Systemic TNF administration in psoriatic patients: a promising therapeutic modality for severe psoriasis.
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Adolescent↗
Biomedical subjects
J Oyama
Publications and source records attributed to J Oyama.
[The prediction of the need for postoperative mechanical ventilation in patients with myasthenia gravis undergoing transsternal thymectomy].
During a sixteen-year period, 51 patients with myasthenia gravis underwent trans-sternal thymectomy including extended resection of the adipose tissue around thymus. Using the criteria of risk factors described by Leventhal and Kimura, a predictive score was assessed for our 51 patients. Leventhal's scoring system achieved an accuracy of 54.3%, a sensitivity of 20.0% and a specificity of 63.9%. And, Kimura's scoring system achieved an accuracy of 75.0%, a sensitivity of 81.8% and a specificity of 73.0%. From this study it was concluded that Kimura's scoring system is statistically more adaptive for Japanese than Leventhal's scoring system, and the Leventhal's accuracy may have increased by adding "bulbar symptoms" and "preoperative crisis" as other risk factors and by decreasing "points" for "duration of myasthenia" and "pyridoxamine dosage", and the "Kimura's " accuracy may have increased by decreasing "7 points" for preoperative crisis. Consequently, patients who received postoperative ventilation were compared with the group who did not, with respect to the 19 factors. Evidence is that Osserman's type, bulbar symptoms, preoperative crisis and preoperative % VC were influenced to require the postoperative ventilation, but sex, age, thymic histology, duration of myasthenia and pyridoxamine dosage were not any influenced to require the postoperative ventilation.
Adult↗
Isolation of Staphylococcus hyicus subsp. hyicus from pigs affected with exudative epidermitis and experimental infection of piglets with isolates.
Five strains of Staphylococcus hyicus subsp. hyicus were isolated: three strains (P-1, P-2 and P-3) from the crust on the body surface of 6-month-old pigs on a farm in Aomori prefecture, and two (P-5 and P-6) from both the crust on the body surface and the joint of a 1-month-old piglet with exudative epidermitis (EE) on another farm. The characterization of the isolates and the experimental infection of the piglets with strain P-1 were carried out. Subcutaneous inoculation with the bacterial suspension (10(10) CFU) produced EE to all nine piglets. Eight of them had exudation and exfoliation within 24 hr of infection. Histopathologically, disappearance of stratum corneum and necrosis with vacuolar degeneration of prickle cells were remarkable in the epidermis. Infiltration of neutrophils and lymphocytes were observed in the dermis. The results clearly indicate that S. hyicus is responsible for incrustation of the body surface of weanling pigs and exudative epidermitis in young piglets.
Animals↗
Maximum likelihood factor analysis of the effects of chronic centrifugation on the structural development of the musculoskeletal system of the rat.
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Age Factors↗
Compressive strength of the rat femur as influenced by hypergravity.
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Age Factors↗
RBC-51Cr half-life and albumin turnover in growing beagle dogs during chronic radial acceleration.
The effects of chronic centrifugation on growing Beagle dogs exposed to -2 or -2.6 Gx on albumin and RBC turnover rates, albumin concentration and space, and total blood volume were determined and compared with caged and run control animals. Albumin-125I and autologous RBC-51Cr preparations were injected into all dogs at day 82 of the centrifugation period and the disappearance curves were determined by successive bleedings of the animals over the next 35 d, during which the centrifugation was continued. There were no differences in albumin turnover rates or space. Two populations of RBCs were found in both centrifuged groups, one with a normal half-life of 27 +/- 1 S.E.M. d, and one with a significantly ( less than 0.01) shorter half-life of 15 +/- 2 S.E.M. d. An absolute polycythemia was also observed in both centrifuged groups. The results suggest that chronic centrifugation acts through some as yet unknown mechanism to affect RBC population kinetics.
Acceleration↗
Abnormal canine bone development associated with hypergravity exposure.
Chronic centrifugation of 85- to 92-day-old Beagles at 2.0 X g and 2.6 X g for 26 weeks during the time of active skeletal growth caused skeletal abnormalities in the radius and the ulna of ten of 11 dogs. The pattern of change mimicked that found in naturally occurring and experimentally induced premature distal ulnar physeal closure or delayed growth at this physis. Minimal changes in bone density were detected by sensitive photon absorptiometric techniques. Skeletal abnormalities also were found in five of the six cage-control dogs, although the run-control dogs were radiographically normal.
Animals↗
Effect of chronic centrifugation on bone density of the dog.
