PubMed Health⌕ Search

Biomedical subjects

J Oteo

Publications and source records attributed to J Oteo.

At least 19 recordsLinked to original sources
PubMed2004

Increase of resistance to macrolides in invasive Streptococcus pneumoniae in Spain (2000-2001).

This study examined the antimicrobial resistance of 1,278 invasive Streptococcus pneumoniae isolates from 41 Spanish laboratories participating in the European Antimicrobial Resistance Surveillance System (EARSS) during 2000 and 2001. Twenty-nine laboratories participated during both years and provided 950 of the isolates. Each laboratory used its own susceptibility testing methods. External quality assessment was performed annually by each participating laboratory. Significant increases in penicillin and erythromycin resistance were observed between 2000 and 2001. This increase was particularly noticeable in isolates from the laboratories participating during both years and in isolates from children and elderly patients.

Adolescent↗
PubMed2003

Significant increase in the prevalence of erythromycin-resistant, clindamycin- and miocamycin-susceptible (M phenotype) Streptococcus pyogenes in Spain.

In 1998 we conducted a multicentre study in Spain on the susceptibility of Streptococcus pyogenes isolates to different 14-, 15- and 16-membered macrolides and clindamycin, in which the number of strains examined was proportional to the number of inhabitants in each geographical area. The aim of the present work was to re-examine the antimicrobial susceptibility of S. pyogenes in 2001, using the same methodology and centres as in 1998, to determine the different susceptibility phenotypes to macrolides-lincosamides, and to compare the results from the 2 years by statistical tests. A total of 529 unique isolates of S. pyogenes, collected in 21 laboratories, were studied. Throat swabs provided 417 isolates (78.8%), and the remaining 112 were from other sources. Four hundred and thirty-five (82.2%) were isolated from children and 94 (17.8%) from adults. One hundred and fifty-seven (29.7%) of the isolates were resistant to erythromycin and azithromycin, whereas resistance to miocamycin, a 16-membered macrolide, was 1.5%. The prevalence of resistance to clindamycin was 1.3%. The majority (98.7%) of the 157 erythromycin-resistant strains presented the M phenotype. When we compared the results obtained in 1998 and 2001, we observed a statistically significant increase in resistance to erythromycin and azithromycin (P = 0.02, chi(2) test), but not to clindamycin or miocamycin (P = 0.47, chi(2) test with Yates' correction). The significant increase in the prevalence of resistance to some macrolides of S. pyogenes in Spain underscores the need for continuous surveillance of antimicrobial resistance in this species.

Anti-Bacterial Agents↗
PubMed2002

Susceptibility of strains of Streptococcus agalactiae to macrolides and lincosamides, phenotype patterns and resistance genes.

The Group B streptococcus (Streptococcus agalactiae) is a pathogen of increasing importance in human disease. We therefore studied the susceptibility of clinical isolates of S. agalactiae to penicillin G, erythromycin, azithromycin and clindamycin using National Committee for Clinical Laboratory Standards methodology, and we also determined the phenotypes of macrolide-lincosamide susceptibility and the resistance genes implicated in a group of selected isolates of the different phenotypes. We used 221 isolates collected between 1997 and 1999 in two Health Authority Areas in Móstoles and Granada, Spain. The minimal concentration for 90% inhibition (MIC90) for penicillin G was 0.12 mg/L and all the isolates tested were susceptible. One hundred and eighty-five (83.7%) were susceptible to erythromycin and azithromycin and 191 (86.4%) were susceptible to miocamycin and clindamycin. Twenty-three isolates (10.4%) had a constitutive MLSB phenotype, seven (3.2%) an inducible phenotype, and six (2.7%) an M phenotype. All except one of the MLSB phenotype isolates tested (n = 23) carried erm genes; in two strains with the mef (A) gene, all the M phenotype (n = 6) isolates tested carried mef genes, while erm and mef (A) genes were absent in all the macrolide-lincosamide-susceptible (n = 12) isolates tested. In our environment, resistance to macrolide and lincosamide in S. agalactiae was present in 10-16% of the isolates. The majority of resistant strains had the MLSB phenotype.

