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Biomedical subjects

J P Mallet

Publications and source records attributed to J P Mallet.

7 recordsLinked to original sources
PubMed1999

[Leukotriene antagonists].

Today, medicinal treatment of asthma over the long term is well codified and involves inhaled corticosteroid therapy, in association or not with beta 2-mimetic substances. Numerous studies have demonstrated the importance of leukotrienes in bronchoconstriction and in the delayed inflammatory reaction of asthma. At the same time, antileukotriene molecules are being introduced. Several are sold in different countries. At present, only one product is available in France: Montelukast. It is officially indicated as a complementary treatment of mild to moderate persistent asthma, not sufficiently balanced by inhaled corticosteroid therapy and as a treatment of exercise-induced asthma. In the future, studies should further define the position of these substances in the long term treatment of asthma.

Acetates↗
PubMed1998

[Aerosols: a re-emerging treatment].

Aerosol drug delivery is widely used by patients with asthma and chronic bronchial obstruction for beta-2 agonists and anticholinergic drugs. More recently, inhaled steroid sprays have also been introduced. The efficacy of easy to use aerosol sprays is well proven and has become an important administration route. Different models of metered dose inhalers with gas propellants or dry powder devices help improve patients compliance. Nebulizers can be used in particular situations. Aerosol administration is proposed for anti-infectious agents and for rhDNase in cystic fibrosis. Aerosol delivery of nucleotides and antiproteases are currently under evaluation. Gene therapy can also benefit from the aerosol route which may be proposed in the near future for many different types of systemic treatments. Possible drugs include cyclosporin for lung grafts, prostacyclin for primary pulmonary hypertension, insulin for diabetes or morphine in certain types of dyspnea.

Aerosols↗
PubMed1997

[Inhalation route for administration of systemic drugs].

With aerosolized administration of medicines, direct access to the lung is possible. Depending on the intrapulmonary behavior of each molecule, the aerosol mode of administration makes possible either a pulmonary topical action or a systemic action, thanks to the lung's wide vascular network. An inhaled molecule's pulmonary behavior is not predictable and must be studied on its own. Some medicines with a systemic aim have a topical effect after aerosol administration: furosemide, amiloride, morphine, interferons, cyclosporin and prostacyclin. Other medicines have systemic effects after aerosol administration: insulin, growth hormone, LHRH, calcitonin and nicotine. Heparin can be classified in either group depending on the dose and type of use.

Administration, Inhalation↗
PubMed1996

[Legionnaires' disease with acute respiratory insufficiency. Clinical and biological characteristics, comparison with pneumococcal pneumonia].

OBJECTIVES: Legionnaires' disease is one of the main etiologies of bacterial pneumonias because of its frequency as well as its potential severity. The therapeutic choice implies the need to look for distinctive clinical, biological or radiological signs, due to the unreliability of rapid immunological criteria. Pneumococcus is the first cause of bacterial pneumopathy. Thus, identifying the distinctive signs between these two etiologies may be necessary. METHODS: In our restrospective study, nine Legionnaires' disease-related pneumonias were compared with nine pneumococcus-related pneumonias with acute respiratory failure and comparable level of severity. Patients were recruited over a two year period in a medical intensive care unit. RESULTS: Four criteria were found more frequently in pneumonia related to Legionnaires' disease: high-grade fever at the time of admission, elevated transminases, presence of Miller's criteria (converging clinical and biological signs) and increasing creatine kinase. CONCLUSION: In patients with severe pneumonia, both Pneumococcus and Legionella should be entertained as possible diagnoses before starting treatment. A prospective analysis of precise diagnostic criteria is needed to distinguish between these two bacterial diseases.

Acute Disease↗
PubMed1982

[Cardiac involvement in sarcoidosis. Results of a prospective study of 37 cases].

An evaluation of the incidence of cardiac lesions in sarcoidosis was conducted in a group of patients with progressive pulmonary signs of the disease. Five non-invasive methods: echocardiogram, ECG, Holter, effort ECG, and thallium scintigraphy were employed on a routine basis; 31 patients were investigated by all procedures, scintigraphy being performed in all 37 cases. First degree auriculoventricular block was detected in only one case, this being compatible with cardiac sarcoidosis, though the possibility of a congenital lesion could not be excluded. The ECG remains an essential investigation among those employed, other examinations not supplying superior data. Scintigraphy appears to be of positive value, as faults in localized uptake were demonstrated in 17 p. cent of cases, these possibly corresponding to intramyocardial granulomas.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1981

[In vitro dentinogenesis of mice fetuses tooth germs in the presence of fluoride. Morphological nad historical observations].

Observations show that fluoride alters dentinogenesis in vitro. Morphological and cellular alterations are greater when the tooth germs are young and/or when the time of incubation is longer and the dose of fluoride higher. In the predentine, the stainability of proteoglycans is partially reduced. The persistence of alcianophilic zones far from the site of secretion indicates some delay of the process of matricial maturation.

Animals↗