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Biomedical subjects

J P Meningaud

Publications and source records attributed to J P Meningaud.

At least 19 recordsLinked to original sources
PubMed2004

[Treatment of Buruli ulcer desease by excision and skin graft].

INTRODUCTION: Buruli ulcer is the most common mycobacteria disease after leprosy and tuberculosis. The purpose of our study is to make our contribution to the surgical treatment of Buruli ulcer and to asses our results. METHOD: One hundred eighteen patients presenting progressive Buruli ulcers were operated on. The surgical procedure included excisions for necrotic lesions and grafts for clean wounds. The results were estimated on the time of hospitalization and appearance of complications. RESULTS: Seventy-three patients (62%) were subjected to excision followed by thin skin grafts and 35 patients (30%) were subjected to grafts only. The number of excision times varies from 1 to 7 per patient and from 1 to 4 for the skin grafts. All our patients heal within a period of 120 days with extremes going from 14 to 265 days. We deplored 26 complications (22%): eight new focus, seven infectious complications, six recurrences, five stiffnesses and ankyloses. CONCLUSION: The treatment of Buruli ulcer by excision and grafts is efficient but does not prevent recurrences and new focus from happening and for their prevention, it is necessary to discover pharmaceutical molecules that are efficient on Mycobacterium ulcerans.

Adolescent↗
PubMed2003

[Plastic surgery treatment of Buruli ulcer sequelaes. A retrospective study of 16 patients].

INTRODUCTION: Thirteen percents of the patients suffering from Buruli ulcer in Ivory Coast show sequels at a result of their spontaneous healing. The purpose of our study is to report and estimate the first series of the sequel treatment of Buruli ulcer, with standard reconstructive procedures used in plastic surgery. METHOD: Sixteen patients totalizing 18 sequels were classified into 2 groups:13 patients showed functional sequels in connection with cicaticial retractions about level with joints;3 patients showed aesthetic sequels with no repercussion on the functional aspect. The surgical treatment included for the functional sequels, the excision of the retractile scar, the restoration of the underlying structures followed by the coverage of the defect with skin grafts or muscle or musculo cutaneous flaps and for aesthetic sequels, the excision of the scar tissues and the coverage with full-thickness skin grafts. RESULTS: The results were considered good because the patients found an acceptable physical activity again that enable some of them to resume a professional activity and others a school activity. Motherless, a certain number of complications are to be deplored:1 case of distal necrosis of a skin flap autonomized which required excision and conducted healing but without repercussions on the functional result;1 residual edema about level with the fingers at the time of the covering of a hand with a groin flap;1 haematoma at the donar site of a full-thickness skin graft. CONCLUSION: Distance flaps are more advisable for hand sequels in Buruli ulcer considering the regional character of the disease and the necessity to preserve the main vascular axes about level with the hand. On the lower limb, autonomized skin flaps enable provide important tissue and preserve the major vascular axes of the lower limb.

Activities of Daily Living↗
PubMed2003

[Quality of scientific publications about cosmetic surgery].

OBJECTIVE: Ethical and methodological quality of scientific papers on cosmetic surgery is often criticised. This is why we have proposed to create and validate an ethical and a methodological grid in the field of cosmetic surgery. METHODS: A questionnaire had been mailed to 40 cosmetic surgeons. The questionnaire was voluntary and simple and included two open questions and the possibility of giving one's opinion on this subject. The first question was: "Please mention, without describing your first ten methodological criteria, when you decide to evaluate a scientific publication concerning cosmetic surgery". The second question was written exactly in the same way, except that the word "methodological" was replaced by the word "ethical". RESULTS: In the methodological field, our results are the same as the classical criteria that permit answers the following questions: what did you do?, why did you do?, how did you do?, what did you find?, what is the meaning of this finding?, what is the future of this finding? Finally, except for the importance of comparing before and after photography, our criteria are not so different from the methodological criteria of all scientific studies. In the ethical field, in a decreasing order, we found the balance of benefits and risks, the probity of the author, the respect for the a priori equivalence clause, the disclosure of conflicts interest, the quality of the iconography, the respect for legislation, the transparency on the effective work of each author, the existence of rules for early stopping of the study and the transparency on preliminary animal studies if necessary. CONCLUSION: Similar to the existing practice, a study could be refused for publication because of its methodological insufficiencies; in the future, more and more studies would be refused because of their ethical insufficiencies.

