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Biomedical subjects

J P Costiloe

Publications and source records attributed to J P Costiloe.

At least 19 recordsLinked to original sources
PubMed1978

Relationship of maternal amino acid profiles at 25 weeks of gestation to fetal growth.

In a study of the relationship of maternal nutrition to fetal development, the free amino acid concentration was determined in the plasma of 43 subjects sampled between the 20th to 30th (25 +/- 3.7) week of pregnancy. Significant positive correlations were found between mothers' 25-week plasma levels of aspartic acid, serine, alanine, tyrosine, ornithine, and arginine, and babies' size at birth. The concentration of total free amino acids in plasma from mothers of fetally malnourished infants, was significantly lower than that from mothers having normal babies. The branched chain amino acids isoleucine and valine were at normal levels, suggesting a sparing effect for these amino acids.

Amino Acids↗
PubMed1977

Fetal malnutrition: an appraisal of correlated factors.

Fetal malnutrition has emerged as a significant health problem over the past decade. Present evidence suggests that maternal environment plays the major etiologic role in fetal malnutrition. The association of fetal malnutrition in mothers with chronic hypertension is well known, but fetal malnutrition is associated with maternal hypertension in less than 25 per cent of cases. Among a group of 182 pregnant women studied at midpregnancy for blood levels of vitamins, trace metals, proteins, amino acids, and parameters of maternal leukocyte energy metabolism, it was found that the concentration of 10 amino acids, alpha-1-globulin, zinc, and total carotenes had a statistically significant relationship to fetal growth. Similarly significant correlations were found for maternal leukocyte adenosine disphosphate, phosphofructokinase activity, ribonucleic acid (RNA) synthesis, and cell size. Maternal cigarette smoking was correlated with reduced fetal growth. Analysis showed that there was a significant reduction in leukocyte RNA synthesis and phosphokinase activity and in the plasma levels of 14 amino acids, and carotene in smoking mothers. This information lends support to the hypothesis that factors which affect the growth of fetal cells also will affect maternal leukocytes in a definable way.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1977

Evaluation of two dose levels of loxapine succinate in chronic schizophrenia.

In a double-blind, placebo controlled design in chronic schizophrenic inpatients using 50 mg. and 100 mg. LOX, an attempt was made to replicate the findings of a previous study and to establish the dose-level and duration of treatment optimal for this kind of patient. Multiple regression analysis adjusting for dose, age, duration of illness, and baseline values indicated that 100 mg. LOX was an effective dose as previously shown. In contrast to the previous study, significant response effects were found by the 4th week. In addition, the dose was linearly related to response on nearly all the variables. The principal side effects were drowsiness and extrapyramidal signs.

Adult↗
PubMed1977

Butaclamol in newly admitted chronic schizophrenic patients: a modified fixed-dose dose-range design.

In a double-blind placebo controlled study of newly admitted chronic schizophrenics, an attempt was made to further evaluate the safety, acceptability, and effectiveness of BT in doses of 10, 20, and 40 mg. Significant dose related responses occurred on several behavioral variables by the first week of treatment. Maximum clinical response appeared to be at the 20-40 mg. dose level. Extrapyramidal signs occurred at all doses, but with greater severity at higher doses. Excessive daytime drowsiness occurred in all groups but with longer duration and greater intensity in the 20 mg. group. Rebound insomnia occurred after the abrupt withdrawal of BT at all dose levels suggesting the desirability of further study of its hypnotic properties.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1975

Loxapine in newly admitted chronic schizophrenic patients.

The standard drug Stelazine (STEL), at a dose of 50 mg/day, exhibited therapeutic activity significantly different from placebo (PL) activity on several variables, most notably BPRS, attesting to the sensitivity of the experiment. On the other hand, the investigational drug, loxapine (LOX), in doses of 100 mg/day for four weeks, could be differentiated from PL as treatment in the described population on only one variable (NGI-Imp.) and one item of the BPRS. On several variables, positive trends were noted, but the differences from PL did not attain the critical values necessary for statistical significance at P smaller than 0.05. One might speculate that the relatively short duration of treatment in this study might account for the difference between these disappointing results and the more gratifying results of a previous loxapine study in chronic long-term institutionalized schizophrenics with the same oral dose.

Adult↗
PubMed1975

Twenty-four hour automatic monitoring of blood pressure and heart rate at work and at home.

It proved feasible and practical to automatically record indirect blood pressure at 15 minute intervals with a 4 pound portable device throughout a 24 hour period in five subjects at work and at home, awake and asleep. Of the subjects, two were apparently healthy and three had coronary artery disease, mild essential hypertension, and emphysema, respectively. Most striking was the hypotension accompanying sleep, which was greatest in the hypertensive subject and least in the subject with emphysema. Activity, while mainly walking, resulted in only modest changes in pressure. There was a tendency toward slight pressure rises associated with eating and modest tachycardia while driving a car. There was a tendency in all five subjects to exhibit somewhat higher pressures during the first 4 to 5 hours after awakening.

Adult↗
PubMed1975

Pimozide in chronic schizophrenic outpatients.

In a double blind placebo controlled clinical evaluation of maintenance therapy in chronic schizophrenic female outpatients, thiordazine in single daily doses not exceeding 375 mg./day for 6 months was shown to be effective maintenance treatment compared with PL, thereby establishing the sensitivity of the experiment. Pimozide was also shown to be effective in a single oral dose not exceeding 16 mg./day and comparable overall to the standard drug. The experimental design was based on the anticipated retrogression of PL treated subjects during the 6-month study period, which was reflected in 5 of 9 (56%) "treatment failures" in the PL group compared to 2 of 14 (14%) and 2 of 12 (17%) in the THI and PIM groups, respectively. In addition, in some instances improvement over baseline evaluations was noted in both drug groups, particularly on global impression. Though some items of the BPRS exhibited Drug: PL differences, the scale in general was felt to be rather insensitive for this kind of study. Social adjustment ratings on a special scale completed by the patients and families alike, were also found to be insensitive to treatment differences. Side effects most often seen with THI were sedation, EKG and liver function abnormalities. Headache and restlessness occurred most often with PIM. Extrapyramidal symptoms and insomnia were seen most often with PIM and PL equally.

Adult↗
PubMed1975

Synthetic thyroid releasing hormone (TRH) administered orally to chronic schizophrenic patients.

Synthetic TRH and PL were administered orally for 3 weeks (300 mg./day), to long-term institutionalized chronic schizophrenic patients, within the framework of a double blind placebo controlled crossover study. Significant changes in physiological and laboratory parameters suggested increased thyroid activity, but significant favorable psychiatric and behavioral changes were not observed. This study does not support the idea that oral TRH could be useful treatment for long-term institutionalized chronic schizophrenic patients, who generally respond readily to major neuroleptic drugs.

Administration, Oral↗