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Biomedical subjects

J P Chevrel

Publications and source records attributed to J P Chevrel.

At least 55 records · Page 3Linked to original sources
PubMed1982

[Indications and future of the Hartmann operation. Cooperative study of 126 cases (author's transl)].

The main indications for the Hartmann operation are cancer and sigmoiditis. It is done as an emergency in 70% of the time, more often for peritonitis, generally from diverticulitis. (45% of the time) than for occlusion usually due to cancer (30% of the time). The high mortality (33%) is due to the precarious condition of the patients, and only 25% are due to the operation, usually from disruption of the rectal stump. The reestablishment of the intestinal continuity, now facilitated by the clip forceps, was possible in 37 cases with no mortality. This represents 28.9% of the group, but only 52.1% were alive six months later. Only 6.8% of the cancer cases were benefited; however, 51% of the sigmoiditis cases and 87.5% of the cases of traumatic perforation were benefited. These results plus the advantages furnished by the autosuturing forceps justify renewal of interest in this operation first described 60 years ago.

Adult↗
PubMed1982

[Reconstruction of the metanephros of a human embryo of 20 millimeters. Study of the origin of the renal artery].

The authors have reconstructed by the Born's method, the uretero-pyelo-calycial system of a 20 mm human embryo, the aortic axis and the branches given off, at a magnification of 400. This reconstruction shows two antero-lateral branches which are the only mesonephrotic arteries persisting at this stage, and two arteries issued from the aorta at the level of the second lumbar arteries; these are undoubtedly the renal arteries; this is supported by their lateral origin formerly observed on a 17 mm embryo and by their termination at the level of the future renal hilum. This renal artery which is directly metanophrotic, weakens certain classical affirmations considering the renal artery as a mesonephrotic artery, secondarily picked up by the metanephros at the end of its migration.

Humans↗
PubMed1981

[Pre-operative preparation of the colon: a controlled prospective multicentre study in 215 patients (author's transl)].

Three procedures for pre-operative preparation of the colon were compared during a controlled multicentre study in 215 patients. Though mechanical irrigation with a 10 p. cent mannitol solution is definitely superior as far as the degree of intestinal emptying obtained, no significant difference was noted in the frequency or severity os postoperative infections after conventional preparations by digestive tract irrigation with or without intestinal antibiotics. This method is limited by its tolerance (67 p. cent), its advantages are its rapidity and cost, elective indications being ascending colon lesions with little or no stenosis in young subjects. In other circumstances it has to be compared with the conventional methods of preparation, which should still be employed before operation in subjects who are elderly and/or have moderate to severe stenosis. The addition of antibiotics (neomycin, metronidazole by mouth) reduces the incidence of postoperative sepsis to a marked but non-significant degree, independently of the lesion (cancer, sigmoiditis) and its site. A recent study by F. Lazorthes has led him to prefer an association of antibiotics active against aerobic and anaerobic flora: orally preoperatively, and systemically during surgery.

Adult↗
PubMed1981

[Attempt at defining a pyelocaliceal system. Application to partial nephrectomy].

A comparative study of the pyelo-caliceal segmentation of the kidney and the arterial intra-parenchymal segmentation has been realised from the analysis of 60 plastic molds of the pyelo-caliceal system from which 42 were also molds of the arterial and venous systems (Fig. 8). These molds were obtained through injection with Rhodopas, then corrosion by hydrochloric acid. Their analytical study concludes to the existence of a pyelo-caliceal systematization and particularly of an intra-parenchymal arterial segmentation that corresponds to the pyelo-caliceal arborization.

Aged↗
PubMed1980

[Stewart-Treves syndrome (author's transl)].

Thirteen years after a right mastectomy with axillary node dissection completed by radiotherapy, a 78-year-old woman still had lymphoedema of the homolateral upper limb. The development of an angiosarcomatous tumour on the medial surface of the right arm led to a diagnosis of Stewart-Treves syndrome, this lesion considered by some to be metastasis of carcinoma of the breast and by others as a separate clinicopathological entity close to primary cutaneous angiosarcomas.

Aged↗
PubMed1979

[Chemotherapy for digestive carcinomas. Results of a phase II clinical trial (author's transl)].

A so-called "phase II" clinical trial was carried out in 89 patients with digestive carcinomas who were treated either by chemotherapy alone or by a combination of surgery and chemotherapy. Thirty-five patients with inoperable tumours received chemotherapy alone without any noticeable improvement. Thirty-two patients had tumours which were operable but with inoperable extension. Palliative chemotherapy, given after surgery to reduce the size of the tumour, resulted in a prolongation of survival. Twenty-two patients with operable tumours without inoperable extension benefited from routine adjuvant chemotherapy.

Bile Duct Neoplasms↗
PubMed1979

[Histological study of livers conserved for long periods (author's transl)].

33 pig livers were preserved using two comparative methods: extra-corporeal perfusion and immersion in hypothermia. The duration of conservation varied between 2 and 24 hours. A macroscopic and microscopic study carried out in all cases permitted us to define four cytological stages for the lesions, completed by an ultrastructural study showing the cyto-pathological course of the hepatocytes in two distinct cell series. The interest of this study is to better appreciate the degree of aggression of the lobule in relation to the metabolic gradient and that of the hepatic parenchyma. Analysis of the results is in favour of conservation of the liver by immersion.

Animals↗
PubMed1979

[The dichotomous distribution of the renal calices].

The analysis of the caliceal cavities of 30 pairs of Kidneys shows a dichotomous distribution of two types: cranio-caudal for the major calices, ventro-dorsal for the minor ones. The dichotomous organization does not result from the initial division of the ureteral bud: but it should depend upon the renal arteries growth commanding a new caliceal pattern during the morphogenesis of the Kidney.

Aged↗
PubMed1978

[Chemotherapy for digestive carcinomas. General principles (author's transl)].

A review of the basic principles concerning the biology, and in particular the kinetics, of the malignant cell, serves as a basis for the study of the main drugs which make up the current arsenal of the chemotherapist and to define their mode of action. The indications of chemotherapy in digestive carcinomas are then outlined, drawing the distinction between palliative chemotherapy used in tumours with spread, whether operable or inoperable, and adjuvant chemotherapy which may be indicated for certain carcinomas resected in a macroscopically satisfactory manner, but where the risk of recurrence is greater than 50%.

Alkylating Agents↗