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Biomedical subjects

J P Bernimoulin

Publications and source records attributed to J P Bernimoulin.

At least 19 recordsLinked to original sources
PubMed2001

Secretion of gelatinases and activation of gelatinase A (MMP-2) by human rheumatoid synovial fibroblasts.

In monolayer cultures human rheumatoid synovial fibroblasts (HRSF) secrete gelatinase A (MMP-2) and, unlike other human fibroblasts, to a minor extent also gelatinase B (MMP-9) as inactive proenzymes. In this regard HRSF resemble the fibrosarcoma cell line HT-1080. Unlike HT-1080, however, HRSF do not increase the secretion of MMP-9 in response to phorbol-12-myristate-13-acetate. This indicates that in HRSF the protein kinase C pathway for an enhanced MMP-9 secretion is inactive. None of the substances used in our study increased MMP-9 secretion, but some of them inhibited MMP-9 secretion. The secretion of MMP-2 could not be enhanced either, not even by dbcAMP, which has been reported to be effective in Sertoli and peritubular cells. Activation of MMP-2 in HRSF could be induced by treatment with concanavalin A (ConA) or cytochalasin D, as was shown for other cell types. This activation was not accompanied by a significant change in the amount of secreted TIMP-1 and TIMP-2. In contrast to reports on human skin fibroblasts, however, the activation of MMP-2 could not be induced in HRSF by treatment of the cells with monensin or sodium orthovanadate. Moreover, monensin was shown to act as an inhibitor of ConA- or cytochalasin D-mediated activation. Additionally, and in contrast to a report on a rat fibroblast cell line, MMP-2 activation is not mediated via the MAP kinase pathway in HRSF: PD 98059, a specific inhibitor of MAP kinase kinase, did not inhibit the activation of MMP-2. Similarly ineffective were PD 169316, an inhibitor for p38 MAP kinase, other inhibitors for protein kinases as lavendustin A, Gö 6983, wortmannin, rapamycin, as well as the protein tyrosine kinase inhibitors herbimycin A and genistein. Only staurosporin, a broad spectrum inhibitor of protein kinases, and the ionophores monensin and A 23187 effectively inhibited MMP-2 activation in HRSF. Our results demonstrate that MMP-2 can be activated by quite different pathways, and that different cells, even when belonging to the fibroblast family, do not necessarily use the same activating pathways.

Arthritis, Rheumatoid↗
PubMed2001

Local versus systemic adjunctive antibiotic therapy in 28 patients with generalized aggressive periodontitis.

BACKGROUND: Although the use of systemic antibiotics has been studied in patients with generalized aggressive periodontitis (formerly rapidly progressive periodontitis), the use of adjunctive tetracycline fibers in these patients has not been reported. The purpose of the present study was to compare the clinical response of local versus systemic antibiotic treatment as adjuncts to scaling and root planing in patients with GAgP. METHODS: After initial therapy and full-mouth scaling and root planing (SRP), 30 patients were randomly assigned to 1 of 2 antibiotic treatment groups. Probing depth (PD), clinical attachment level (CAL), and bleeding on probing (BOP) were recorded with an automated probe prior to SRP at baseline (BL) and 15, 30, 41, and 54 weeks later. Three months after SRP, the patients were treated with amoxicillin/clavulanic acid (500 mg tid; SRP + AUG group) or with local tetracycline fiber in pockets with PD > or =5 mm (SRP + TCF group). RESULTS: In both treatment groups, PD decreased significantly from BL to week 54 (6.2+/-1.5 mm to 4.7+/-1.4 mm for SRP + TCF and 6.5+/-1.4 mm to 4.2+/-0.6 mm for SRP + AUG). However, there was no statistically significant difference between the 2 groups in pocket reduction. Similarly, in both treatment groups, there were small but significant gains in CAL from BL to week 54 (12.0+/-1.8 mm to 11.3+/-1.8 mm for SRP + TCF and 12.3+/-1.5 mm to 11.2+/-1.2 mm for SRP + AUG). The difference in CAL gain between the 2 groups was not statistically significant. At the final examination, both groups showed significant PD reduction and CAL gain (P <0.001) compared to BL. The frequency and percentage of bleeding sites decreased significantly in both groups. At week 54, this decrease was significantly greater in the SRP + AUG group (31.67% for SRP + TCF versus 3.85% for SRP + AUG). CONCLUSIONS: These results indicate that the local delivery of tetracycline by a fiber or the systemic administration of amoxicillin/clavulanic acid given 3 months after scaling and root planing produced similar clinical outcomes over the 9-month observation period.

