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Biomedical subjects

J P Lombardo

Publications and source records attributed to J P Lombardo.

14 recordsLinked to original sources
PubMed2001

Hyperactivity and impulsiveness in rats fed diets supplemented with either Aroclor 1248 or PCB-contaminated St. Lawrence river fish.

We examined whether exposure to polychlorinated biphenyls (PCBs) around puberty would produce hyperactivity and impulsiveness in adult Sprague-Dawley rats. Randomly assigned groups consumed food containing environmental concentrations of Aroclor 1248, PCB-contaminated St. Lawrence River carp, or corn oil (control). All received operant training to a final multiple (mult) 120-s, fixed interval (FI), 5-min extinction (EXT) schedule. Pressing rates of both exposed groups for drops of water averaged more than 1.5 times that of controls, especially toward the end of the 120-s interval. This overactivity included bursts with short (< or =0.5 s) interresponse times (IRTs), behavior characteristic of hyperactive boys and genetically hyperactive rats. The exposed groups also overreacted to the decreases in reinforcement density associated with transition to the final schedule. The results were interpreted in terms of the possible alterations in the animals' reinforcement mechanisms and the possible neurotoxic effects of PCB exposure.

Animals↗
PubMed1999

Aroclor 1242 inhalation and ingestion by Sprague-Dawley rats.

PCBs have been considered to be almost nonvolatile and insoluble in water. However, recent studies have shown the importance of their slight solubility in water and capability to enter the atmosphere and disperse throughout the global environment. This preliminary study was designed to measure uptake and observe any physiological changes in Sprague-Dawley rats. The PCB product Aroclor 1242 is the major pollutant of the Hudson River, NY, and New Bedford Harbor, MA. The rats were exposed for 30 d to 0.9 microg/m3 via inhalation and 0.436 microg/g (ppm) in the food. The inhalation of PCBs gave a greater PCB uptake than ingestion. Both routes of administration caused significant serum thyroid hormone elevations. Histopathologic changes were observed in the urinary bladder, thymus, and the thyroid after both exposure regiments. Rearing and ambulation were significantly decreased in both exposure regiments in an open field behavior test.

Administration, Inhalation↗
PubMed1996

Reactivity in extroverts and introverts.

The response times of 17 introverts and 24 extroverts to red and blue stimulus lights were compared. While no differences were found between the groups, introverts responded faster to the presentation of the red stimulus light than the blue one.

Adult↗
PubMed1988

Rotary pursuit performance as a function of sex, sex-role, and intertrial interval.

Rotary pursuit performance (time on target) and reminiscence data were collected for 113 androgynous and feminine men and women under massed or distributed practice conditions. On the final (eighth) block of practice men performed better than women under conditions of massed practice; while no sex differences were found under distributed practice conditions. Under distributed practice conditions androgynous women performed better than feminine women. In addition, men performed better over-all than women, and subjects in the distributed practice condition performed better than subjects in the massed practice condition. Reminiscence data indicated that under massed practice feminine women obtained larger scores than did feminine men and androgynous women. For women sex-role as well as practice condition influenced performance and reminiscence.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1988

Sex-role and opposite-sex interpersonal attraction.

Androgynous, traditional, and undifferentiated male and female subjects indicated their attraction to three opposite-sex strangers who were described as having an androgynous, traditional, and undifferentiated sex-role. Subjects' ability to describe the sex-roles of the strangers was also measured. Androgynous strangers were most preferred, undifferentiated strangers least preferred. The least preferred undifferentiated strangers' sex-role was most accurately described. Subjects were least successful in describing the androgynous sex-role.

Female↗
PubMed1976

The relationship of self-disclosure to personality, adjustment and self-actualization.

This study tested the hypothesis that a high level of self-disclosure is indicative of psychological adjustment and self-actualization. The self-disclosure scale, Social Avoidance and Distress, Fear of Negative Evaluation, Alienation and Repression-Sensitization scales were administered to 60 Ss. The results for all scales indicated that a high level of disclosure was associated with adjustment as measured by these scales. A second group of 94 Ss completed the self-disclosure scale and the Personal Orientation Inventory, a measure of self-actualization. The results indicated that high disclosers compared to low disclosers had achieved a higher level of self-actualization. That is, there were significant correlations between self-disclosure and measures of self-actualization such as Time Competence, Internal Support, Existentiality, Self-Acceptance and Capacity for Intimate Contact.

Female↗
PubMed1976

Modification of self-disclosing behaviours through modeling and vicarious reinforcement.

Modeling techniques were used to model moderate disclosure to high and low disclosers. Eighty female undergraduates (40 low disclosers and 40 high disclosers) listened to a model select items that were rated as moderate disclosures for discussion. Two modeling conditions were employed; in one condition the model was reinforced by the E (vicarious reinforcement), in the second condition the model was not reinforced. Two control conditions, one with the model present, the other with the model absent were also included. The results of two separate 2 X 4 X 2 repeated measures, hierarchical analyses of variance on the subject distance from modeled intimacy, and the number of moderate items selected on pre- and posttests, indicated that both modeling conditions were successful in producing moderation of self-disclosure.

Behavior Therapy↗
PubMed1976

Interest in entering helping activities and self-disclosure to three targets on the Jourard self-disclosure scale.

Jourard's 40-item Self-disclosure Questionnaire was administered to 50 students in a training and selection program for a quasi-counseling position and 52 randomly selected students. Subjects indicated past disclosures to three target persons, parents, best friend, and stranger. Results indicated: highest disclosures were reported to best friends, lowest to strangers; subjects interested in the quasi-counseling position reported more disclosure than subjects not interested in this position; females reported more disclosure than males only to strangers.

Awareness↗
PubMed1975

The relationship of internality-externality, self-acceptance, and self-ideal discrepancies.

Internals (n=35) and externals (n=38) responded to Rotter's (12) I-E scale under two sets of instructions: standard (as the kind of persons they really were) and ideal-self instructions (as if they were the types of persons they would like to be) and the self-acceptance questionnaire (4). Results indicated (a) on both instruments the discrepancy between real and ideal-self was significantly larger in externals: (b) the external ideal-self includes an internal locus of control; (c) a significant discriminatory factor between internals and externals is their perceived control over their own destiny and not social institutions. The results were discussed in terms of the relationship of externality to maladjustment, neuroticism, and possible causes for this relationship.

Aspirations, Psychological↗
PubMed1975

The effects of instructions on self-disclosure.

In a study of the effects that instructions have on self-disclosure, two groups of male and female college students (N = 120) were asked to select items for discussion with a same sexed stranger under one of two sets of instructions: (a) Ss were asked to select items that they were interested in discussing or (b) Ss selected items they were willing to discuss. Results indicated that changing one word from "interested" to "willing" produced significantly higher potential disclosures in all Ss from low to high disclosers.

Female↗
PubMed1971

Altruism is rewarding.

People will learn an instrumental conditioned response, the reward for which is the deliverance of another human being from suffering.

Analysis of Variance↗