Anti-Bacterial Agents↗
PubMed2002

Antibiotic resistance in 1962 invasive isolates of Escherichia coli in 27 Spanish hospitals participating in the European Antimicrobial Resistance Surveillance System (2001).

In Europe, antimicrobial resistance of invasive pathogens has been monitored since 1998 by the European Antimicrobial Resistance Surveillance System (EARSS). The goal of this study is to analyse the susceptibility data of invasive Escherichia coli collected by 27 Spanish laboratories in 2001. Each laboratory identified strains and tested their susceptibility using its own methods. To assess the comparability of susceptibility test results, a quality assurance exercise was performed. We report data from 1962 invasive isolates of E. coli: 1959 from blood and three from cerebrospinal fluid, corresponding to the same number of patients. Resistance to ampicillin, co-trimoxazole, ciprofloxacin and gentamicin was found in 58.46%, 32.91%, 17.19% and 6.39% of isolates, respectively. Extended-spectrum beta-lactamase (ESBL) production was detected in 30 strains (1.55%). Ciprofloxacin resistance was higher in isolates from men and in-patients than in those from women and out-patients (P < 0.001). Resistance to ampicillin and co-trimoxazole was more widespread in children than in adults: 70.37% versus 57.87% (P = 0.01) and 41.84% versus 32.53% (P = 0.05). Non-significant differences in resistance to fluoroquinolones were observed between isolates from children (11.1%) and adults (17.54%), despite the fact that fluoroquinolones are not administered to children. Significantly, resistance to non-beta-lactam antibiotics (co-trimoxazole, ciprofloxacin and gentamicin) was more prevalent in ampicillin-resistant strains and ESBL-producing strains than in ampicillin-susceptible strains and non-ESBL-producing strains. Multidrug resistance was present in 13.92% of isolates; the most prevalent phenotype was resistance to ampicillin, co-trimoxazole and ciprofloxacin, which was detected in 59.36% of multiresistant strains and in 8.22% of strains overall.

Adult↗
PubMed2001

[Significant bacteremias by Corynebacterium amycolatum: an emergent pathogen].

BACKGROUND: Corynebacterium sp. is an extremely varied genus which includes little known species and of which only Corynebacterium diphteriae, Corynebacterium urealyticum and Corynebacterium jeikeium are considered indisputable pathogens. Other species, such as C. amycolatum are at present being reconsidered as causative agents in infectious pathologies, partly on account of our greater aquaintance and improved identification techniques for these microorganisms and partly on account of the growing number of immunocompromised patients in whom all their pathogenic capacity is usually able to develope. We present 3 cases of significant bacteremia by C. amycolatum. METHODS: Bacterial isoliations from blood culture were obtained using the Vital Systems. Identification was performed by means of Gran stain, colony morphology, the results of numerous biochemical tests (including the Api Coryne systems), the behaviour of the strains against the vibriostatic agent O/129 and the antibiotic susceptibility pattern obtained with the E-test. RESULTS: The three isolates of C. amycolatum were obtained from patients after a lenghtly hospitalization, multi-instrumentation and who had severe underlying disease. All three presented with concomitant isolates of C. amycolatum from other sites: sputum, wound and catheter respectively, which could explain the origin of the bacteremia. Colony morphology, antibiotic susceptibility patterns, resistance to the vibriostatic agent O/129 and the results of the biochemical test carried out were similar to those previously describe in the literature. CONCLUSIONS: C. amycolatum should be born in mind as a agent responsable for significant and severe pathology in this type of patient. In addition, it as certain specific characteristics which assits in its identification in the normal micr

Aged↗
PubMed2001

Antimicrobial resistance of Streptococcus pneumoniae isolates in 1999 and 2000 in Madrid, Spain: a multicentre surveillance study.

Resistance to first-line antimicrobial agents in Streptococcus pneumoniae is increasing worldwide and the new fluoroquinolones may provide a good alternative. The antimicrobial susceptibility to levofloxacin and 13 other antibiotics of 300 isolates of S. pneumoniae, isolated in the Madrid community in 1999 and 2000, was determined. A total of 65.6% of isolates were penicillin intermediate or resistant strains. A high percentage of resistance to macrolides, clindamycin, tetracycline and chloramphenicol was also observed, mainly in penicillin-resistant strains. All but one strain was susceptible to levofloxacin.