Administration, Oral↗
PubMed2001

Observations on a new collagen barrier membrane in 16 consecutively treated patients. Clinical and histological findings.

BACKGROUND: Space-maintaining capacity, cell disclusive potential, and stability over time are crucial factors to achieving sufficient bone augmentation with membrane barriers. The case series presented here assessed a new collagen barrier used in bone augmentation. Clinically, the healing pattern, especially in cases of secondary healing, was studied. METHODS: Soft tissue healing was documented by photographs, and the size of the dehiscences calculated by image analysis. The measurements were performed on digitized photographs. During reentry, barrier remnants were dissected and histologically evaluated. RESULTS: The mean value for dehiscences was 35.5 mm2; all dehiscences healed within 4 weeks after the exposure became evident. The difference was statistically significant between the week 2 and week 6 visits (P = 0.008) for each previously exposed site. The histologic observation of barrier remnants revealed direct apposition of fibrous and bone tissues on the membrane surface. CONCLUSION: In cases of membrane exposure, gingival dehiscences always disappeared in the following weeks without affecting the healing process. Histologic results showed barrier stability over a 6-month period, promoting bone regeneration.

Adult↗
PubMed2000

Suppression of interleukin-10 release from human periodontal ligament cells by interleukin-1beta in vitro.

Periodontitis is characterized by an inflammatory process induced by periodontopathogenic bacteria in the subgingival plaque. Periodontal inflammation can be enhanced by both an increase of inflammatory stimulators, e.g. interleukin (IL)-6, and a decrease of inflammatory inhibitors, e.g. IL-10. The amount of IL-1beta is known to be increased in gingival tissues and in the gingival crevicular fluid from inflamed sites compared to healthy sites. This in vitro study sought to clarity whether IL-1beta (1 ng/ml) has a regulatory effect on the release of these two cytokines from human periodontal ligament (PDL) cells. PDL cells derived from healthy premolars were grown in the presence and absence (control) of IL-1beta. The concentration of IL-6 and IL-10 in the supernatants was assessed by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay after 48 h of culture. PDL cells incubated with IL-1beta released significantly (p < 0.05) higher amounts of IL-6 and significantly (p < 0.01) smaller amounts of IL-10 compared to control. These results give further support to the observation that IL-1beta can increase the IL-6 secretion from PDL cells. Moreover, they provide original evidence that PDL cells secrete IL-10, which can be suppressed by IL-1beta. It is concluded that PDL cells can function as accessory immunoinflammatory cells amplifying the inflammatory process in periodontitis and, thereby, contributing to periodontal breakdown.

Cells, Cultured↗
PubMed2000

Total IgA and Porphyromonas gingivalis-reactive IgA in the saliva of patients with generalised early-onset periodontitis.

Generalised early-onset periodontitis (GEOP) is characterized by acute inflammatory bursts, resulting in rapid destruction of the periodontal apparatus in young adults. An impaired host defense seems to play an important role as etiological factor of periodontitis, especially in the development of GEOP. As the gram-negative Porphyromonas gingivalis has been identified as one of the causative anaerobic bacteria, the humoral immune response to this micro-organism is of particular interest in patients with GEOP. To evaluate the local immune status, we measured total and P. gingivalis-reactive salivary IgA in GEOP patients and in age- and gender-matched periodontally normal controls. We found a significantly lower concentration and secretion rate of total salivary IgA in the GEOP group. Although no differences were detected in the concentration or secretion of P. gingivalis-reactive IgA between groups, the specific fraction of P. gingivalis-reactive IgA of the total IgA was significantly higher in the GEOP group. These findings indicate an inhibition of total secretory IgA in GEOP, while the P. gingivalis-reactive humoral immune system in saliva is, however, activated. P. gingivalis seems to selectively activate IgA lymphocyte clones and induces a switch in the fraction of specific IgA.

