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Biomedical subjects

J P Fryns

Publications and source records attributed to J P Fryns.

At least 19 recordsLinked to original sources
PubMed1992

A severe case of mandibuloacral dysplasia in a girl.

We report on a 16-year-old girl with mandibuloacral dysplasia, a rare progeroid syndrome. She presented at age 2 years with thin skin on the limbs, characteristic face with prominent eyes, a pinched nose, micrognathia, and small mouth. Hair was sparse and brittle. The terminal phalanges were hypoplastic and showed acroosteolysis. On follow-up, hands and feet showed progressive camptodactyly of fingers and toes with total loss of subcutaneous tissue. The clavicles were hypoplastic. Intelligence was normal. We review the literature on the subject and discuss differential diagnosis.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1992

Variability versus heterogeneity in syndromal hypothalamic hamartoblastoma and related disorders: review and delineation of the cerebro-acro-visceral early lethality (CAVE) multiplex syndrome.

We report on a case of neonatal hypothalamic hamartoblastoma with holoprosencephaly, Hirschsprung disease, and tetramelic postaxial polydactyly. Twenty-seven previous cases of congenital hypothalamic embryonic tumours with associated congenital defects are reviewed. A classification in isolated, associated, and syndromal forms is proposed. The difficulties encountered in differential diagnosis between the syndromal form (mainly represented by the Pallister-Hall syndrome) and related diseases as Smith-Lemli-Opitz type II, holoprosencephaly-polydactyly, orofaciodigital type VI and hydrolethalus syndromes are outlined. Two pathogenic mechanisms are discussed: a classical pleiotropic model and single sequence model. The latter is sufficient to delineate syndromal hypothalamic hamartoblastoma. With the former, syndromal hypothalamic hamartoblastoma cannot be clearly recognized in the absence of a CNS tumour, a child with syndromal hypothalamic hamartoblastoma cannot be reliably diagnosed as Pallister-Hall rather than another MCA syndrome, and, ultimately, the existence of Pallister-Hall syndrome could be questioned, as it could only be the extreme expression of one or several other syndromes. As this hypothesis cannot be proven or disproven at this point, the authors suggest creating the concept of multiplex phenotype. "Cerebro-Acro-Visceral Early lethality multiplex syndrome" is suggested to encompass all the ambiguous cases. Within this complex, an operative classification key is proposed.

Abnormalities, Multiple↗
PubMed1992

Constrictive amniotic bands, amniotic adhesions, and limb-body wall complex: discrete disruption sequences with pathogenetic overlap.

In a fetopathologic evaluation of 18 cases with amniotic bands, we discerned 3 types of lesions: (1) constrictive tissue bands, (2) amniotic adhesions, and (3) more complex anomaly patterns, designated as limb-body wall complex (LBWC). Constrictive bands are caused by primary amnion rupture with subsequent entanglement of fetal parts (mostly limbs) by shriveled amniotic strands. Adhesive bands are the result of a broad fusion between disrupted fetal parts (mostly cephalic) and an intact amniotic membrane. Most of the craniofacial defects (encephaloceles and/or facial clefts) occurring in these fetuses are not caused by constrictive amniotic bands, but are the result of a vascular disruption sequence with or without cephalo-amniotic adhesion. Our observations confirm the fact that amnion rupture is not a conditio sine qua non for the development of LBWC. However, LBWC is often complicated by rupture of the unsupported amnion with ensuing formation of constrictive bands. We think that the concept that considers the 3 lesions in question as a single pathogenetic entity is erroneous and will inevitably lead to a never-ending debate between followers of the 2 prevailing theories. In our view, the theories of Streeter and Torpin are not mutually exclusive but rather apply to different types of lesions. The recognition of constrictive amniotic bands, amniotic adhesions, and LBWC as discrete but often combined disruption sequences with important pathogenetic overlap may resolve many dilemmas in interpretation when a fetus exhibits classical constrictive bands beside more severe defects.

Amnion↗
PubMed1992

Acrofacial dysostosis syndrome type Rodriguez: a new lethal MCA syndrome.

We present a female fetus with the lethal acrofacial dysostosis syndrome recently delineated by Rodriguez et al. [1990]. The present findings confirm that this syndrome constitutes a true MCA syndrome in which mandibulofacial dysostosis and severe limb reduction defects are associated with complex malformations of different organs and systems especially the CNS, the urogenital tract, heart, and lungs.

Abnormalities, Multiple↗
PubMed1992

McKusick-Kaufman syndrome: the diagnostic challenge of abdominal distension in the neonatal period.

