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Biomedical subjects

J P Grogan

Publications and source records attributed to J P Grogan.

7 recordsLinked to original sources
PubMed1984

Cervical radiculopathy: computed tomography and myelography compared.

The accuracy of CT in the determination of cervical disk herniation has not been measured as it has in the determination of lumbar disk disease. Cervical myelograms and CT scans of patients with cervical radiculopathy secondary to disk herniation or spondylosis, which was verified by clinical examination, surgery, and in most cases EMG, were evaluated blindly and independently, results were analyzed statistically, and receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curves were calculated. CT without or with the use of intrathecal metrizamide was more accurate than myelography in the identification of lesions that caused cervical radiculopathy. In some patients, CT obviates the need for cervical myelography. With improvement in CT techniques and more experience in interpreting the images, CT will be increasingly important in the evaluation of cervical radiculopathy.

Cervical Vertebrae↗
PubMed1984

The normal conus medullaris: CT criteria for recognition.

The normal CT configuration and dimension of the conus medullaris and adjacent spinal cord were determined in 30 patients who had no clinical evidence of conus compression. CT studies were also correlated with anatomic sections in cadavers. The normal conus on CT has a distinctive oval configuration, an anterior sulcus, and a posterior promontory. The anteroposterior diameter ranged from 5 to 8 mm; the transverse diameter from 8 to 11 mm. Intramedullary processes altered both the dimensions and configuration of the conus.

Astrocytoma↗
PubMed1983

Computed tomographic study of hormone-secreting microadenomas.

A review was made of the computed tomographic (CT) studies of 33 patients with hormone-secreting microadenomas that had been verified by transsphenoidal surgery and endocrinologic evaluation. In previous studies in small series of patients, the CT appearance of pituitary microadenomas has been reported as hypodense, isodense, and hyperdense. In this study, CT showed a region of diminished enhancement and usually an enlarged pituitary gland in cases of prolactin-secreting adenomas. HGH- or ACTH-secreting adenomas were less consistently hypodense. It is concluded that hypodensity and enlargement in the pituitary gland are the most useful criteria for identification of microadenomas. Some technical factors that may affect the CT appearance of microadenomas and lead to conflicting reports are discussed.

Adenoma↗
PubMed1983

Differential CT diagnosis of extruded nucleus pulposus.

The detection and differential diagnosis of extruded (free) disk fragments by CT has not been described in detail. We reviewed the lumbar CT scans of 57 patients with extruded disk fragments and of 31 patients in whom the CT appearance of disk fragments was simulated by other processes. An extruded disk fragment commonly appears on CT scans as an epidural mass that must be distinguished from either an epidural tumor or an anomalous root sheath. A normal posterior disk margin does not exclude a disk herniation when the nuclear fragment is extruded. Free disk fragments can be differentiated from root-sheath anomalies and tumors in most cases by measuring tissue densities and analyzing adjacent bone.

Contrast Media↗
PubMed1982

Spondylolysis studied with computed tomography.

Spinal CT scans, plain radiographs, and medical records of 81 patients with an abnormal pars interarticularis were reviewed to define the CT criteria for spondylolysis. In many cases, it was difficult to detect because it simulated the adjacent facet joints; however, it could be differentiated by careful analysis of the section level and the contiguous facet joints, which usually had regular cortical surfaces (in contrast to the pars defects). Spondylolysis was evident on the lateral localizer image in most cases. In some patients the pars appeared abnormally narrow and elongated or sclerotic as well as interrupted. In a few cases, CT demonstrated a pars defect which was not effectively shown by the plain radiographs. In one patient, a herniated disk was also seen.

Adult↗
PubMedDate not supplied

Evaluation of myelographic contrast-medium tolerance with psychometric testing.

Clinical tolerance to the myelographic contrast media metrizamide and iopamidol was evaluated in 26 and 30 patients, respectively, with a battery of neuropsychologic tests before and after myelography in a randomized, double-blind prospective study. Twenty hospitalized patients with chronic back pain were also studied before and after computed tomography to serve as controls relative to the groups administered contrast agents. Measures of conceptual reasoning and affect were sensitive tests of adverse reactions. These paralleled the incidence of somatic reactions and correlated with the dose of contrast medium. Methodologic problems included varying intervals between myelography and psychometric evaluation among subjects and use of a less-than-ideal control group. Neuropsychologic tests appear to be sensitive for detection of subtle adverse reactions and possibly predictive of their occurrence. Iopamidol was tolerated better than metrizamide, with somatic side effects occurring in 38% of patients receiving metrizamide and in 17% of patients receiving iopamidol.

Clinical Trials as Topic↗