Adult↗
PubMed1999

Comparative antiplaque effectiveness of an essential oil and an amine fluoride/stannous fluoride mouthrinse.

The adjunctive use of antimicrobial mouthrinses to help control supragingival plaque and gingivitis has been shown to contribute significantly to patients' daily oral hygiene regimens. This controlled clinical study used an observer-blind, randomized, cross-over design in a 4-day plaque regrowth model to determine the relative efficacies of an essential oil-containing mouthrinse (Listerine Antiseptic) and an amine fluoride/stannous fluoride-containing mouthrinse (Meridol) in inhibiting the development of supragingival plaque. A 0.1% chlorhexidine mouthrinse (Chlorhexamed-Fluid) was used as a positive control, and a 5% hydroalcohol solution was used as a negative control. Dosing for each of the test mouthrinses was based on the manufacturers' label directions. Because the volume and rinse time for each of the test mouthrinses were different, each test mouthrinse had its own negative control group. On day 1 of each test period, subjects received an oral soft and hard tissue examination and a dental prophylaxis to remove all plaque, calculus, and extrinsic stain. Starting the same day, subjects refrained from all mechanical oral hygiene procedures for the next 4 days and rinsed 2x daily under supervision with their randomly-assigned mouthrinse. On day 5, each subject received a plaque assessment as well as an oral examination to assess side effects. Each test period was separated by a 2-week washout period. 23 volunteers with a median age of 26 years completed the study. Compared to the respective placebos, the median percent plaque reductions at 5 days were 23.0%, 12.2%, and 38.2% for the essential oil, amine/stannous fluoride, and chlorhexidine rinses, respectively. The plaque reductions seen in the essential oil and chlorhexidine rinse groups were statistically significant (p < 0.001), while the plaque reduction in the amine/stannous fluoride rinse group was not statistically significant (p > 0.05). Additionally, the essential oil rinse was significantly more effective (p < 0.001) than the amine/stannous fluoride rinse in inhibiting plaque accumulation in this clinical model.

Adult↗
PubMed1999

Repeated local metronidazole-therapy as adjunct to scaling and root planing in maintenance patients.

The purpose of this investigation was to evaluate the effect of local antibiotic therapy with metronidazole adjunctively to scaling and root planing (SRP) versus mechanical treatment alone. 30 maintenance-patients were included in this single-blind study. The subjects had to comply with the following criteria: 2 non-adjacent sites with a probing depth > or =6 mm with bleeding on probing in separate quadrants, no periodontal therapy within the last 3 months, and no antibiotic therapy within the last 6 months. After randomization, the study sites were assigned to one of the following 2 treatments: SRP plus subgingival application of metronidazole 25% dental gel (Elyzol) 5x during 10 days (test site) or SRP alone (control site). Subgingival microbiological samples were taken prior to, and 21 days and 3 months after scaling. The samples were analyzed with a commercial chair-side ELISA (Evalusite) for Porphyromonas gingivalis, Prevotella intermedia and Actinobacillus actinomycetemcomitans. Probing pocket depth (PPD), attachment level (AL) and bleeding on probing (BOP) were recorded at baseline and 3 months later. PPD reduction and AL-gain were statistically significant (p<0.001) after both treatments. However, there were no statistically significant differences between them. The same observation was made for BOP. P. gingivalis was reduced significantly after both treatments without statistically significant differences. P. intermedia was reduced significantly only after SRP. A. actinomycetemcomitans was not reduced significantly after either treatment. In conclusion, the repeated local application of metronidazole as an adjunct to SRP and the mechanical treatment alone showed similar clinical and microbiological effects without statistically significant differences with the exception of P. intermedia.