Clinical Trials as Topic↗
PubMed2002

[Proposing surgical management to a patient with low-grade glioma: controversies and ethical consequences].

The therapeutic controversies surrounding low-grade glioma result mainly from the lack of certainty about their histological definition, and, from our imperfect knowledge of the natural history of the disease. Heterogeneous surgical management is the consequence of this situation, which renders difficult to propose the best attitude to each individual patient, thus raising ethical questions, because the absence of a consensus. Performing prospective studies able to analyse these different modalities is mandatory whenever we want to be enable to give to our patients the best answer in their precise case, and furthermore to justify back our acts too.

Attitude of Health Personnel↗
PubMed2002

[Multifocal forms of Buruli ulcer: clinical aspects and management difficulties in 11 cases].

OBJECTIVE: A certain number of authors have in literature pointed out multifocal forms of Buruli ulcer but no study was ever dedicated to them. The purpose of this study is to be more specific about the clinical aspects and to show how difficult it is for those multifocal forms of Buruli ulcer to be operated on. METHOD: The 11 patients who were accepted for the study were subjected to an interrogation, a thorough clinical examination, research of BAAR in ulcers and operative pieces with a direct examination after Ziehl-Neelsen colouring. Each of these patients underwent a surgical treatment under general anaesthesia or spinal anaesthesia depending on the seat of the lesions under cover of pre and post operative therapy by antibiotics. RESULTS: Initial lesions preferentially were located at limbs level; new foci appeared within an average period of 3 months, ranging from 1 to 15 months in some cases. All body parts could be the seats of secondary foci. Depending on the patients, the number of foci varied from 3 to 7. Furthermore, amputation has been necessary for the complete healing of four patients. The average operation was 2.4 by patient ranged from 2 to 5. We observed the healing of all the patients within an average hospitalisation time of 6.3 months running sometimes from 4 to 13 months. In addition to amputations, 4 patients presented after-effects as articular stiffness, retractions of the hand's dorsal face and knee's retraction. CONCLUSION: Those multifocal forms can, with good reason, be considered as malignant form of Buruli ulcer.

Adolescent↗
PubMed2001

[Knowledge of flap complications in finger pulp surgery and patient education--ethical implications].

INTRODUCTION: The two highest French courts have recently decided that not to fully inform a patient constitutes negligence, and that doctors should be able to prove that the information has been given. The medical community is now debating as to how to protect physicians without harming the doctor-patient relationship. Following this study we put forward the hypothesis that although information might not be available to surgeons nevertheless this should not prevent them taking the ethical steps necessary to redress the situation. METHODS: We conducted a telephone interview to discover what surgeons knew about the complications of finger flaps used for the reconstruction of pulp defects. Four flaps were studied: the VY flap described by Atasoy, the island finger flap known as Ventataswami's, the reverse island flap and the thenar flap. Surgeons were asked to give the percentage of necrosis, infection, sensory disturbances, digital stiffness and exclusion, as well as the time off work, the time of healing and the sensory discrimination of the flap. The results obtained were compared to those obtained by a literature review. RESULTS: Twenty one qualified hand surgeons answered the questionnaire. Many answers were absent or only fragmentary when sought in the literature. Where complication rates were available, there was a huge variation among series. A large variety of answers was also found in our study. The direct island flap was the best known flap. Complications of the reverse island flap and the thenar flap were overestimated in the group interviewed. DISCUSSION: There is no true answer, either in the literature or from the study group. There is a gulf between the jurists' demand and the possibilities of knowledge by surgeons. We are still waiting for clinical studies that will answer the questions asked by patients regarding the complications of surgery. However, even if absolute knowledge is not available, it is the ethical duty of surgeons to give the patient information that is as close as possible as the "truth", and that will be helpful to them.

