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Biomedical subjects

J P Gupta

Publications and source records attributed to J P Gupta.

At least 19 recordsLinked to original sources
PubMed1994

Some evidence of incipient speciation in Drosophila kikkawai.

Altogether 11 geographic populations of Drosophila kikkawai were analysed from the viewpoint of karyotypic variation, inversion polymorphism and sexual isolation. The results revealed that of all the populations, the New Guinea population was the most genetically diverged, characterized by its distinct karyotype, possession of a fixed inversion, and its females exhibiting sexual isolation at the level of preferential mating. Based on these findings it was inferred that incipient speciation has proceeded in D. kikkawai and its New Guinea population is on its way to speciation.

Animals↗
PubMed1994

Accumulation of B-chromosomes in drosophila kikkawai Burla.

Drosophila kikkawai is a unique species in the genus, having two types of B-chromosomes with distinct centromeres. Laboratory experiments pertaining to their accumulation were carried out, using continuous selection and inbreeding procedures. Karyotypes with B-chromosomes ranged from 1 to 4. A maximum of four B-chromosomes in a culture were accumulated which seems to be the maximum tolerable limit in this species.

Animals↗
PubMed1993

Analysis of mitochondrial DNA in two species of the bipectinata species complex of Drosophila.

Drosophila bipectinata and D. malerkotliana are members of the bipectinata species complex of the ananassae subgroup in the melanogaster species group of Drosophila. The mtDNA from 18 isofemale strains of these species was analyzed, using 13 restriction endonucleases. Altogether, eight mtDNA haplotypes were detected, of which the haplotype 1B was shared by the two species. Restriction cleavage map of mtDNA of these species was constructed. The net nucleotide substitutions per site calculated between these species was found to be 0.0002. This value appeared to be relatively much lower than expected at the interspecific level, even lower than that reported between two subspecies of Drosophila despite both being good species. This extreme closeness of their mtDNAs is discussed in the light of recent findings.

Animals↗
PubMed1993

Evaluation of Manning's criteria in the diagnosis of irritable bowel syndrome.

Six symptoms of Manning et al are widely used in clinical practice to diagnose irritable bowel syndrome (IBS). We studied 123 patients to evaluate the diagnostic value of Manning's criteria, using a preformed bowel symptom questionnaire which included these six symptoms. This study included 65 patients with IBS, 35 patients with non-ulcer dyspepsia, 23 patients with organic diseases of colon and 45 healthy controls. Sensitivity of presence of three or more symptoms of Manning's criteria discriminating irritable bowel syndrome from all other groups was 66.1%. Manning's criteria discriminated irritable bowel syndrome from organic diseases of colon with specificity and positive predictive value of 66.9% and 82.6%. When irritable bowel syndrome was compared with non-ulcer dyspepsia and healthy controls, specificities of Manning's criteria were 91.4% and 93.3% and positive predictive values 93.4% and 93.4% respectively.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1993

Obstructive jaundice--a diagnostic appraisal.

One hundred and eight suspected cases of obstructive jaundice (OJ) were analysed using ultrasonography, percutaneous transhepatic cholangiography (PTC) or Endoscopic retrograde cholangiopancreatography (ERCP) or both. Clinical evaluation had accuracy of 93% in identifying OJ and establishing aetiology in 62%, however, it lacked specificity. Ultrasonography was useful in differentiating obstructive jaundice from medical jaundice in 91% of cases. However, the cause and site of biliary obstruction could be identified in 55% and 46% respectively. PTC was helpful in detecting the site of obstruction in 80.4% and nature in 63% of cases. Its failures were mostly associated with the presence of metastasis in the liver. ERCP successfully attained cholangiography in 58% and pancreatogram in 70% of cases. Overall diagnostic yield of ERCP was 67% in view of additional endoscopic findings in 18 cases. The complications were occasional and could be managed effectively with medical treatment. This study suggests utility of clinical evaluation in OJ inspite of its poor specificity and comparative value of PTC and ERCP in establishing the site as well as nature of lesion.

Cholangiopancreatography, Endoscopic Retrograde↗
PubMed1993

Combination of anticholinergic agent and H2 receptor antagonist in duodenal ulcer treatment--a randomized, double blind multicenter study.

