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Biomedical subjects

J P Bray

Publications and source records attributed to J P Bray.

13 recordsLinked to original sources
PubMed1998

Treatment of canine nasal aspergillosis with a new non-invasive technique. Failure with enilconazole.

A new, non-invasive technique recently described for the treatment of canine nasal aspergillosis was performed on four dogs. The antimycotic agent used was a 10 per cent enilconazole suspension, with the drug left in situ for a period of one hour. None of the dogs responded to single treatment. One dog died from an acute septic response secondary to pyelonephritis and bacterial endocarditis eight days after a second treatment. A second dog responded completely to a second treatment and remained free of fungal disease for a follow-up period of 11 months. In the remaining two dogs, extensive and profuse fungal growth was seen on rhinoscopic re-examination. Conventional treatment, with tube implantation into the frontal sinuses and nasal irrigation for two weeks, was performed. Successful resolution of infection was obtained. Although the new, non-invasive technique was simple to carry out and well tolerated by the dogs, instillation of 10 per cent enilconazole appears to have poor therapeutic efficacy and exacerbated fungal growth in two of the animals.

Administration, Topical↗
PubMed1998

Use of omental pedicle grafts in the management of non-healing axillary wounds in 10 cats.

A retrospective analysis of the clinical case histories of 10 domestic shorthaired cats that underwent omentalisation, using a vascular pedicle of greater omentum, of chronic non-healing axillary wounds was carried out. Wounds were debrided and closed in a primary fashion following omentalisation. The cats had undergone a modal number of three previous repair attempts over a three- to 18-month period (mean 11 months) before referral. Further dehiscence occurred in eight cases, requiring a modal number of one further attempt at closure of the wound. Other complications included incisional herniation (two cats), serous exudate from the axillary wound (two cats) and paracostal abscessation (one cat). Long-term cure was achieved in seven of the 10 cases, with wounds finally having healed at a mean of 24 days post-omentalisation. Chronic axillary wounds are particularly difficult to treat and there are no reports of consistently successful techniques for their repair. This report suggests that omentalisation of these wounds may be a step towards such a repair procedure.

Animals↗
PubMed1989

Estimation of minimum alveolar concentration (MAC) for halothane, enflurane and isoflurane in spontaneously breathing guinea pigs.

MAC for halothane, enflurane and isoflurane was determined in guinea pigs (Cavia porcellus) exposed to constant anesthetic concentrations (2.5 hours each) in a flow-through glass chamber. The following values were obtained (N = 8 for each anesthetic): 1.01 +/- 0.03 vol% for halothane, 2.17 +/- 0.04 vol% for enflurane, and 1.15 +/- 0.05 vol% for isoflurane. In guinea pigs, MAC for halothane and enflurane are similar to those reported for other rodents, while MAC for isoflurane is lower. The data indicate that guinea pigs possibly are more susceptible to isoflurane's anesthetic actions than other rodents.

Anesthesia↗
PubMed1977

Comparison of Streptomyces albus muramidase-extracted streptococcal antigen with acid-extracted M antigen and with pepsin-extracted T antigen.

Purified Streptomyces albus lytic enzyme was used in an attempt to extract type-specific antigen from a type 1, group A streptococcus. The presumably type-specific antigen was purified by ammonium sulfate fractionation followed by chromatography on O-(carboxymethyl)-cellulose columns. Comparison of the enzyme-extracted substance with acid-extracted material showed it to be serologically different from M protein. In addition, the extract obtained by enzyme treatment was resistant to trypsin as well as to the lytic enzyme. It was inactivated partially by pepsin and totally by papain. Comparison of the enzyme extract with pepsin-extracted T antigen showed these two preparations to be serologically identical. Subtle differences in their susceptibility to heat and acid treatment were noted. Immunodiffusion analyses of acid-extracted M protein and pepsin-extracted T protein, as well as with the enzyme extract, clearly established that the M-protein preparation contained a component serologically identical with one of the precipitinogens common to the other two extracts.

Antibodies, Bacterial↗
PubMed1971

Changing types of nephritogenic streptococci in Trinidad.

