On weighted visual field indices.
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Humans↗
Biomedical subjects
J Olsson
Publications and source records attributed to J Olsson.
Spatial analyses of glaucomatous visual fields; a comparison with traditional visual field indices.
Interpretation of numeric automated threshold visual field results is often difficult. A large amount of data is obtained for every single field tested. Various approaches to summarize this data have been suggested, most commonly the mean and standard deviation of departures from age-corrected normal threshold values. These visual field indices differ substantially from subjective field interpretation where spatial relationships are important. We have previously devised two methods for automated field interpretation which take spatial information into account--regional up-down comparisons and arcuate cluster analysis. We now studied the merits of using these new spatial methods and compared them to traditional visual field indices for discrimination between normal and glaucomatous field results. Central static 30 degree field results in 101 eyes of 101 normal subjects and 101 eyes of 101 patients with glaucoma were discriminated using logistic regression analysis. The best field classification was obtained with a spatial visual field model combining up-down differences and arcuate clusters. The advantages of the spatial model were confirmed in an independent material of 163 eyes of 163 normal subjects and 76 eyes of 76 patients with glaucoma where eyes with large field defects had been removed. In this material the spatial model gave 87% sensitivity and 83% specificity while the best non-spatial model gave 82% sensitivity and 80% specificity. Visual field interpretation in glaucoma may be significantly enhanced if detection is focused on circumscribed field loss rather than on averages of differential light sensitivities and similar indices which do not take spatial relationships into consideration.
Adult↗
Salivary receptors for GalNAc beta-sensitive adherence of Actinomyces spp.: evidence for heterogeneous GalNAc beta and proline-rich protein receptor properties.
The receptors for GalNAc beta 1-3Gal alpha Oethyl (GalNAc beta)-sensitive adherence of Actinomyces strains to salivary pellicles were investigated. Parotid and submaxillary saliva from one individual was size fractionated and utilized in hydroxyapatite adherence assays with Actinomyces naeslundii 12104 and A. viscosus 19246 and LY7 with and without GalNAc beta. Three parotid salivary fractions, the high-molecular-weight, acidic proline-rich protein (PRP), and statherin fractions, promote GalNAc beta-sensitive adherence of strain 12104, whereas only the high-molecular-weight fraction of submaxillary saliva promotes such adherence. In contrast, strain LY7, possessing a variant GalNAc beta specificity, shows GalNAc beta-sensitive adherence to the leading and trailing regions of the submaxillary PRP fractions but less distinct adherence to the parotid and submaxillary high-molecular-weight fractions. In addition, the PRP and statherin fractions promote adherence of strains LY7 and 19246 that is not inhibited by GalNAc beta. However, whereas strain LY7 binds more strongly to the PRP fraction than to the statherin fraction, strain 19246 binds preferentially to the statherin fractions of parotid and submaxillary saliva. These salivary protein fractions were analyzed by sodium dodecyl sulfate-polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis and immunostained to detect glycosylated proteins. The different salivary receptor properties are paralleled by different glycosylation patterns. The variable GalNAc beta specificities may have evolved to match different salivary glycosylation patterns, and PRP and statherin binding properties seem to be heterogeneous among the Actinomyces strains.
Acetylgalactosamine↗
The occurrence of long chain polyprenols in leaves of plants of Rosaceae family and their isolation by time-extended liquid chromatography.
The long chain polyprenols composed of 30 and more isoprene units from leaves of plants belonging to the genera Potentilla and Rosa have been described. They occur in the form of fatty acid esters. The composition of polyprenol mixture was species dependent and its content reached ca. 0.5% wet weight. Large scale preparation of individual polyprenols from a natural polyprenol mixture was performed using time-extended liquid chromatography on the hydrophobic gel Lipidex-5000.
Chromatography, Liquid↗
Plaque formation in vivo and bacterial attachment in vitro on permanently hydrophobic and hydrophilic surfaces.
Highly hydrated polyethylene oxide (PEO) films represent one type of surface modification which may interfere with biofilm formation. Protein adsorption and saliva-mediated bacterial adherence were investigated in vitro on normal and hydrophobized glass surfaces and on glass surfaces with immobilized PEO films. More protein and bacteria bound to untreated compared to hydrophobized and PEO-treated glass. Pellicle and plaque formation was also studied in vivo on ceramic crown surfaces either untreated, hydrophobized or with immobilized PEO films. Pellicle and plaque formation was similar on the untreated ceramic and PEO surfaces. Less plaque seemed to collect on these surfaces compared to adjacent normal tooth surfaces. Almost no plaque accumulated on the hydrophobic crown surface and it was virtually devoid of stainable pellicle. Even after 7 days in the mouth without oral hygiene this surface was very hydrophobic and the disclosing solution could not spread.
