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Biomedical subjects

J P Hogg

Publications and source records attributed to J P Hogg.

At least 19 recordsLinked to original sources
PubMed2003

Laparoscopic management of Chilaiditi's syndrome.

Chilaiditi's syndrome refers to the symptoms of abdominal pain, distention, vomiting, anorexia, and constipation caused by hepatodiaphragmatic interposition of the intestine. Although patients with this radiographic finding are commonly asymptomatic, presentation with symptoms is rare and accurately refers to this syndrome. There is an increased incidence of Chilaiditi's syndrome among mentally ill adults. Traditionally, Chilaiditi's syndrome is managed medically by discontinuing causative medicines. However, among the mentally ill population whose psychotropic medications precipitate the interposition of the colon, ceasing these psychotropic medications is not an appropriate option. The case presented involves a mentally ill patient with Chilaiditi's syndrome who was successfully managed with laparoscopic colopexy. At follow-up, the patient reported marked improvement of abdominal symptoms.

Abdominal Pain↗
PubMed2001

Aggressive fibromatosis of the neck in a patient with Gardner's syndrome.

We report a patient with Gardner's syndrome who, in addition to a total colectomy, had multiple excisions of desmoid tumors in both thighs. He presented with left-sided neck swelling and pain. MRI was highly suggestive of desmoid tumors in multiple neck muscles. To our knowledge this is the first description of diffuse fibromatosis of the neck in association with Gardner's syndrome.

Adult↗
PubMed2001

Persistence of gadolinium in CSF: a diagnostic pitfall in patients with end-stage renal disease.

Two dialysis-dependent patients with end-stage renal disease underwent brain and spine MR imaging a few days after having undergone gadolinium-enhanced imaging studies. Increased signal intensity in the subarachnoid space on T1-weighted and fluid-attenuated inversion recovery images was noted. Excretion of gadolinium into the CSF was proven in one case by mass spectrometry. Dialysis-dependent patients with end-stage renal disease and neurologic abnormalities often undergo contrast-enhanced MR imaging. Recognition that these patients may show increased signal intensity in the subarachnoid space because of gadolinium excretion into CSF may prevent diagnostic errors.

Aged↗
PubMed2000

Central pontine myelinolysis: association with parenteral magnesium administration.

A 29-year-old woman with diabetes mellitus and nephrotic syndrome was given 30 g of magnesium sulfate over 14 hours after a cesarian section. Her serum magnesium level increased to 7.4 mg/dl. Five days later, she became quadriplegic with inability to speak or swallow. Cranial magnetic resonance imaging demonstrated central pontine myelinolysis (CPM). Initial serum sodium was not measured. Although CPM is usually associated with a rapid increase in serum osmolality, most patients who experience a rapid increase in serum osmolality do not develop the clinical syndrome of CPM. Consequently, additional factors may also be important in the pathogenesis of CPM. Parenteral magnesium administration may be a potential contributing factor in the pathogenesis of some cases of CPM.

Adult↗
PubMed2000

Magnetic resonance imaging of chronic subdural hematoma.

This article highlights the unique ability of magnetic resonance imaging in evaluating the evolution of the subdural hematoma. Topics specifically discussed are computed tomography sensitivity and the extent, age, and complexity of the subdural hematoma.

Brain↗
PubMed1999

Focal rhabdomyolysis and brachial plexopathy: an association with heroin and chronic ethanol use.

A 22-year-old man presented with acute swelling of the left neck and associated weakness of the left arm upon awakening after having snorted heroin. He had consumed large amounts of ethanol regularly for 7 years. Serum creatine kinase was greater than 19,000 units/l. A diagnosis of focal rhabdomyolysis and left brachial plexopathy was made. Focal rhabdomyolysis with associated plexopathy is an uncommon but recognized complication of acute heroin use. Chronic ethanol use may have a "sensitizing" role in the pathogenesis of this syndrome.

Acute Disease↗
PubMed1999

Delayed diffuse upper motor neuron syndrome after compressive thoracic myelopathy.

A 54-year-old man developed progressive spastic paraparesis beginning 2 weeks after a back injury caused by a subacute compressive thoracic myelopathy attributable to a post-traumatic arachnoid cyst. Three to 18 months after surgical decompression of the thoracic arachnoid cyst, the patient developed a diffuse predominantly upper motor neuron syndrome characterized by spastic quadriparesis, pseudobulbar paresis, and pseudobulbar affect. Retrograde corticospinal tract degeneration and upper motor neuron death after spinal cord injury is recognized. This case suggests that focal upper motor neuron injury can occasionally precipitate diffuse upper motor neuron dysfunction.

Arachnoid Cysts↗
PubMed1998

Does selection bias determine the prevalence of the cavum septi pellucidi?

This study was undertaken to ascertain the prevalence of the persistent cavum septi pellucidi in children and adults by magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) and to compare the clinical indications for neuroimaging in the two age groups as a measure of group selection bias. All scans performed at West Virginia University during 1997 were reviewed for the presence of a persistent cavum septi pellucidi. The clinical indications for the MRI study were determined in 100 consecutive adult (17 years of age or older) and 100 consecutive pediatric (younger than 17 years of age) scans. In the 203 pediatric patients the prevalence of a persistent cavum septi pellucidi was 6.9%, and in the 814 adults the prevalence was 2.1%. Mental retardation/developmental delay was the clinical indication for at least 26% of the pediatric patients but was not an indication for neuroimaging in the adult study group. The known association of persistent cavum septi pellucidi with mental retardation and in several groups of patients with conditions clinically characterized by mental dysfunction suggests that the higher prevalence in the pediatric study group may primarily be the result of the patient selection bias operating through the different clinical indications for neuroimaging in the two populations.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1992

Spontaneous intracerebral hemorrhage: a very late delayed effect of radiation therapy.