Adult↗
PubMed2001

Dynamic study about metal release from titanium miniplates in maxillofacial surgery.

It has been shown that titanium (Ti) has had dramatic success in many surgical procedures as a result of its excellent mechanical properties and resistance to corrosion. There is still concern, however, about the release of metal and controversy surrounding whether or not the plates should be removed after bone healing. This study has been conducted to investigate whether or not there is a relationship between duration of plating and metal release from Ti miniplates in maxillofacial surgery. A prospective cohort study design was used. The concentration of Ti, in the soft tissues covering the plates, was examined in all patients who underwent removal of Ti miniplates from January 1998 to April 1999 (51 cases). Inductively Coupled Plasma-Optical Emission Spectrometry was used to measure Ti. Total ti and soluble Ti levels were compared to duration of plating (ranged from 15 days to 3 years, mean = 8 months). Correlation coefficients and two-way ANOVA were data processed. The average amount of total Ti in the soft tissues surrounding the plates was 1306 micrograms/g dry tissue. The mean of soluble Ti was 0.53 microgram/g dry tissue. The results of this study do not support the existence of a relationship between duration of plating and total Ti (correlation coefficient = 0.093 (P > 0.1) nor soluble Ti (correlation coefficient = 0.009 (P > 0.1) in the soft tissue surrounding the plates. Moreover, the only independent factor of Ti release found was associated with mechanical constraints during surgery. Almost 100% of Ti is released during the osteosynthesis. Then Ti levels remain constant in the surrounding tissues. Most of the time, Ti seems to be clinically inert. Compared to the possible risks of a second operation, removal of Ti miniplates should not be a routine procedure except in the case of complaints from patients, particularly in the case of infection, hypersensitivity, dehiscence or screw loosening.

Adolescent↗
PubMed2001

Aetiology and incidence of facial fractures sustained during sports: a prospective study of 140 patients.

A prospective study was carried out involving patients presenting with facial fractures sustained during sports. One hundred and forty patients were admitted to the Pitié-Salpêtrière University Hospital of Paris between March 1998 and March 2000, accounting for 13.3% of all patients with facial bone fractures. The ratio of males to females was 7.2:1 and the mean age was 28.5 years. The majority of accidents occurred during soccer (25.0%), followed by rugby (15.0%), and as a consequence of collisions between players (50.7%). The majority of the injuries involved the mandible (34.4%), the zygomatic bone (23.4%) and the nasal bone (15.6%). The sporting activities were classified as either contact or non-contact sports. Frontal sinus, central midface and LeFort fractures were seen more often in vehicular sports such as mountainbiking and skiing. The authors stress the importance of preventive measures, including the use of protective equipment, periodic sports medical check-ups and personal discipline.

Adult↗
PubMed2001

Ethical acceptability, health policy and foods biotechnology based foods: is there a third way between the precaution principle and an overly enthusiastic dissemination of GMO?

The demand for consumer safety with regard to the food-processing industry is becoming, legitimately, more and more urgent. If ingested drugs can carry deleterious effects that exceed the beneficial effect that the research was initially undertaken for, then the same can only be the case for foods that stem from the same new biotechnologies, zero risk being non existent. There are two conflicting viewpoints about the possible risks linked to genetically modified organisms: a posteriori protection (based on vigilance once the product is on the market) and an a priori protection (at present usually supported by the precaution principle). We suggest a third way, which ensures consumer safety, but doesn't hinder scientific progress. Just as there are regulations for the protection of human subjects in biomedical research and regulations for the use of drugs after they are marketed, so should such regulations be introduced in the domains of food production that use biotechnologies. We therefore suggest that the scientific community and the food-processing industry develop evaluation protocols for new foods like the ones that exist for drugs. We thus offer thirteen regulations, based on the Helsinki declaration, in order to establish these protocols. These proposals, applied to food-processing research, would enable the industry to return confidence to consumers and thus avoid the random blocking of scientific progress, which is a source of health for the greater population.