The relation of seven different M types of streptococci to acute glomerulonephritis associated with skin lesions in South Trinidad has been studied by means of type-specific antibody assays as well as by isolation and identification of the strains. The data indicate that, one after another, five of these strains have prevailed among patients with acute glomerulonephritis during the past five years. At least three of the strains (M-types 55, 49, 57, and/or 60) were associated with epidemic increases in nephritis cases. The appearance of five consecutively predominant types of nephritogenic streptococci during a relatively short period of time is in contrast to the continuing prevalence of M-type 12 strains among nephritogenic streptococci primarily associated with respiratory infections in temperate zones. These observations suggest that the skin sores commonly found on children in tropical Trinidad, provide a particularly suitable environment for development of nephritogenic types. It remains to be seen whether these types will recur or whether new types will continue to emerge in Trinidad.

Acute Disease↗
PubMed1969

Separation of the proteolytic and streptolytic components of a Streptomyces albus enzyme preparation and their effect on streptococcal cells.

The complex of enzymes elaborated by a strain of Streptomyces albus was separated by Sephadex G-75 column chromatography. Two major and one minor proteolytic peaks and one streptolytic peak were obtained. The streptolytic fraction alone did not cause lysis of the cells, but was highly effective in the presence of small amounts of trypsin or of the proteolytic components of the enzyme complex. Treatment of cells with the purified streptolytic fraction effected release of group carbohydrate and of a trypsin and pepsin-resistant protein antigen which reacted with type-specific antisera.

Antigens↗
PubMedDate not supplied

Partial resection and omentalization: a new technique for management of prostatic retention cysts in dogs.

OBJECTIVE: The purpose of this study was to determine the results of a new technique for management of prostatic retention cysts in dogs. STUDY DESIGN: A retrospective clinical study. ANIMALS: Eighteen client-owned dogs. METHODS: Dogs with prostatic retention cysts were treated by celiotomy and drainage of the cysts. The majority of the cyst wall was resected and residual cyst cavities were packed with omentum. All dogs were castrated. RESULTS: Long-term resolution of clinical signs was achieved in all dogs, with follow-up periods ranging from 6 to 42 months. Five dogs developed urinary incontinence postoperatively. This persisted in two dogs, but was well controlled with phenylpropanolamine. In the remaining dogs, the incontinence was transient and resolved within 2 months of surgery. CONCLUSIONS: Partial cyst resection combined with omentalization and castration was a simple and effective means of managing prostatic retention cysts. The incidence of serious complications, including postoperative urinary incontinence, was low.

Animals↗
PubMedDate not supplied

Ultrasonographic examination of the pharynx and larynx of the normal dog.

Real-time ultrasonographic examination of the canine larynx was performed in 12 normal dogs using a 7.5-mHz mechanical sector scanner combined with a stand-off. A variety of breeds and ages were examined. All examinations were performed in nonsedated, conscious animals. Transverse scans were found to provide the most reliable and interpretable images. Identification of laryngeal structures included the epiglottis, laryngeal and cricoid cartilages, and the vocal cords. In conscious animals, abduction and adduction of the vocal cords associated with respiration could be identified if the animal was made to pant during the examination. Movement of the vocal cords could also be quantified by pulse-wave Doppler recording. In all animals, recordings were made during inspiration only, with muscular vibration at a rate less than 0.1 m/s.

Animals↗
PubMedDate not supplied

The canine intervertebral disk: part one: structure and function.

Intervertebral disk disease continues to be a common and debilitating condition of dogs. In the first of a two-part article on the canine intervertebral disk, the microscopic and ultrastructural anatomy of the normal, nonchondrodystrophoid disk is described. Specific attention is placed on elements of the structure which impart important functional attributes. Finally, the role of the intervertebral disk in providing flexibility to the vertebral column is discussed, with a description of its biomechanical properties and reaction to compressive loads.

Animals↗
PubMedDate not supplied

The canine intervertebral disk. Part Two: Degenerative changes--nonchondrodystrophoid versus chondrodystrophoid disks.

In the second of a two-part article on the canine intervertebral disk, the morphological changes which occur within the disk during aging and degeneration are described. Degeneration of the intervertebral disk appears to be a self-perpetuating process as a consequence of disruption to the annulus fibrosus, cellular remodeling, altered biomechanical loading, and nutritional deficiencies. In the nonchondrodystrophoid disk, premature acceleration of the aging process can occur following traumatic disruption to the annulus fibrosus. This degeneration usually occurs in isolated disks along the length of the vertebral column. By contrast, disk degeneration in the chondrodystrophoid breeds occurs simultaneously in all disks along the vertebral column and usually is well advanced by two years of age. Ultrastructural differences between the intervertebral disk of the nonchondrodystrophoid dog and that of the chondrodystrophoid dog may explain the rapidity and severity of degenerative changes in the latter breeds.

Aging↗