Cerebral necrosis is a well-known delayed sequela of radiation to the central nervous system. Delayed intracerebral hemorrhage occurring several years after radiation is rare; however, with increased survival, this complication will become more common. We report a child who developed a brain-stem hemorrhage 4.5 years following radiation therapy for brainstem tumor. The possible pathogenesis for the spontaneous hemorrhage is discussed. The onset of the neurologic symptoms in this setting occurs later than the usual symptoms of radiation necrosis. It is important to recognize this entity as a late delayed complication of radiation therapy and not to mistake it for tumor recurrence.

Brain Neoplasms↗
PubMed1991

Prominent subarachnoid spaces in a patient with complex congenital heart disease.

The presence of prominent subarachnoid spaces and ventriculomegaly on cranial computerized tomographic scans has been described in multiple generalized systemic illnesses in the pediatric population. We have described an infant with severe congenital heart disease who had, on a cranial CT scan for evaluation of developmental defects, demonstrated this appearance.

Heart Defects, Congenital↗
PubMed1990

The use of glucocorticosteroids to lessen the inflammatory sequelae following third molar surgery.

Acceptance of the use of glucocorticosteroids in density to control postsurgical inflammation has been impaired by concerns over side effects, adrenal suppression, and efficacy. The pattern of administration generally used is characterized as short-term, high-dose or pulse therapy, which has not been associated with significant side effects or adrenal suppression beyond 10 days. The selection of an appropriate glucocorticosteroid with minimal mineralocorticoid activity and extended biological activity is desirable. Oral and parenteral dosing are possible, and the latter can be administered as acetates (repository) or esters. The efficacy of glucocorticosteroids in reducing pain, swelling, and trismus after third molar surgery is difficult to ascertain because of methodological inconsistencies between investigations. In general, studies that used low dosing schedules have failed to produce dramatic and prolonged results. High-dosing intravenous (IV) studies have demonstrated significant short-term improvements, but the effects were not sustained. Combining IV administration with multiple oral dosing or a single intramuscular (IM) dose may be required to extend short-term improvement. High-dosing IM studies have shown significant and sustained anti-inflammatory effects with a single dose administered either pre- or post-operatively.

Glucocorticoids↗
PubMed1988

The role of ultrasound-guided needle aspiration of breast masses.

Ultrasonically guided aspiration cytology is an accurate and cost-effective method for managing sonographically indeterminate breast masses (masses that do not have all the ultrasonic criteria of simple cysts). Forty-five breast masses were aspirated. Of these, fifteen (33%) were atypical cysts, twenty-one (47%) were benign solid masses, three (7%) were malignant and six (13%) were solid lesions with nondiagnostic aspirate material. Since the tip of the needle is ultrasonically identified within the mass prior to aspiration, the accuracy of tissue sampling is potentially greater than with palpation alone. Lesions over five millimeters in diameter can be reliably sampled for cytology. This method can reduce the number of surgical biopsies performed by distinguishing atypical cysts from benign solid lesions and detecting malignant lesions when small. The simplicity of the technique encourages its use whenever an ultrasound study detects a noncystic mass.

Biopsy, Needle↗
PubMedDate not supplied

Expanding aneurysm of aberrant right subclavian artery. Case report and imaging evaluation.

We present a case illustrating the complementary role of CT and angiography in evaluation of a slowly expanding vascular thoracic mass representing aneurysmal enlargement in an aberrant right subclavian artery. Anatomy, embryology, incidence, and imaging of aberrant right subclavian artery, bicarotid trunk, and aneurysmal dilatation of the diverticulum of Kommerell are reviewed.

Aged↗
PubMedDate not supplied

Tamoxifen-induced regression of breast cysts.

The use of Tamoxifen as treatment for breast cancer is well established and its use experimentally as prophylaxis is promising, but little has been written about mammographically detected changes in breast parenchyma as a result of Tamoxifen therapy. We report two cases of spontaneous regression of breast cysts after Tamoxifen therapy for premenopausal breast cancer in the contralateral breast.

Adult↗
PubMedDate not supplied

MR imaging of spontaneous spinal cord infarction.

Magnetic resonance imaging was utilized to evaluate three women, one of whom was pregnant, with a clinical diagnosis of anterior spinal artery syndrome. In each case, development of spinal cord infarctions was spontaneous. Sagittal and axial MR images of the spine were obtained prior to and following administration of Gd-diethylenetriamine pentaacetic acid. Magnetic resonance showed no cord enlargement or signal abnormality on T1-weighted images prior to contrast medium administration. On T2-weighted images there was abnormal increase in signal intensity in the cord at levels corresponding to the neurologic deficits in all three patients. Variable contrast enhancement was demonstrated in these areas. Magnetic resonance imaging was positive, whereas CT-myelography, carried out in the two nonpregnant women, failed to demonstrate any abnormalities.

Adult↗