Administration, Topical↗
PubMed1998

Local metronidazole application in maintenance patients. Clinical and microbiological evaluation.

The purpose of this investigation was to evaluate the clinical and microbiological effect of local antibiotic therapy in comparison with subgingival scaling and root planing in a randomized semi-masked study. Forty-six recall patients who completed systematic periodontal therapy 6 to 24 months prior to the study were enrolled. The inclusion requirements were at least one site with probing depth > or = 5 mm in each quadrant, no scaling, and no antibiotic therapy during the last 6 months. After randomization each patient received 2 different treatments: in 2 quadrants metronidazole 25% dental gel was applied subgingivally to the pockets at day 0 and day 7; scaling and root planing was carried out in the 2 other quadrants, one at day 0 and in the remaining quadrant at day 7. Subgingival microbiological samples were taken from each patient before treatment and on days 21, 91, and 175 after the treatment. The analyses were carried out by indirect immunofluorescence assay. At all treated sites probing depth (PD), clinical attachment level (CAL), and bleeding on probing (BOP) were recorded on days 0, 21, 91, and 175. Both treatments resulted in PD reduction and CAL gain. PD reduction was statistically significant (P < 0.01) for both treatment modalities after 6 months. The CAL gain was not significant for either treatment. There was no statistical significance between scaling and antibiotic therapy. Treponema denticola, Porphyromonas gingivalis, and Prevotella intermedia were significantly reduced after therapy; however, there were no statistically significant differences between treatments. If Actinobacillus actinomycetemcomitans was present before therapy, it was also present after treatment in both groups. The conclusion is that, in recall patients, local application of metronidazole and scaling and root planing showed similar clinical and microbiological effects without statistically significant differences.

Administration, Topical↗
PubMed1997

A clinical study comparing two high-fluoride dentifrices for the treatment of dentinal hypersensitivity.

Amine fluoride, the active ingredient of a currently marketed dentifrice in Germany and other European countries, and sodium fluoride were compared to a placebo dentifrice for their effectiveness in alleviating dentinal hypersensitivity. This was a randomized, double-blind, two-center, parallel clinical study covering 8 weeks of product use by 115 subjects. The hypersensitivity of the affected teeth was assessed by tactile stimulation, cold air stimulation, and overall subjective patient response. The three treatment groups exhibited comparable baseline sensitivity. These three methods of clinical assessment demonstrated that the desensitizing ability of a relatively higher fluoride dentifrice (1,400 ppm), delivered either as amine fluoride or sodium fluoride, did not differ significantly from that of the placebo dentifrice.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1995

Induction of metalloproteinase activity, cartilage matrix degradation and inhibition of endochondral mineralization in vitro by E. coli lipopolysaccharide is mediated by interleukin 1 alpha.

Chronic inflammation and degradation of connective tissue in the course of periodontitis are maintained by bacterial products such as lipopolysaccharides (LPS), which probably act via inflammation mediators, e.g. cytokines. We investigated the effects of lipopolysaccharide (LPS) from E. coli and mouse recombinant interleukin 1 alpha (mrIL-1) on chondrogenesis, endochondral mineralization, matrix metalloproteinase activation and matrix degradation in vitro using cartilage organoid cultures. Mesenchymal cells of limb buds from mouse embryos (day 12) were grown at high density on a membrane filter at the medium/air interphase for 14 days. Chondrogenesis occurred during the first 6 days of culture. Endochondral mineralization took place upon addition of 5 mM beta-glycerophosphate from day 7 to 14. Treatment of the cultures with LPS and mrIL-1 on days 2 to 14 and during mineralization on days 7 to 14 resulted in a marked decrease of types I and II collagen, matrix mineralization and proteoglycan content. In the medium, proteoglycan content and metalloproteinase activity were enhanced. LPS induced IL-1 alpha production and release into the medium. LPS antagonist polymyxin B partly abolished the LPS effect, whereas IL-1 receptor antagonist (IL-1ra) partly abolished both LPS and mrIL-1 effects. Reversal of LPS-induced effects by IL-1ra was comparable to the reversal of mrIL-1 effects, only the decrease in type II collagen after LPS treatment was abolished to a lesser extent by IL-1ra.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)

Amino Acid Sequence↗
PubMed1995

The occurrence of treponemes and their spherical bodies on polytetrafluoroethylene membranes.