BACKGROUND: The acid suppressive abilities of H2 receptor antagonists and anticholinergics have been claimed to be additive. METHODS: A multicenter, double-blind, randomized trial comparing ranitidine (150 mg) plus propantheline bromide 15 mg at bedtime to ranitidine 300 mg alone at bedtime was conducted in 161 patients with endoscopically confirmed uncomplicated duodenal ulcer. RESULTS: After six weeks of therapy, ulcer healing rates in the two groups were comparable ie 80% in the combination group (ranitidine + propantheline) and 79.4% in the ranitidine group. Pain relief after one, two and four weeks of treatment was also comparable in the two groups. Side effects to drugs were minor and comparable in both the groups. CONCLUSION: A combination of 150 mg ranitidine and 15 mg propantheline bromide is as efficacious as 300 mg ranitidine in inducing healing of uncomplicated duodenal ulcers, with similar side-effects but at greatly reduced cost.

Adult↗
PubMed1992

Endoscopic sphincterotomy: preliminary experience at a university hospital.

Endoscopic sphincterotomy (ES) was attempted in 38 patients with biliary calculi. There were 21 patients (55.3%) with common bile duct (CBD) stones following cholecystectomy, 14 patients (36.8%) with intact gall bladder and 3 patients with retained CBD stones along with T tube in the early post-operative period. Endoscopic sphincterotomy was possible in all but one patient and duct clearance was attained in 34 (89.4%) patients. Spontaneous clearance of calculi occurred in 31 (81.6%) patients while 3 patients required instrumental extraction. Four patients failed to clear stones and required surgical intervention. Complications occurred in 4 (10.5%) patients--haemorrhage in two, pancreatitis and cholangitis in one each. One patient died of bleeding on the 4th day following ES while hemostasis was achieved in other after two units of blood. Other complications were managed conservatively without any mortality. Endoscopic sphincterotomy appears to be a simple, effective and safe therapeutic modality for the management of biliary calculi.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1991

Heterosis and the lack of coadaptation in Drosophila nasuta.

Natural populations of Drosophila nasuta are polymorphic for several paracentric inversions. Two non-overlapping inversions on the third chromosome (III-2 and III-35) are heterotic in both laboratory and natural populations and display an extreme case of linkage disequilibrium. Intra- and interpopulation crosses involving standard and inverted gene orders of the III-2 and III-35 inversions were made to test if the polygenic complexes within these inversions are coadapted. The inversion heterozygotes formed by the two chromosomes derived from different localities exhibited heterosis since the viability of the heterozygotes was greater than that of either of the two homozygotes. In intrapopulation crosses, the heterozygotes were also heterotic. The present results thus indicated a lack of coadaptation among polygenic complexes within the inversions of D. nasuta. The data suggest that the heterosis produced by these linked inversions is the result of natural selection and epistasis.

Adaptation, Physiological↗
PubMed1990

Chromosomal polymorphism in Indian populations of Drosophila bipectinata Duda.

Drosophila bipectinata, a member of the melanogaster species group, is a common and wide-spread species in the Indian subcontinent. A geographic survey of inversion polymorphism has been carried out in Indian populations. Altogether, nine paracentric inversions are detected in the populations examined during this study. Of the nine inversions, two have been described earlier by Bock from laboratory populations established from Borneo, Thailand and the Philippines. The possible relationship between inversions and different environmental conditions is discussed.

Animals↗
PubMed1990

Autonomic reflexes in borderline hypertensives.

Autonomic reflexes were studied in 53 patients with borderline hypertension (BLH) and 25 normotensives. BLH patients had higher basal heart rate. With 2 minutes of sustained head-up passive tilt of 50 degrees or 75 degrees, the rise in heart rate was comparable in both groups but the rise in blood pressure was significantly more in the BLH group. The rise in systolic pressure with Valsalva manoeuvre as well as with sustained hand grip was significantly higher in BLH patients. The postural tachycardia index and Valsalva index were significantly lower in BLH patients probably due to higher basal heart rate.

Adult↗
PubMed1990

Gastro-esophageal reflux disease (GERD): an appraisal of different tests for diagnosis.

