastasis occurred in 11.2% of the elevated, in 8.2% of the depressed and in 15.1% of the mixed type. There was no lymph node metastasis when a mucosal or submucosal cancer was less than 10 mm in diameter. By contrast, in the cases in which the preoperative diagnosis was suspected advanced cancer, the incidence of lymph node metastasis was high, at 33%. Therefore, when the preoperative diagnosis is advanced cancer, standard radical gastrectomy and/or extended radical gastrectomy should be selected even though they are found to be early gastric cancer. The age-corrected 5-year survival rate was 98.5% in the cases with no lymph node metastasis and 93.0% in the cases with lymph node metastasis (p > 0.05). The 5-year survival rate was 100% in mucosal cancer and 95.5% in submucosal cancer (p > 0.05).

Adult↗

PubMed1995

[Clinical phase II study of tropisetron capsule in the treatment of nausea and vomiting induced by anti-cancer drugs].

A comparative clinical trial of tropisetron capsule was conducted in three dose groups to investigate its optimal dose on nausea and vomiting induced by anti-cancer drugs, including cisplatin. The doses were randomized by the central registration office. In the assessment of clinical efficacy, cases rated as "effective" or better accounted for 61.5% of the 2.5 mg group (16/26), 80.8% of the 5.0mg group (21/26) and 80.0% of the 10mg group (24/30), respectively; the ratings for the 5mg and 10mg groups were almost equivalent, which was higher than that for the 2.5mg group. Adverse events observed were fever, diarrhea, drowsiness, headache and/or facial erythema in 4 out of 97 cases. Abnormal laboratory findings noted were 6 cases of increased GOT, GPT, LDH, total bilirubin and/or creatinine, but none of these was serious or clinically problematic in particular. On the basis of the above results, the optimal dose of Tropisetron (capsule) is considered to be 5mg once daily.

Adult↗

PubMed1995

[Clinical phase III study of tropisetron capsule in the treatment of nausea and vomiting induced by anti-cancer drug; a placebo-controlled, multicenter, double-blind comparative study].

A placebo-controlled, double-blind comparative study of tropisetron capsule was conducted to assess its clinical usefulness for nausea and vomiting induced by the anticancer drug, cisplatin, at a single dose of 50 mg/m2 or higher. Either 5mg tropisetron capsule or its placebo was given orally to patients 2 hours prior to cisplatin administration; the clinical efficacy was determined the severity of nausea and the number of emesis that occurred during 24 hours after cisplatin. Tropisetron significantly exceeded the placebo in the assessment of clinical efficacy. The ratings for the tropisetron group and the placebo group were 91.7% (22/24 cases) and 25.9% (7/27 cases), respectively. Adverse events observed were one case of headache in the tropisetron group and one diarrhea in the placebo group, while neither case was serious nor clinically problematic in particular. The above results reveal that tropisetron 5 mg capsule is significantly effective in the treatment of anticancer drug-induced nausea and vomiting. It has also been confirmed that tropisetron is a useful agent without any safety problems.

Administration, Oral↗

PubMed1995

[Clinical phase III study of tropisetron capsule in the treatment of nausea and vomiting induced by carboplatin or non-platinum anti-cancer drugs].

A clinical phase III study of tropisetron capsule was conducted to assess its efficacy, safety and usefulness on nausea and vomiting induced by carboplatin or non-platinum anti-cancer drugs. The study was conducted in patients who experienced vomiting on previous chemotherapy. Tropisetron 5 mg capsule was given to patients once 2 hours prior to the first administration of either carboplatin or non-platinum anti-cancer drugs; the patients were then observed for nausea and/or vomiting during 24 hours after the first administration. Some 56.7% (17/30) of the patients did not vomit after tropisetron administration, and the frequency of vomiting was significantly reduced compared with that during the previous chemotherapy. Further, in the clinical efficacy ratings, in which the efficacy was assessed on the basis of the nausea and vomiting data, 83.3% (25/30) of cases were rated as "effective or better". Adverse events observed were 3 cases of mild headache, but these were not clinically problematic. The above results reveal that tropisetron capsule is significantly effective and safe in the treatment of nausea and vomiting induced by carboplatin or non-platinum anti-cancer drugs; in addition, tropisetron proved to be highly useful for its convenience as an oral agent.

Adult↗

PubMed1995

[A cooperative late phase II trial of l-leucovorin and 5-fluorouracil in the treatment of advanced gastric cancer. l-Leucovorin and 5-FU Study Group (Japan Western Group)].