Sixteen male Beagle dogs, 293 to 509 days old, were exposed almost continuously for 3 months to 2.0 G on a 7.9m radius centrifuge. The dogs were maintained on the centrifuge by means of a specially designed, automated waste disposal and life support system. Bone density was measured by a 125I Profile Scanner in the anterior, medial posterior and lateral cortex of the femoral mid-shaft. As compared to mean density in the femora of normal gravity controls, centrifuged dogs showed a 0.8% (P less than 0.05) lower mean linear absorption in their femora. However, the regression of density on the square-root of cross-sectional area/pi differs very significantly in the animals living at earth gravity and those living at hypergravity. Thin hypergravic bones are denser, thick hypergravic ones are less dense than the corresponding ones of normal gravity controls.
Animals↗
Studies on the erythron and the ferrokinetic responses in beagles adapted to hypergravity.
Red cell survival, ferrokinetics, and hematologic parameters were investigated in Beagle dogs exposed to chronic hypergravity (2.6 Gx). Ineffective erythropoiesis, red cell mass, plasma volume, and 51 Cr elution were significantly increased; maximum 59Fe incorporation was decreased; and there was no change in the mean erythrocyte life span following autologous injection of 51Cr-labeled red cells and 59Fe-labeled transferrin. Red cell count, Fcells, total body hemoglobin (Hb), susceptability to osmotic lysis, and differential reticulocyte count were increased. White blood cell count, venous blood %Hb, mean cell volume, mean cell Hb, mean cell Hb concentration, and serum iron were decreased. No changes were observed for body mass, mg Fe per g Hb, iron binding capacity, percent saturation of iron carrying capacity, or the electrophoretic mobility of purified Hb. This study indicated that chronic exposure to hypergravity induced changes in red cell size, volume, total mass, and membrane permeability.
Adaptation, Physiological↗
Effect of chronic centrifugation on bone density of the rat.
Alterations in density of the femur of female Sprague-Dawley rats exposed to chronic centrifugation of 2.76 G for 810 days were studied. The density was measured by photon absorptiometry, using a 125I Profile Scanner. The photon absorption measurements were taken: (1) on bone sections from the midshaft of the femur in the anterior, posterior, medial and lateral cortex with the beam path parallel to the shaft axis, and (2) on the femur near the midshaft with the beam path perpendicular to the shaft axis. The latter were correlated with the cross-sectional area in the midshaft. Compared with femora of age-matched rats (age controls) and of rats having body masses comparable to the centrifuged group (weight controls), kept under earth gravity, the chronically centrifuged animals showed no average no significant differences in photon absorption (density) in the four positons in midshaft. The absorption measurements perpendicular to the shaft axis in all groups differ significant differences between the centrifuged group and the control groups. When cross-sections of equal size are compared, the density of the rat femora is clearly higher in the centrifuged animals than in the control groups. In contrast, the age and weight controls do not differ significantly in density. The results suggest that the increased stress in the rat femora due to centrifugation is reflected in an increased bone density.
Absorption↗
The effects of centrifugation on the morphology of the lateral vestibular nucleus in the rat: a light and electron microscopic study.
Very little is known about structural changes in the central nervous system following exposure to increased g forces. Sprague-Dawley rats were centrifuged at Ames Research Center at 2.76-4.15 x g for periods ranging from 4 days to 21 months. The lateral vestibular nuclei were processed for electron microscopy and examined for evidence of structural alteration as a result of centrifugation. The number of filamentous nuclear inclusions, varicosities, and relative number of axosomatic synaptic terminals containing flattened vesicles (presumed inhibitory in function) increased in centrifuged rats. Altered mitochondria also were noted in that cell bodies of Deiters' neurons. Neuroaxonal dystrophy (NAD) was found in long-term centrifuged rats and was characterized by axons filled with reticulated mitochondria. The NAD found in the lateral vestibular nuclei of centrifuged rats is different from that seen in the dorsal column nuclei of aged mice.
Animals↗
Effect of chronic centrifugation on the structural development of the musculoskeletal system of the rat.