Actinomyces↗
Variations of common bile duct diameter after endoscopic sphincterotomy.
Diameters of the common bile duct (CBD) and common hepatic duct (CHD) were measured before and after endoscopic sphincterotomy (EPT) in 100 patients. There was a significant reduction of the lumen diameter in both the CBD and CHD (p less than 0.01) after EPT. A comparison between 32 patients without symptoms (such as pain, residual stones, and elevated levels of liver enzymes) and 19 patients with remaining symptoms after EPT, showed a statistically significant reduction in both CBD and CHD diameters (p less than 0.001) in the former group, and no statistically proven changes in the diameters in the latter group, since a change of less than 1.5 mm was not considered significant. Therefore, the absence of a reduction or a dilatation of the diameter of the CBD after EPT may suggest that these patients may have persisting complaints after EPT. Measurements on models (phantoms) show that body position of the patient during endoscopic retrograde cholangiopancreatography (ERCP) has little and negligible influence on the measured diameters of the CBD and CHD.
Aged↗
Oral implantation in man of Streptococcus mutans in relation to salivary IgA activity.
Oral implantations of and salivary IgA activity against a freshly isolated Streptococcus mutans strain and a repeatedly subcultured variant strain were studied in 20 subjects. The variant strain was eliminated at a higher rate than the parent strain. Both strains were eliminated at a lower rate in subjects with high oral levels of indigenous mutans streptococci than in subjects with low levels of these microorganisms. Subjects with high respectively low IgA activity against the parent strain also had high respectively low IgA activity against the variant strain (P less than 0.01). The correlation between IgA activity and clearance rate of implanted bacteria was not statistically significant. However, following both implantations, median values of IgA activity were consistently higher in subjects who had eliminated the implanted strain than in subjects who had not.
Adult↗
Inhibition of Streptococcus mutans adherence to hydroxyapatite with combinations of alkyl phosphates and nonionic surfactants.
Seven alkyl phosphate derivatives and three nonionic surfactants were examined for their ability to inhibit the adherence of 3H-labelled cells of Streptococcus mutans to hydroxyapatite (HA) treated with buffer (BHA) or parotid saliva (SHA). None of the compounds alone hindered binding of bacteria to BHA or SHA effectively. A combination of certain of the alkyl phosphates, notably a disodium phosphate of 1-octadecanol, and nonionic surfactant at a 1:1 molar ratio gave a strong inhibition of S. mutans adherence. Treatment of SHA with this combination resulted in 98% reduction of adherence. Adsorption of the two types of surface-active agents alone and in combinations was studied using 14C-labelled agents. Electrophoretic measurements revealed that surfaces treated with only alkyl phosphate became highly negatively charged, while surfaces treated with the combination had a zeta-potential of around zero. The results suggest that treatment with surfactants might be used to interfere with bacterial adherence on the tooth surface.
Bacterial Adhesion↗
Modulation of bacterial binding to salivary pellicle by treatment with hydrophilizing compounds.
Two hydrophilizing agents, a branched polyethylene glycol derivative and a non-ionic cellulose ether (EHEC) bind to buffer-treated hydroxyapatite and prevent attachment of Streptococcus mutans. EHEC gives a more efficient surface modification, presumably due to a more complete surface coverage. Neither of the 2 hydrophilizing agents were effective on hydroxyapatite which had been pre-treated with saliva. In a small clinical trial, EHEC was found to be moderately effective in preventing plaque formation.
Adhesiveness↗
Inhibition of Streptococcus mutans adherence by means of surface hydrophilization.
Derivatives of polyalkylene oxide (PAO) were examined for their ability to inhibit adherence of 3H-labeled cells of Streptococcus mutans to hydroxyapatite (HA) and to plastic surfaces treated with buffer or parotid saliva from two individuals. Pellicles formed on HA with saliva from the two subjects were distinct in their binding capacity. One saliva promoted and the other saliva reduced adherence, as compared with the buffer control (BHA). Three of the PAO compounds effectively hindered binding of bacteria to BHA. However, on saliva-treated HA (SHA) the inhibition was not as effective. One compound, a phosphated polypropylene glycol, was potent in inhibiting adherence both to BHA and to the plastic surfaces treated with either buffer or saliva. However, treatment of HA with this compound followed by saliva incubation only gave a limited reduction in the number of bacteria binding. Evidently, salivary constituents are capable of interacting also with the PAO-treated surface. When 14C-labeled hydrophilizing agent was used, it was shown that the PAO was not replaced by salivary molecules. Instead, the components of the saliva that mediate the binding of bacteria seemed capable of adhering directly to the PAO layer.