We report a newborn girl with McKusick-Kaufman syndrome who presented at birth with severe life-threatening abdominal distension due to hydrometrocolpos. In children with polydactyly and cystic masses in the lower abdomen should hydrometrocolpos be especially considered. Ultrasonography is of great value in the correct assignment of lower abdominal tumours, but should be completed by vagino(cysto)scopy when hydrometrocolpos is suspected.

Abnormalities, Multiple↗
PubMed1992

Simultaneous measurement, using flow cytometry, of radiosensitivity and defective mitogen response in ataxia telangiectasia and related syndromes.

In a retrospective study, peripheral blood mononuclear cells from 13 patients with known ataxia telangiectasia (AT) (Louis Bar syndrome, McKusick #20890) were irradiated with different doses of X-rays prior to stimulation with phytohaemagglutinin. Mitogen response and cell cycle progression were assessed by two-parameter 5-bromo-2'-deoxyuridine/Hoechst--ethidium bromide flow cytometry. Compared to age-matched controls, AT cells show a severely defective mitogen response in both unirradiated and irradiated cells. Following irradiation with 1.5 Gy, AT cells exhibit significantly greater accumulations of cells in the G2 phase of the first cell cycle than controls. The ratio between the number of cells accumulated in the first cycle G2 phase and the growth fraction provides a clear distinction between AT and control cultures. In addition, two patients with microcephaly, normal intelligence, immunodeficiency, chromosomal instability and risk for lymphoreticular malignancies (Seemanová syndrome) and two patients with the Nijmegen breakage syndrome (both syndromes are listed as McKusick #25126) also exhibit very poor mitogen response and moderately increased G2 phase accumulations after X-irradiation. The simultaneous assessment of radiosensitivity and mitogen response in a single cell kinetic assay provides a speedy and accurate classification of cells of AT and AT-related syndromes.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1992

Pathogenesis of congenital cystic adenomatoid malformation of the lung.

Congenital cystic adenomatoid malformation is a rare developmental abnormality of the lung. In most earlier reported cases, the anatomy of the bronchial tree was poorly documented. We describe four cases studied following autopsy. Post-mortem bronchography or serial microscopical examination showed segmental bronchial absence or atresia in each of them. Our observations provide further evidence pointing to bronchial atresia as being the primary defect leading to the development of congenital cystic adenomatoid malformation. The morphology of the lesion, i.e. the type of malformation, is determined by the extent of dysplastic lung growth beyond the atretic segment. The aetiology of the bronchial atresia is probably heterogeneous and may either represent a primary malformation, or be the result of vascular disruption.

Autopsy↗
PubMed1992

MASA syndrome.

Explore the source record for details and available documents.

Chromosome Aberrations↗
PubMed1992

Severe pre- and postnatal growth retardation, developmental delay with hypotonia and marked hypotrophy of the distal extremities, dental anomalies, and eczematous skin. A new autosomal recessive entity.

We report on three young children, two girls and one boy, with pre- and postnatal growth deficiency, hypotonia, psychomotor retardation with notably impaired speech development, hypotrophy of the distal extremities, small hands and feet, small and widely spaced teeth, eczematous skin, and, in two of them, a partial agenesis of the corpus callosum. To our knowledge this specific combination of features has not been reported before. Since the two girls are sisters and the boy is the product of a consanguineous marriage, the inheritance of this new syndrome appears to be autosomal recessive.

Abnormalities, Multiple↗
PubMed1992

Interstitial deletion of the distal long arm of chromosome 4.

We report the first case of an interstitial deletion of the distal long arm of chromosome 4 (q31.22----q34.2). The major clinical features are described and compared to those of other published reports of del 4q, mainly those sharing a common deleted segment with the present case (both interstitial and terminal). This comparison suggests that the characteristic phenotype attributed to terminal deletions of 4q31----qter probably mainly results from loss of the segment q31----q33-34.

Abnormalities, Multiple↗
PubMed1992

Oculoauriculovertebral spectrum and cerebral anomalies.

We report on three Dutch children with a clinical diagnosis of oculoauriculovertebral spectrum (OAVS) and hydrocephalus. The clinical features are compared to 15 published cases of OAVS and hydrocephalus. Several other cerebral abnormalities were present in the whole group. About half of the cases had cleft lip/palate, anophthalmia/microphthalmia, or a cardiac defect. Mental retardation was found in five of the surviving 11 patients and early death occurred in one-third. We compared the cases with OAVS and hydrocephalus with published reports of OAVS and other cerebral anomalies and found no significant clinical differences. However, the clinical characteristics were clearly more severely expressed than generally found in patients with OAVS. Children with OAVS and more severe clinical features, especially anophthalmia/microphthalmia and cleft lip/palate, seem to be at an increased risk for cerebral malformations and for mental retardation.

Child, Preschool↗