Bioethics↗
PubMed2001

Depression, anxiety and quality of life among scheduled cosmetic surgery patients: multicentre prospective study.

OBJECTIVE: To measure cosmetic surgery patients' state of psychological vulnerability. METHOD: A multicentre prospective study was carried out in three hospital departments. One hundred and three patients scheduled for cosmetic surgery were examined using a structured interview and using three assessment scales: the MADRS (Montgomery and Asberg Depression Rating Scale), the SISST (Social Interaction Self Statement Test) and the EQ-5D (EuroQol) which measures quality of life. RESULTS: The MADRS index was higher than that of the control group (p<0.01) with 20% depressive patients. SISST: the social anxiety was greater than that of the control group (p<0.001). The EQ-5D visual analogue scale average was 77.39% indicating that there was no significant difference when compared with the control group, but the descriptive EQ-5D revealed an overrepresentation of the anxiety/depression category (p<0.01); 50% had already taken psychotropic treatment of which 27% were an antidepressant. CONCLUSION: The cosmetic surgery population presents a significant state of psychological vulnerability.

Adolescent↗
PubMed2001

Bio-libraries and DNA storage: assessment of patient perception of information.

BACKGROUND: Since the creation of places where DNA is stored, a number of questions appear about protecting the individual, confidentiality and the validity of the proposed consent to storage. This study, originating in France, analyzes and assesses the impact of the information given by the clinician to the patient regarding having his DNA stored. How does the patient receive the information? What is left of it? Is he informed enough to sign a "well-informed" consent? METHODS: A questionnaire issued to 170 patients in the same department was used to assess: (1) their knowledge of genetics, (2) their knowledge of DNA storage, (3) their perception of the consent. FINDINGS: A third of the patients answered, 20% of whom understood the objectives of a genetic test. None of the patients contacted was aware that he had samples stored in a DNA bank, that genetic analyses had been undertaken or remembered that he had signed a consent (which indeed exists). INTERPRETATION: The idea of a "well-informed" consent belongs to the criteria defining the validity of a cure and research agreement. Yet, its validity is doubted as soon as the information it implies is not understandable by the patients. Indeed, can the individual be considered autonomous, in the philosophical sense, in a well-informed decision making if the information given to the patient has not been well understood?

Cardiovascular Diseases↗
PubMed2001

Ethical assessment of clinical research publications.

The ethical quality of research could be improved in four ways: increasing the expertise of research committees, encouraging the popularization of research in ethics, delivering medical training in ethics, and improving the a posteriori control of editorial committees. With regard to the last point, we propose ethical guidelines that may be used as a screening device for publication. Scientific publications have a duty to contribute to the diffusion and application of ethical principles. But too often pieces of research published in these journals do not adequately demonstrate their ethical reflections and chosen ethical procedures. Only scientific procedures are extensively discussed. We think it is essential to develop an assessment of the ethical value of research that is featured in journals, in the same way that the methodological value is assessed. This paper reports what motivated our group to create an ethical scheme, how we developed this scheme and what was our process of validation. In the same way that today a study can be refused publication for methodological inadequacies, in the future publication could more likely be refused for ethical shortcomings.

Ethics↗
PubMed2000

[Controversies over the surgical placebo: legal issues and the ethical debate].