Bacterial Adhesion↗
The effect of perimetric experience in normal subjects.
Two groups of normal subjects were submitted to repeated automated static threshold perimetry. Perimetric results were strongly affected by the level of experience in some subjects; in the majority, however, the effect of experience was small. Initial field tests often showed high numbers of depressed points. Sensitivity increased with perimetric training, particularly between the first sessions. Those subjects who improved most started low, gradually approaching normal levels with experience. Learning effects were more pronounced peripherally than paracentrally and "untrained" fields characteristically showed concentric contraction with numerous points with low sensitivity peripherally. An important practical conclusion is to allow repeated testing of all inexperienced patients in whom initial fields do not agree with clinical findings. A chart showing a concentrically narrowed field should be viewed with particular suspicion. Furthermore, a single initial field may constitute an inadequate baseline for clinical follow-up.
Adult↗
Visual field interpretation with empiric probability maps.
Automated visual field charts may be difficult to interpret partly because of the magnitude and complex nature of normal threshold variability. We devised two types of empiric probability maps in which this variability is taken into account and the significances of measured threshold values are displayed. These maps are highly sensitive to nonobvious but significant paracentral field loss but will at the same time deemphasize false-positive patterns commonly found more peripherally. They also frequently show field defects before these are obvious in conventional threshold printouts. In addition, they differentiate between generalized loss of sensitivity and localized field defects.
Cataract↗
X-linked megalocornea: close linkage to DXS87 and DXS94.
In a family in which X-linked megalocornea is segregating, the disease locus was found to be closely linked to DXS87 (zeta max = 3.91, theta max = 0.00) and DXS94 (zeta max = 3.34, theta max = 0.00) in Xq21.3-q22.
Corneal Diseases↗
The influence of saliva on infection of the human mouth by mutans streptococci.
The relationship between oral implantation of Streptococcus mutans IB1600 (serotype c) and Streptococcus sobrinus OMZ65 (serotype g), the aggregating activity of saliva, and its influence on the adherence of these bacterial strains in vitro was examined in seven human subjects. All the saliva samples aggregated strain IB1600 but not strain OMZ65 cells. Whole saliva from subjects with low levels of infection by Strep. mutans aggregated strain IB1600 to a greater degree than did whole saliva from those who were readily infected. Whole saliva from subjects most resistant to infection supported the adsorption of the highest number of either strain IB1600 or OMZ65 to hydroxyapatite surfaces. Thus the ability of whole saliva to aggregate Strep. mutans may influence the ability of these microorganisms to infect the mouth.
Adult↗
Some salivary factors in insulin-dependent diabetics.
The aim of the study was to compare salivary flow rate, salivary pH, buffer capacity of the saliva, salivary glucose content, and number of Candida albicans, lactobacilli, and Streptococcus mutans in the saliva in age- and sex-matched adult long- and short-duration insulin-dependent diabetics and non-diabetics. Ninety-four long-duration and 86 short-duration diabetics and 86 non-diabetics, aged 20-70 years, participated in the study. Paraffin-stimulated whole saliva was collected. Both long- and short-duration diabetics had a decreased salivary flow rate and an increased salivary glucose content compared with non-diabetics. However, the differences were small. There were no significant differences between the groups in salivary pH, buffer capacity, or bacterial counts.
Adult↗
Does omeprazole improve antimicrobial therapy directed towards gastric Campylobacter pylori in patients with antral gastritis? A pilot study.
This double-blind pilot study has been undertaken in order to investigate the effect of amoxicillin and pronounced suppression of gastric acid secretion on mucosal colonisation with Campylobacter pylori (CP). Twenty four CP-positive patients were included in the study and assigned to 14 days of treatment in either one of the following three therapy groups: Group 1: Omeprazole 40 mg o.m. + Amoxicillin 750 mg b.i.d (9 pat); Group 2: Omeprazole 40 mg o.m. (8 pat); Group 3: Amoxicillin 750 mg b.i.d (7 pat). Gastroscopy with biopsy for culture and histology was performed pre-entry, at cessation of therapy and four weeks later. In the group receiving omeprazole and amoxicillin in combination 5 out of 8 patients were negative for CP four weeks after stopping treatment, while in the amoxicillin and the omeprazole groups respectively one (1/7) and none (0/8) were negative. Except for one patient who was withdrawn because of severe diarrhoea, only minor adverse effects occurred.
Adult↗
Perimetric threshold variability and age.
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Aging↗
Computer-assisted recognition of glaucomatous field loss.
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Glaucoma↗