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Biomedical subjects

J P Grausz

Publications and source records attributed to J P Grausz.

15 recordsLinked to original sources
PubMed1988

Chronic lung disease in premature infants: a retrospective evaluation of underlying factors.

A retrospective case-control study involving 99 premature infants requiring vigorous respiratory support was conducted to investigate the relative contribution of various etiologic factors in the development of chronic lung disease (CLD). Nineteen of the 99 developed CLD. Background and management factors up to the development of CLD, with attention to mode of ventilation (tube, or face mask/nasal prongs) were investigated. Infants in the CLD group had significantly lower birth weights (BW) (p less than .001) and gestational ages (p less than .01) than those in the non-CLD group. There was no difference in the incidence of intrathoracic airleak or symptomatic patent ductus arteriosus. Of the CLD group, 74% were intubated compared with 35% in the non-CLD group (p less than .002). There was no difference between the groups in the morbidity score of initial pulmonary disease or in the duration of ventilation with various pressures and oxygen concentrations. Multiple logistic regression analysis revealed that intubated infants were 4.8 times more likely to develop CLD than nonintubated infants, and infants with low BW had a 3.2-fold greater risk of developing the disease.

Apgar Score↗
PubMed1983

Factors influencing survival and morbidity with very low birth weight delivery.

Factors influencing survival and morbidity in a group of 214 consecutively delivered very low birth weight infants (500 to 1500 g) are examined. The perinatal mortality was 313 per 1000 births. Of 185 live-born, congenitally normal infants, 133 (72%) were discharged alive. Respiratory distress syndrome was the most common form of significant morbidity, occurring in 114 infants (62%). Intraventricular hemorrhage was diagnosed in 38 (21%) of the infants. Neither survival nor morbidity was influenced by the mode of delivery. The current trend of a liberalized policy of cesarean section for the very low birth weight delivery is questioned.

Apgar Score↗
PubMed1983

Asphyxia and gestational age.

Perinatal asphyxia at term is a major cause of mortality and morbidity. In many instances obstetric or maternal complications during pregnancy, labor, or delivery account for the asphyxia, but there is a group of infants in whom asphyxia occurs without any recognizable risk factors. The histories of 1602 infants were evaluated with these problems in mind. There were 547 infants without any complicating factors, 329 with obstetric complications, and 356 with miscellaneous maternal, fetal, and neonatal problems. The mean gestational age of these infants was 277.4 days. Fetal distress was noted in 183 cases without subsequent neonatal disease; the mean gestation of these infants was 282.7 days. Unexpected intrapartum asphyxia was observed in 187 instances with a mean gestation of 288.8 days. Those who died or had neurologic symptoms had the longest mean gestation, 291 days. Only 5% of the infants dying of unexpected perinatal asphyxia and less than 16% of those with neurologic symptoms were born before their due dates; approximately 64% of the infants with obstetric complications, miscellaneous problems, or no complications or morbidity were born before 280 days. The implications for management of pregnancy at or beyond 280 days are discussed.

Asphyxia Neonatorum↗
PubMed1982

A method for assessing carbohydrate energy absorption and its application to premature infants.

A method was developed for assessing indirectly the fecal excretion of carbohydrate-derived energy. Then, eight healthy premature infants (28 to 32 wk gestation, postnatal age 12 to 30 days) were randomly assigned to receive one of two formulas that differed only in the carbohydrate source: 100% lactose or 50% lactose: 50% glucose polymer (lactose + glucose polymer). Excreta collections were analyzed for total nitrogen, urea nitrogen, ammonia, fat, and total energy. Carbohydrate energy absorption was calculated. The formulas were well tolerated and stool frequency, energy intake, weight gain, and nitrogen balance were not different in the two formula groups. Also, there were no significant intergroup (lactose versus lactose + glucose polymer) differences in the coefficients (%) (x +/- SD) of fat absorption (90 +/- 6 versus 93 +/- 5) or carbohydrate energy absorption (96 +/- 1 versus 95 +/- 3). Thus, net carbohydrate-energy absorption appeared normal in these premature infants who showed no clinical formula intolerance.

Absorption↗
PubMed1981

Thermal environment change in growing premature infants: effect on general somatic growth and subcutaneous fat accumulation.

Fourteen growing, healthy premature infants were moved from heated incubators to cribs at different points in their growth. Group A (six babies) was moved when babies reached a weight of 1,600 to 1,700 gm; group B (eight babies) when babies reached a weight of 1,800 to 1,900 gm. All other conditions of rearing were kept the same. The effect on their growth and thermal stability was measured during the week before and after the temperature change. All infants tolerated the change well. There was no drop in abdominal temperature in an environment cooler by 5 C. The rate of weight gain correlated with gross energy intake only and did not differ within or between the two groups. The rate of growth of the skinfolds increased dramatically after the infants were moved from the incubator. A cooler environment in a growing premature infant (weight greater than 1,600 gm) may promote faster deposition of subcutaneous fat. This might be an important factor in efficient gain in cold resistance.

Adipose Tissue↗
PubMed1979

The effect of a perinatal center on perinatal mortality.

The evolution of a perinatal center over the past 12 years was reviewed. Factors in obstetric practices, maternal morbidity, and perinatal mortality were evaluated. The reduction in conditions leading to uteroplacental insufficiency (toxemia, hypertension, high parity) has been the most significant result. This in turn has led to a decrease in deaths from abruption, asphyxia, and respiratory distress syndrome (RDS). The practice of referring high-risk mothers to a perinatal center for delivery can continue to reduce perinatal mortality significantly.

Birth Weight↗
PubMed1977

Outbreak of influenza in a neonatal intensive care unit.

An outbreak of influenza A/Victoria/3/75 (H3N2) involving five infants in a neonatal intensive care unit is described. The clinical signs and symptoms were indistinguishable from those seen in bacterial sepsis. There was no evidence of meningoencephalitis. All infants recovered without any sequelae.

Antibodies, Viral↗