Anti-Infective Agents↗
PubMed2001

Bacteremia by Dermabacter hominis, a rare pathogen.

Dermabacter hominis is a gram-positive, catalase-positive, glucose-fermenting rod, which, as it grows forms small greyish-white colonies with a characteristic pungent odor. Previously known as coryneform Centers for Disease Control and Prevention groups 3 and 5, it was catalogued as D. hominis in 1994. Various strains isolated in blood cultures, abscesses, or wounds in the 1970s were retrospectively characterized in referral centers as D. hominis. In this report we describe two patients with severe underlying pathology who developed bacteremias by D. hominis within the context of their clinical pictures.

Actinomycetales↗
PubMed2000

High prevalence of erythromycin-resistant, clindamycin/miocamycin-susceptible (M phenotype) Streptococcus pyogenes: results of a Spanish multicentre study in 1998. Spanish Group for the Study of Infection in the Primary Health Care Setting.

Using the standard agar dilution method we studied the prevalence of susceptibility to 14-, 15- and 16-membered ring macrolides and clindamycin in Streptococcus pyogenes isolated in 1998 from 21 laboratories in Spain. The number of strains admitted to the study was proportional to the numbers of inhabitants in each geographical area. We also determined the susceptibility phenotypes and the genetic basis for the antibiotic resistance. A total of 486 unduplicated isolates of S. pyogenes were used. Throat swab samples provided 359 (73.9%) isolates, and the remaining 127 isolates were from other sources. One hundred and fourteen (23.5%) isolates were resistant to erythromycin, a 14-membered ring macrolide, and azithromycin, a 15-membered macrolide, whereas only 1% of isolates were resistant to miocamycin, a 16-membered macrolide and 0.8% were resistant to clindamycin. Of the 114 erythromycin-resistant strains, 109 (95.6%) were susceptible to clindamycin and miocamycin. Since induction with erythromycin did not modify susceptibility to the latter antibiotics, these 109 strains were considered to have the M phenotype. Twenty strains with the M phenotype, one per laboratory, were assayed by PCR and showed the presence of the mef gene, which is responsible for antibiotic resistance by an efflux system. Among comparable studies covering entire countries, ours demonstrates one of the highest rates of S. pyogenes erythromycin resistance and clindamycin and miocamycin susceptibility in the world. Strains with the M phenotype account for the great majority of these isolates.

Adult↗
PubMed2000

High prevalence of resistance to clindamycin in Bacteroides fragilis group isolates.

Susceptibility to anti-anaerobic agents in the Bacteroides fragilis group varies according to the geographical region studied. In recent years there has been a reduction in the susceptibility of such isolates, particularly to antibiotics such as clindamycin and cefoxitin. The antimicrobial susceptibilities of 100 isolates of the B. fragilis group isolated in 1998 from faecal samples of healthy people to clindamycin and five other anti-anaerobic agents were determined. Meropenem, metronidazole and trovafloxacin showed excellent activity against all isolates. The efficacy of cefoxitin was low, with only 46% of isolates susceptible. A high prevalence of resistance to clindamycin (49% of isolates) was observed.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1999

Drug efflux and parC mutations are involved in fluoroquinolone resistance in viridans group streptococci.

Nine ciprofloxacin-resistant viridans group streptococci isolated from asymptomatic carriers were analyzed. Identification to the species level by using three different commercial systems and a PCR-based approach was inconsistent. The nucleotide sequences of fragments of the parC, parE, gyrA, and gyrB genes showed considerable intra- and interspecies variations, and these variations mainly involved silent mutations. Three isolates had changes in Ser-79 of ParC (to Phe or Tyr). Phenotypic characterization indicated that eight of the nine isolates had a putative efflux mechanism that would confer low-level resistance to ciprofloxacin.

Anti-Infective Agents↗