A multicenter cooperative study was conducted to evaluate the clinical efficacy of l-leucovorin (l-LV) and 5-fluorouracil (5-FU) treatment in 69 cases of advanced gastric cancer. l-LV was administered intravenously by a 2-hour infusion at a dosage of 250 mg/m2 and 5-FU at a dosage of 600 mg/m2, intravenously via bolus one hour after administration of l-LV had been started. The combination was given weekly for 6 weeks followed by a 2-week rest period. Patients were evaluated for response after the sixth dose. Nineteen PRs were noted in the 55 patients for an overall response rate of 34.5%. Median survival time was 190 days for eligible cases, and 448 days for PR cases. Age and performance status (PS) appeared to influence clinical response. Patients aged 49 years or younger showed a significantly higher PR rate than those aged 50 years or older. The PR rate was significantly higher in the patients of PS 0-1 than those of PS 2. Diarrhea and leukopenia were experienced in 46.7% and 65% of patients, respectively. Patients who had severe toxicities required discontinuity of treatment. After recovery, treatment was repeated. The clinical results are promising for patients with advanced gastric cancer, particularly middle-aged patients. However, whether the l-leucovorin and 5-FU combination therapy will ultimately produce superior results in middle-aged patients awaits the results of Phase III trials.

Adult↗

PubMed1995

[Surgical treatment of transposition of the great arteries with intact ventricular septum associated with left ventricular outflow obstruction].

Thirteen patients have undergone surgical treatment for transposition of the great arteries (TGA) with intact ventricular septum (IVS) associated with left ventricular outflow obstruction (LVOTO) in our institute. Ages at operation ranged from three months to six years (mean 9.2 +/- 4.7 months). Of these patients, seven had dynamic type LVOTO (group I), and six had organic LVOTO (group II). Preoperative left ventricular end-diastolic volume was significantly smaller in group II (78 +/- 13% of normal) than control group (135 +/- 53% of normal). Preoperative pressure gradient between the pulmonary artery and left ventricle was significantly greater in group II (55.8 +/- 3.2 mmHg) than group I (35.2 +/- 3.9 mmHg). In group I, II patients underwent two-stage ASO, the other 5 patients underwent Senning operation. The reason for the Senning operation were era before introduction of ASO in our institute (1983) or unsuccessful training of the left ventricle. In group II, all but one patient underwent Senning operation, the other underwent a successful Fontan operation with Damus anastomosis because of too small left ventricle (LVEDV: 49% of normal). Techniques to correct LVOTO at the definitive operation included ventriculotomy (n = 4) and pulmonary valvotomy (n = 2). One patients in group II underwent a Fontan operation with Damus anastomosis due to an underdeveloped left ventricle (LVEDV: 49% of normal). There was no early or late death. The postoperative pressure gradients disappeared or reduced to trivial levels in all patients. At present no LVOTO has developed in any of the patients.

Cardiac Surgical Procedures↗

PubMed1994

Alzheimer amyloid protein precursor enhances proliferation of neural stem cells from fetal rat brain.

We have investigated the effect of the Alzheimer amyloid protein precursor (APP) on the proliferation of neural stem cells. Two secretory forms of APP (sAPP770 and sAPP695, with and without the Kunitz-type serine protease inhibitor domain, respectively) were purified from conditioned media of COS-7 cells transfected with genetically modified APP cDNAs. Both secretory APPs promoted the growth of neural stem cells, and the effect of sAPP770 was greater than that of sAPP695. sAPP770 and known growth factors in combination exerted a cooperative stimulation of the stem cell proliferation. These results suggest that APP, especially APP possessing the protease inhibitor domain, regulates the growth of neuronal precursor cells during development of the nervous system.

Alzheimer Disease↗

PubMed1994

High-performance liquid chromatographic determination of taurine and hypotaurine using 3,5-dinitrobenzoyl chloride as derivatizing reagent.

A method for the determination of taurine and hypotaurine in biological samples involving the preparation of their 3,5-dinitrobenzoyl derivatives followed by HPLC was established. Taurine and hypotaurine in aqueous media were reacted with 3,5-dinitrobenzoyl chloride in the presence of triethylamine to prepare 3,5-dinitrobenzoyl derivatives. These derivatives were separated on a C18 reversed-phase column and detected by recording the absorbance at 254 nm. Derivatives of taurine and hypotaurine were obtained in yields of 91.4 +/- 3.3 and 85.6 +/- 2.6%, respectively. The calibration graphs for taurine and hypotaurine were linear between 2.5 and 500 microM with correlation coefficients of 0.999. The method was applied to the determination of taurine and hypotaurine in human and rat urine and blood and in rat liver and heart.

