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Biomedical subjects

J P Pintucci

Publications and source records attributed to J P Pintucci.

9 recordsLinked to original sources
PubMed2003

Measurement of cefaclor and amoxicillin-clavulanic acid levels in middle-ear fluid in patients with acute otitis media.

Concentrations of cefaclor (CFC) or amoxicillin-clavulanic acid (AMX/CA) in middle-ear fluid collected preserving the stability and clearing the cell contents has been compared to those obtained using the traditional method. Sixty-seven children with effusive otitis media were treated orally with CFC (20 mg/kg of body weight) or AMX/CA (20 mg/kg) (4:1 ratio). The concentrations in cell-free fluid (C-) appear higher than those in the total fluid (C+) (as assayed traditionally).

Acute Disease↗
PubMed1999

Interpretation of middle ear fluid concentrations of antibiotics: comparison between ceftibuten, cefixime and azithromycin.

AIMS: The aim of this study was to determine the potential influence of variables such as the cell content in the fluid, and serum levels, on the concentrations of ceftibuten, cefixime and azithromycin in the middle ear fluid of patients suffering from acute otitis media. METHODS: This randomized, open study compared the penetration of ceftibuten (9 mg kg(-1) 18 patients), cefixime (8 mg kg(-1), 16 patients) and azithromycin (10 mg kg(-1) 16 patients) into the intracellular and extracellular compartments of middle ear fluid of 50 paediatric patients (aged 8-14 years) with acute otitis media. Middle ear fluid was extracted by tympanocentesis 4, 12 and 24 h after dosing and divided into two fractions: with cells (as collected) (C+) and cell-free (C-). Antibiotics were assayed in C+ and C- samples by h.p.l.c. RESULTS: Ceftibuten achieved greater penetration into middle ear fluid than cefixime and azithromycin. Higher concentrations of ceftibuten (CTB) and cefixime (CFX) were found in the C- fraction (CTB: 4h 13.3+/-1.86; 12h 4.7+/-1.18; 24h 0.5+/-0.2. CFX: 4h 3.2+/-1.4; 12h 1.5+/-0.5; 24h>(0.1 mgl(-1)) than in the C+ fraction (CTB:4 h 8.4+/-4.3; 12 h 2.88+/-1.19; 24 h 0.3+/-0.27. CFX: 4 h 1.2+/-0.6; 12 h 0.8+/-0.2; 24 h>0.1 mg l(-1)) at the each time point, while the opposite was true for azithromycin (C-: 4 h 0.11+/-0.04; 12 h 0.12+/-0.08; 24 h 0.23+/-0.12. C+: 4 h 0.38+/-0.24; 12 h 0.9+/-0.03; 24 h 1.05+/-0.3 mg l(-1)). CONCLUSIONS: This study demonstrates that the penetration of antibiotics into the middle ear fluid is influenced by its serum concentrations as well as by the cell content in the fluid. Ceftibuten achieved higher middle ear fluid concentrations than cefixime in C+ and C- fractions at all time points. Both ceftibuten and cefixime concentrations are negatively influenced by the cell content in the fluid. In contrast the concentration of azithromycin to the middle ear fluid is positively influenced by the cell content in the fluid.

Acute Disease↗
PubMed1997

Optimum treatment of streptococcal pharyngitis.

Streptococcal pharyngitis is a common infection in children and adolescents. The great majority of these infections are caused by group A beta-haemolytic streptococci. Although the use of penicillins for group A beta-haemolytic streptococcal pharyngitis has reduced the incidence of rheumatic fever, in the past decade several studies of pharyngitis treatment have reported penicillin failure. It has also been suggested that in comparison with the penicillins the cephalosporins are associated with a lower rate of clinical failure. Cephalosporins have drawbacks in cost, administration frequency or adverse effect profile. Moreover, there is the theoretical risk of cross-antigenicity to cephalosporins in penicillin-allergic patients. Erythromycin is a traditional alternative to penicillins, especially in penicillin-allergic patients, for the treatment of tonsillopharyngitis. However, increased resistance as well as failure rates as high as 24.7% have been reported for erythromycin in the treatment of pharyngitis. Therefore oral penicillins, and alternatively oral cephalosporins, should be considered first-line agents for the treatment of culture-confirmed group A beta-haemolytic streptococcal tonsillopharyngitis. Cephalosporins are useful especially for the treatment of recurrent streptococcal tonsillopharyngitis.

Cephalosporins↗
PubMed1996

Ceftibuten concentrations in human tonsillar tissue.