Fifty symptomatic patients with GERD, 20 each of non ulcer dyspepsia (NUD) & duodenal ulcer (DU) and 10 healthy controls were subjected to various tests employed for diagnosis of GERD. Among these endoscopy and histology had highest sensitivities (92% & 91% respectively) followed by Bernstein's test (overall 88%; early positivity 72%) and oesophagography (70%). The specificities of various tests were: endoscopy (86%), histology (82%) and Bernstein's test (overall 80%; early positive 94%). The false positivity was mainly in DU subjects where majority (greater than 84%) had two or more of these tests offitive. Any two of the three tests (endoscopy, histology & Bernstein's test) in combination had a sensitivity of 80-91% and a specificity of 90-92%. Our observations suggest that these tests, particularly in combination, are useful in establishing the diagnosis of GERD and that subclinical oesophagitis in DU might be responsible for the false positivity of these tests.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1990

Serodiagnosis of gut tuberculosis.

The efficacy of enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) in the diagnosis of gut tuberculosis was evaluated. The study included 95 patients with gut tuberculosis, 40 with pulmonary tuberculosis, 25 with non-tubercular intestinal diseases and 40 healthy controls. Mantoux response and antibody titre against PPD using ELISA were studied. The ELISA sensitivity in gut tuberculosis was 80% and in pulmonary tuberculosis 90%. It was also positive in 12% of patients with non-tubercular intestinal diseases and 5% of healthy controls. The sensitivity of Mantoux test in gut (77%) and pulmonary (84%) tuberculosis was comparable to that of ELISA. However, Mantoux test lacked diagnostic significance due to high positivity in non-tubercular disease patients (55%) and healthy controls (56%), whereas ELISA was highly specific (93%) for the diagnosis of gut tuberculosis.

Antibodies, Bacterial↗
PubMed1990

Comparison of stool microscopy and serology (enzyme linked immunosorbent assay) in epidemiology of amebiasis.

Stools from 634 individuals from Varanasi were examined for Entamoeba histolytica (EH). Serology was done in these subjects by enzyme linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) employing filter paper technique. Stools were positive for EH in 16.9%, and serology in 15.9%. Both the tests were positive in only 5.2%. In 72.4% both the tests were negative. In 11.7% of stool positive cases, serology was negative, and in 10.7% with positive serology stool examination did not reveal EH. A majority (92.5%) of stool positive subjects had only cysts. Additional parasites were detected in 15.3%.

Amebiasis↗
PubMed1990

Neuroticism in patients with irritable bowel syndrome.

Employing a Hindi adaptation of the Middlesex Hospital Questionnaire (MHQ), neuroticism level was assessed in 133 subjects with irritable bowel syndrome and compared with that in patients with organic bowel disease (33), healthy population (140) and known neurotics (110). Compared with healthy controls and patients with organic bowel disease, significantly higher scores were found among irritable bowel syndrome patients in all the subscales except obsession. The total of scores was midway between those of the normal population and known neurotics. Neurotic disorder was detected in 51% of irritable bowel syndrome patients compared to 24% of organic bowel disease subjects (P less than 0.05) and 7.8% of the healthy population. Cut-off points, calculated as mean + 2 SD of scores in the healthy population, were found to be reliable as shown by clinical interview.

Adult↗
PubMed1989

Gene frequencies in natural and laboratory populations of Drosophila nasuta.

Gene arrangement frequencies of different chromosome types of three inversions, IIL-2, III-35 and III-2 are reported in some natural and laboratory populations of Drosophila nasuta. In general, the frequencies of inversion heterozygotes for these inversions are in excess of what is expected under Hardy-Weinberg equilibrium in both natural and laboratory populations. This suggests that these inversion heterozygotes are heterotic to the species as far as viability is concerned. Similar to what occurs in the cosmopolitan species, chromosomes with standard gene sequences are more frequent than inverted gene sequences in this species. The scarcity of inversion homozygotes is due to reduced viability of their carriers, which probably have lethal or sublethal combinations of alleles in the inverted sections of their chromosomes. Further, the inversion frequencies in laboratory populations follow the frequencies in natural populations.

Animals↗
PubMed1989

Medical myotomy for achalasia cardia. Long term results.

Pneumatic dilatation was effective in relieving dysphagia in 16/17 subjects with achalasia cardia. It was also effective and safe in those with sigmoid oesophagus, although dilatation persisted in them. Recurrences were noted in one quarter of cases which were managed satisfactorily with subsequent dilatations. There were no complications. Pneumatic dilatation appears very useful in the management of achalasia cardia.

Adult↗