The occurrence of small (diameter 0.125 micrometers) and large (diameter 0.27 micrometers) treponemal species on expanded polytetrafluoroethylene membranes were demonstrated in vivo. In the apical part of the expanded polytetrafluoroethylene membrane only the smaller treponemes were colonizing, while in other parts a mixed population of different bacterial species including large treponemes was seen. Only the smaller treponemes were able to form spherical bodies in the occlusive part of the membrane. All morphological characteristics of spherical bodies such as common outer sheath, randomly distributed axial flagella, sheathless protoplasmic cylinders and central bodies could be differentiated. Possible causes for the formation of spherical bodies are discussed.

Adult↗
PubMed1994

Inhibition of chondrogenesis and endochondral mineralization in vitro by different calcium channel blockers.

Limb bud mesenchymal cells from mouse embryos grown at high density at the medium/air interphase undergo chondrogenesis and form numerous nodules of mature cartilage. Addition of beta-glycerophosphate (5 mM) induced endochondral mineralization within these nodules. Ca2+ accumulation, matrix formation and alkaline phosphatase activity were recorded for each culture. Treatment with the L-type channel-specific blockers nifedipine and verapamil during the entire culture period caused an inhibition of mineralization. Sequential treatment reduced mineralization only when added during the early part of the culture period in the course of chondrogenesis. In all cases, matrix formation, estimated by alcian blue binding, was concomitantly diminished. Lanthanum acetate, which blocks Ca2+ channels non-specifically, also reduced Ca2+ accumulation in the cultures when added continuously. After sequential treatment, Ca2+ content was only diminished when the cultures were treated in the last part of the culture period during mineralization. Matrix formation was not altered by lanthanum acetate, but alkaline phosphatase was decreased. These results show that chondrogenic differentiation is under control of L-type Ca2+ channels, whereas matrix calcification depends on intracellular Ca2+ accumulation mediated by lanthanum-sensitive Ca2+ channels. This points to the importance of intracellular Ca2+ accumulation in the process of endochondral mineralization.

Animals↗
PubMed1993

Application of the community periodontal index of treatment needs (CPITN) in a group of 45-54-year-old German factory workers.

The purpose of the present study was to assess the periodontal status of 45-54-year-old patients and to evaluate their treatment needs. Probing depths, bleeding on probing and retentional elements (calculus and overhanging restorations) were determined according to the community periodontal index of treatment needs (CPITN). Additionally, loss of attachment was measured. Results indicated that none of the subjects had a completely healthy periodontium; only 14.7% presented with single sextants which were healthy or needed only improved oral hygiene. Slightly less than half (46.1%) of the subjects were classified as treatment need (TN) category 2 and the remainder (53.9%) as TN3. Of the subjects classed as TN category 3, 14% had the requisite code 4 in one sextant, 18.2% in 2 sextants, 21.7% in half or more of the sextants and 4.2% in all sextants. With a mean of 5.55 sextants per patient, 0.2 sextants per person were scored as code 0 or 1, 1.33 sextants as code 2, 2.79 sextants as code 3 and 1.24 sextants as code 4. The mean loss of attachment was 3.8 mm. Anterior teeth showed less loss of attachment than posterior teeth and buccal and lingual surfaces showed less loss of attachment than mesial and distal surfaces. The data indicate that although this group of 45-54-year-old subjects had high CPITN scores in total TN categories, the codes for complex Treatment Needs (TN3) were recorded only in localized areas.