Animals↗

PubMed1994

Nerve growth factor and epidermal growth factor rescue PC12 cells from programmed cell death induced by etoposide: distinct modes of protection against cell death by growth factors and a protein-synthesis inhibitor.

A rat pheochromocytoma cell line (PC12 cells) died within 24 h in the presence of etoposide (1-40 micrograms/ml), an inhibitor of topoisomerase II. This cytotoxic effect was prevented by either nerve growth (NGF) or epidermal growth factor (EGF). Cycloheximide and actinomycin D also suppressed the cell death as well. Furthermore, a difference among protective modes against etoposide-induced death by growth factors and a protein-synthesis inhibitor was observed: the protective effect of either NGF or EGF remained rather constant as a function of incubation time with etoposide whereas that of cycloheximide declined. These results indicate that etoposide induces programmed death in PC12 cells and that prevention of the programmed cell death by both NGF and EGF is mainly due to inactivation of molecules involved in the death processes rather than suppression of specific protein and/or mRNA synthesis.

Animals↗

PubMed1994

Etoposide induces programmed death in neurons cultured from the fetal rat central nervous system.

The effects of etoposide on the death of neurons cultured from the central nervous system (CNS) of fetal rats were examined. The cultured neurons died in the presence of 1-40 micrograms/ml of etoposide, which is known to induce programmed death in some kinds of cells, and this cytotoxic effect was prevented by inhibition of protein synthesis and/or RNA synthesis. Furthermore, DNA degradation, including a ladder-like pattern, became evident in these neurons 3 h after incubation with etoposide (10 micrograms/ml), whereas cell death commenced after about 6 h. These results indicate that etoposide-treated CNS neurons require new protein and RNA synthesis to undergo an active death programme, and that internucleosomal fragmentation of DNA mediates the etoposide-induced programmed cell death. This culture system of etoposide-treated CNS neurons is thought to be a useful model for the study of programmed neuronal cell death.

Animals↗

PubMed1994

Laparoscopic adrenalectomy: comparison with open adrenalectomy.

The results of the first 6 cases of laparoscopic adrenalectomy were compared with the most recent 11 consecutive cases of traditional open adrenalectomy for the treatment of benign adrenal tumor. In both groups, all the tumors were less than 4 cm in diameter and were removed successfully with no significant complications. The weight of the resected specimen and estimated blood loss were not significantly different in the two groups, and none of the patients needed a blood transfusion. Although laparoscopic adrenalectomy required a significantly longer operation time (median 230 min vs. 165 min for an open operation), the postoperative recovery estimated by the duration of restricted oral intake or walking was shorter, and the incidence of patients requiring postoperative parenteral analgesics was also significantly lower in laparoscopic adrenalectomy. Although the number of patients treated with the laparoscopic procedure is still small, these results suggest that laparoscopic adrenalectomy is a minimally invasive alternative to open adrenalectomy and, with further improvement of the operative technique and equipment, may become a more reliable and standard procedure for the treatment of benign adrenal tumor.

Adrenal Gland Neoplasms↗

PubMed1994

[Complete response in a case of unresectable gastric cancer treated by combined chemoimmunotherapy of MMC, 5-FU and OK-432].

A 68-year-old female patient with unresectable advanced gastric cancer was treated by combined administration of MMC (10 mg/month), 5-FU (200 mg/day) and OK-432 (5KE/2 weeks). Two months after starting the treatment, there was a diminution in the serum CEA level. Six months later, the CEA had decreased to the normal level, primary and metastatic sites completely disappeared and no cancer cell was confirmed by endoscopic biopsy. The patient has survived for 33 months of a state of complete response.

Adenocarcinoma↗

PubMed1993

Early gastric cancer associated with synchronous multiple liver metastasis--two rare cases.