25 female Sprague-Dawley rats were placed on a 3.66 m radius centrifuge and subsequently exposed almost continuously for 810 days to 2.76 G. Compared to normal gravity controls, the most noticeable effect of hypergravity was the inhibition of growth of the centrifuged animals. The rats exposed to hypergravity showed on average a smaller femur length (-6.5%), a smaller cross-sectional area (-7.7%, when expressed linearly, i. e. (area/pi)1/2), and smaller outer and inner cross-sectional radii (linearly -9.3% and -12.3%) at the mid-shaft of the femoral bones. The growth inhibition of 3 hind-leg muscles was on average significantly less ranging from (-3.5% to -4.1%), compared to the growth inhibition of the linear dimension of the femur. Statistically there was no difference in the slope and elevation of the regression of the square-root of the cross-sectional area divided by pi on the length of the femur between centrifuged animals and their 16 age matched controls. In the weight control group of 24 animals, comprised of 34,74, and 102 day old rats, the corresponding regression line was parallel and lower in elevation by -12.8%, compared to the line for the centrifuged and age control groups. But, compared to the regression derived from all control animals ranging from 34 to 840 days of age, the cross-sectional area at the mid-shaft of the femur was 8.4% greater in the rats exposed to 2.76 G for 810 days. The slopes of the regression of the outer radius at mid-shaft on the length of the femur were the same in the centrifuged group and in the weight and age control groups of animals. But, the regression lines differed in elevation by -4.4% on average between the centrifuged and age control animals. The line for the regression of the inner radius at the mid-shaft on the length of the femur was parallel and lower in elevation by -7.6% in the centrifuged animals compared to the line for the age controls. But, compared to all control animals living at normal gravity, the outer radius was increased by 3.0% and the inner radius was decreased by 5.7% in the animals exposed to 2.76 G for 810 days. Since the centrifuged animals were all 840 days old, while the controls were from 34 to 840 days old, only further experiments comparing centrifuged and control animals of the same age at various growth stages will be able to furnish evidence for an unambiguous bone hypertrophy. The regressions of the cube-root of body weight on length of the femur deviate significantly in the 3 groups of animals. The heavier rats of the age control group have relatively shorter femurs than the lighter animals. The opposite applies to the centrifuged and the weight control groups of rats. Although the rats on the centrifuge are markedly smaller in overall body size than the controls, they exhibit on average the same absolute muscle weights as the animals at earth gravity, if rats of the same overall body size are compared...
Animals↗
Effect of chronic centrifugation of the musculoskeletal system of the dog.
Sixteen male Beagle dogs, 293 to 509 days old, were exposed almost continuously for 3 months to 2.0 G on a 7.9 meter radius centrifuge. The dogs were maintained on the centrifuge, by means of a specially designed automated waste disposal and life support system. As compared to the mean values of normal gravity controls, centrifuged dogs showed no differences in femur length; cross-sectional area, outer and inner radii at mid-shaft of the femur; dry weights of the biceps femoris, quadriceps femoris, and gastrocnemius muscles. It was shown by analysis of covariance that chronic centrifugation has no effect on the relationship between the length and the cross-sectional dimensions at mid-shaft of the femur. Photon absorptiometry, however, revealed significant mineral content increases averaging 1.5% at 3 sites, i.e., at the 1/4, 1/2 and 3/4 length of the femur.
Animals↗
Regulation of body mass in rats exposed to chronic acceleration.
Female rats approximately 6 mo old were chronically centrifuged for up to 30 days at 2.76 G or 3.18 G and sacrificed at intervals for body-composition study. Both fat and the fat-free body mass (FFBM) were reduced during the 1st wk of centrifugation, with the fat showing considerably more variation both within and between groups. The FFBM was reduced below control level to the same extent in rats fed commercial chow, a high-fat diet, or a high-protein diet or in rats prefasted to produce a body-mass deficit at the start of centrifugation. There were no centrifugation-associated changes in body water content. It was concluded that body fat showed no evidence of regulation, FFBM is regulated at any constant level of acceleration between 1 and 4.15 G, and the change in FFBM induced by a change in acceleration is probably not regulated.
Acceleration↗
Increased uptake and utilization of glucose by diaphragms of rats exposed to chronic centrifugation.
Weaning female Sprague-Dawley rats were exposed to 2.76 or 4.15 G for periods ranging from 2 to 20 wk. The isolated diaphragm tissues from these rats were studied in vitro to determine the uptake of glucose and its utilization to CO2 and glycogen. The diaphragm muscle tissues obtained from centrifuged rats showed higher rates of glucose uptake and 14CO2 production from [U-14C]glucose than those obtained from noncentrifuged controls, but no significant differences in the rate of incorporation of [U-14C]glucose into glycogen were observed. Rats centrifuged for 12 wk at 4.15 G continued to show an increase in diaphragm tissue glucose uptake for periods up to 2 wk after return to normal gravity. The stimulating effect of insulin on the uptake of glucose and its incorporation into glycogen was much higher in the diaphragms of centrifuged rats. From the results of this study, it is concluded that one of the adaptive responses of rats to chronic centrifugation is an increase in glucose metabolism of their muscle tissues.
Adaptation, Physiological↗