Dental Calculus↗
PubMed1993

Extracellular matrix analysis of nifedipine-induced gingival overgrowth: immunohistochemical distribution of different collagen types as well as the glycoprotein fibronectin.

The purpose of this study was to demonstrate the localization of collagen types I, III, IV, V, VI and VII as well as the glycoprotein fibronectin in nifedipine-induced gingival overgrowth. The slices, after the use of indirect immunofluorescence (incubation with antibodies against these extracellular matrix components), showed a diffuse distribution with the anti-types I and III in the stroma and fluorescent staining of the basement membranes of the epithelium, blood vessels and nerves with collagen type IV antibodies. The increased number of vessels was localized near the surface of the lesion. Collagen type V - seen as a filamentous - and collagen type VI - as microfibrillar - components were also localized in the tissue, showing completely different patterns of distribution. Collagen type V appeared "crater"-like and type VI displayed a "honeycomb"-shaped structural model. The blood vessels were not stained but the area around their walls demonstrated an intense fluorescence with these antibodies. Collagen type VII showed a characteristic linear staining near to the epithelial basement membrane. In contrast to this, fibronectin localized with a varied intensity in the different areas of the tissues and presented a "cloud"-like structure. This shows differences between the matrix components in nifedipine-induced hyperplasia and confirms the heterogeneity of the matrix in health and in gingival alterations.

Adult↗
PubMed1993

Immunohistochemical distribution of extracellular matrix proteins as a diagnostic parameter in healthy and diseased gingiva.

This study showed histopathological findings of the extracellular matrix in healthy, inflamed, and hyperplastic human gingiva with immunohistochemical techniques. The distribution of collagen types V and VI, as well as of glycoprotein fibronectin, shows that they are extracellular matrix structural components which differentiate the tissue pathology. The orientation of the collagen fibers, the intensity of the fluorescent staining, the thickness of the fibrillar component, and the topographical localization of the connective tissue proteins are important parameters for tissue morphology. Therefore, bacterial deposits and the pharmacodynamic properties of drugs associated with gingival hyperplasia lead to an alteration of the matrix compared to the healthy tissues. This may be important in the tissue pathology in cases when the medical history of the patient is not known, as well as in forensic medicine.

Adult↗
PubMed1993

The double lateral bridging flap for coverage of denuded root surface: longitudinal study and clinical evaluation after 5 to 8 years.

Longitudinal results of a 5 to 8 year follow-up study of the double lateral bridging flap for coverage of gingival recessions (GR) are presented. On a total of 75 GR in 18 patients (31 surgical procedures) the majority of the teeth (58%) showed a root denudation reduction of 75% or more. Total coverage was observed on 18 teeth (24%). Examinations did not show a high correlation between the extent of recession and bone dehiscence after surgery, between the degree of root coverage and the initial width of keratinized gingiva, or between the GR before and after surgery. We conclude that neither the quantity of gingival recession nor the quality of the supporting tissues were a prerequisite for the success of this surgical technique.

Adult↗
PubMed1992

Distribution of fibronectin in healthy, inflamed and drug-induced gingival hyperplasia.

The distribution of fibronectin (FN) in the healthy, inflamed and hyperplastic human gingiva was investigated by indirect immunofluorescence. FN appeared as a fibrillar structure in the lamina propria of the healthy gingivae. In the inflamed specimens, FN demonstrated parallel fibres, especially in the coronal areas of the tissue. In the phenytoin gingival overgrowth, tissue FN was observed as thin fibres with variable length. The thin fibres gave the appearance of penetrating the basement membrane of the epithelium. Cyclosporin A gingival enlargement could be differentiated by phenytoin lesions because of the higher length and the parallel distribution of the FN. Finally, FN was observed in the nifedipine gingival overgrowth, where a microfibrillar delicate network gave the appearance of a "cloud"-pattern of distribution. In all of the specimens, blood vessels and nerves could not be stained. These findings show that FN distribution could differentiate the structure of the gingival lesions.

Actin Cytoskeleton↗