The debate on controlled surgery trials has had some rather "sensational" repercussions, enlivening the placebo issue. In France, there is a consensus on the ethical conditions necessary for proper protection of individual persons. This consensus has taken on a legal form with the promulgation of the Huriet law. For this reason, all studies and research protocols in medicine and surgery are examined by ethics committees (CCPPRB) who assess the inclusion conditions within the framework of biomedical research and in compliance with the concept that individual participants must be give proper protection. These committees are faced with increasingly complex situations, particularly concerning the pertinence of information give to the participant and the modalities of consent. In France, standard measures were established after a parliamentary debate issuing from a wider public debate. The issue has become a social transaction between biomedical research professionals and the society in general. The international debate over the surgery placebo is an interesting illustration of how mediation institutions, working along the principles of ethical committees, play a key role in social awareness of the ethical issues involved before an innovating practice is initiated. But how legitimate are sensational pieces published in the media, which as is clearly demonstrated with the debate over the surgical placebo, are almost always individual points of view? Shouldn't the debate take into account the contributions of ethical committees which integrate representatives of the social community as well as the importance of a legal framework for individual protection as proposed by the French law? Shouldn't personal points of view be counterbalanced by regularly expressed ethical committee opinions formed after appropriate ethics-oriented discussion going beyond the simple question of "should we do it", a question often dismissed by extreme theoretical arguments that leave unanswered the practical question of "how should we do it"?

Controlled Clinical Trials as Topic↗
PubMed2000

[Piercing: health education or medicalization?].

In Europe, the piercing mode has naturally been associated with specific complications raising an important public health problem. The debate on the role physicians should play requires a careful analysis of the ethical issues involved. Specifically, should the piercing be done in a medical setting? This question is raised because, when performed under ideal conditions, the act of piercing requires a certain degree of medical competency: history taking, asepsia, technical procedure (hemostasis), anesthesia.... However, mandatory medicalization would not, in our opinion, appear to be desirable since we are dealing with a social rite which lies outside the domain of specific medical care. Nevertheless, although we do not advocate systematic medicalization, we do believe that medicine should play a role, in terms of public health, in this emerging practice. We discuss the modalities of a health education dialogue which could be established with professional practicing piercing.

Cosmetic Techniques↗
PubMed2000

Ethics and aims of cosmetic surgery: a contribution from an analysis of claims after minor damage.

MAIN OBJECTIVES: Cosmetic surgery raises the ethical problem of the balance of risks and benefits of an operation the benefit of which is psychological and difficult to evaluate. The aim of this study is to improve the understanding of the factors that influence an unsatisfactory outcome. In this context, we have analyzed complaints from patients the alleged damage to whom proved to be ultimately non-existent or minimal. METHODS: Review of the case notes of 20 patients who had sought damages through the French judicial system for minimal or non-existent alleged damage. Data were collected in 1999. FINDINGS: We found fifteen complaints of insufficient results, two for cause and effect relations with pathologies without any connection, and three for lack of information. 5 patients received compensation, the rest having been ruled out of court. The gender ratio (17 F/3 M), the average age (38 years old), the distribution of the operations and the socio-professional categories reflect the characteristics of a standard cosmetic surgery population. The average period of time between an operation and a complaint was 4.3 years (SD = 4.2). Among the medical histories we found two cases of depression, one treatment "for the nerves", one suicide attempt, and two cases of alcoholism without possible interpretation in the framework of this study. In six cases, the surgeon's qualification was not appropriate to the type of operation. The unprofessional conduct of colleagues had an influence on the effect of the procedure as an independent factor. CONCLUSION: These results call for more responsibility from professionals and encourage the undertaking of prospective complementary studies in order to evaluate more precisely the balance of risks and benefits.

Adult↗
PubMed2000

Biotechnology-based foods: is there a third way between the precaution principle and an overly enthusiastic dissemination of GMO?

The demand for consumer safety with regard to the food-processing industry is becoming, legitimately, more and more urgent. If ingested drugs can carry deleterious effects that exceed the beneficial effect that the research was initially undertaken for, then the same can only be the case for foods that stem from the same new biotechnologies, zero risk being non existent.

Consumer Product Safety↗