From 1976 to 1991, 1,640 cases of gastric cancer were resected in our department. Of these, 659 (40.2%) cases were early gastric cancer (EGC). The prognosis after resection of an EGC is generally good, with a 5-year survival rate of 95%. The incidence of an EGC with synchronous liver metastasis is very rare. To our knowledge, only 15 cases of an EGC with synchronous liver metastasis have been reported in the Japanese literature. From 10 cases adequately described the EGC with synchronous liver metastasis derived only from sm-cancers (cancers confined to the submucosa) of medullary type, histologically, more commonly occurring in males than EGC generally, (of elevated type) and with positive lymph node metastasis. Here we report two additional rare cases of EGC with liver metastasis.

Aged↗

PubMed1993

[Pre and postoperative left ventricular volume and function in infants and children with total anomalous pulmonary venous return].

From January, 1989, to December, 1991, 36 consecutive patients with total anomalous pulmonary venous return (TAPVR) underwent intracardiac repair (ICR) in our institute. We studied the relationship between the size of atrial septal defect (ASD), age and preoperative left ventricular end-diastolic diameter (LVEDD) in 28 patients with regression analysis. There was no statistical relationship between the size of ASD, age and LVEDD. We measured LVEDD, RV to LV pressure ratio (RVP/LVP) and LV fractional shortening (LVFS) using two dimensional echocardiography in 15 patients, prior to and following ICR. LVEDD increased from 1.16 +/- 0.40 cm to 1.62 +/- 0.28 cm immediately following ICR, and then increased to 1.79 +/- 0.34 cm one month following ICR again. LVFS decreased from 38% to 35% immediately following ICR but still remained within normal range (normal range 28-45%). RVP/LVP decreased from 1.0 to 0.69 immediately following ICR, and to 0.39 one month following ICR. We concluded that the decrease of preoperative LV end-diastolic volume in TAPVR was not due to the decrease of LV preload but to anterior deviation of the ventricular septum caused by high RV pressure. There was significant increase of LV volume immediately following ICR, but LVFS maintained in normal range. This study suggested that small LV volume in patients with TAPVR did not influence the surgical results.

Echocardiography↗

PubMed1993

[An outline of 5-HT3 receptor antagonists (1)--In pharmacological actions].

This paper described an outline of pharmacological studies of 5-HT3 receptor antagonists, mainly on ondansetron, which control nausea and vomiting associated with cancer chemotherapy. Administration of cytotoxic drugs is known to increase serotonin (5-HT) concentrations, and when released, 5-HT provokes the emetic responses via two routes; 1) 5-HT acts as an intrinsic transmitter substance and stimulates the emetic response via 5-HT3 receptors on vagal afferent terminals; 2) 5-HT transmits impulses to the vomiting center via 5-HT3 receptors on the chemoreceptor trigger zone in the area postrema of the central nervous system. 5-HT3 receptor antagonists are thought to exert an antiemetic action by specifically and competitively blocking 5-HT3 receptors.

Antiemetics↗

PubMed1993

[An outline of 5-HT3 receptor antagonists (2)--In clinical applications].

This paper described an outline of clinically applications of 5-HT3 receptor antagonists, mainly on ondansetron, which control nausea and vomiting associated with cancer chemotherapy. Clinically, 5-HT3 receptor antagonists demonstrated significantly superior antiemetic effects to metoclopramide which has been prescribed for relatively long time. The response rates for granisetron and those for ondansetron were different due to the different categorical scales. However, when the same scale was applied, similar efficacies have been observed. Introduction of the tablet form may well broaden the clinical applications. Considering the highly evaluated safety, 5-HT3 receptor antagonists, from the viewpoints of clinical usefulness and safety, seems to be useful drugs for controlling nausea and vomiting associated with cancer chemotherapy.

Antineoplastic Agents↗

PubMed1993

[A case of advanced gastric cancer with liver and lung metastasis effectively treated by combined chemo-immunotherapy of MMC, 5'-DFUR, OK-432].

A sixty-eight-year-old male patient was diagnosed as having inoperable advanced gastric cancer with liver and lung metastasis. The patient was treated by combined chemo-immunotherapy of MMC 10 mg/M, 5'-DFUR 800 mg/day and OK-432 5 KE/2 W. Six months after commencing chemotherapy, CT-scan and upper GI series revealed that metasized liver tumors and stomach lesion were remarkably decreased in size and no cancer cell was confirmed by endoscopic biopsy. Further, the metastatic lung tumor has disappeared on chest X-ray. The patient had been well without any evidence of tumor re-progression for over one year, but from July the liver tumor began to metastasize again and the patient eventually died of liver metastasis on Jan. 1, 1993.

Adenocarcinoma↗