In a study designed to determine ceftibuten concentrations in tonsillar tissue, subjects scheduled to undergo tonsillectomy were administered 400 mg of ceftibuten in a single oral dose. Between 2 and 24 h after the dose was given, tonsillar tissue samples were taken during surgery and assayed for ceftibuten. Mean concentrations in tonsillar tissue 4.4 h and 24.6 h after the 400 mg dose were 5.3 +/- 2.7 and 0.3 +/- mg/g, respectively. Concurrent mean serum concentrations were 7.42 +/- 1.66 and 0.15 +/- 0.13 mg/ml, respectively. The apparent half-life of drug in the tissue was 5.3 h. The presence of high ceftibuten concentrations in tonsillar tissue suggests that a once-daily regimen may be effective in treating tonsillitis and pharyngitis.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1993

Brodimoprim concentrations in bronchial mucosa, bronchial secretions and middle ear effusions.

Brodimoprim, a structural analogue of trimethoprim, is a long acting broad spectrum antibacterial agent characterized by a good pharmacokinetic profile, allowing once daily (OD) administration. The aim of this study was to investigate the penetration of brodimoprim into bronchial mucosa, bronchial secretion and middle ear effusion, in order to evaluate the efficacy of the antibiotic in respiratory tract infections. The study was performed in patients affected by chronic bronchitis having to undergo diagnostic bronchoscopy (n = 26), in patients affected by exacerbation of chronic bronchitis with purulent or mucopurulent secretions (n = 10), and in patients affected by otitis media with eardrum perforation (n = 28). Patients were orally treated with 400 mg of brodimoprim (single dose). Samples of serum, bronchial mucosa, bronchial secretion and middle ear effusion were collected in the separate series of patients above mentioned, at different times after drug administration. Brodimoprim determinations were performed by a microbiological method using Bacillus subtilis ATCC 6633 as test microorganism. Brodimoprim reached the highest concentration in serum 4 h after administration and was still detectable at 24th hour. In bronchial mucosa and in bronchial secretion the peaks were reached at 8th hour (9.7 +/- 5.3 mg/kg and 4.57 +/- 1 mg/l respectively) while in middle car effusion were reached at 4th hour (4.8 +/- 2.5 mg/l). The drug was still detectable at antibacterial concentrations, both in infected fluids and in tissue samples, 24 hours after administration (4.3 +/- 1.8 mg/kg in bronchial mucosa; 3.5 +/- 0.66 mg/l in bronchial secretions; 3 +/- 0.6 mg/l in middle ear effusion).(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)

Administration, Oral↗
PubMed1990

Miocamycin distribution in tonsillar and pulmonary tissues after repeated administration.

Twenty patients undergoing tonsillectomy were treated with a peroral administration of 600 mg of miocamycin every 12 hours for 4 days. On the 5th day, after a last administration of a dose of 600 mg the ablation of the tonsils was carried out on groups of 4 subjects, each one at the following times after oral intake of the drug: 2, 4, 6, 8, 12 h. Twenty-nine patients, admitted to hospital to undergo lung resection were treated with peroral administration of miocamycin in accordance with the above mentioned dose scheme. The operation was carried out on groups of 5 subjects, each on the fifth day at the following times after the last administration: 2, 3, 4, 6, 8 and 12 h (4 subjects). Simultaneously blood was withdrawn for the determination of miocamycin in serum. Miocamycin was measured by a microbiological procedure using Sarcina lutea ATCC 9341. The highest levels of miocamycin were observed after 2h in tonsils (3.2 +/- 0.82 mg/kg) and serum (1.3 +/- 0.33 mg/l). After 12h miocamycin proved to be still measurable in the tissue (0.12 +/- 0.05 mg/kg), whereas it was not detected in serum. In pulmonary tissue, the highest levels of miocamycin were likewise identified at the 2nd hour (2.82 +/- 0.59 mg/kg), simultaneously with the highest serum levels (2.3 +/- 0.61 mg/l). At the 12th hour miocamycin could still be dosed in 3 tissue samples, with values between 0.1 and 0.2 mg/kg and was found just at dosing limits in only one serum sample.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1990

[Efficacy and tolerance of tiaprofenic acid in acute inflammatory ORL diseases: a multicenter study of 4231 patients].

In order to evaluate effectiveness and safety of tiaprofenic acid (TA), a multicenter study involving outpatients followed by ENT specialists was carried out. Since October 1988, the trials have prospectively enrolled 4231 patients. The demography of the study's population was: 2165 male and 2066 female, mean age 39.6 +/- 15.8 years. The patients were divided into the following groups by pathology: 1281 (30.4%) otitis, 654 (15.5%) rhinosinusitis, 2178 (51.6%) pharyngo-laryngo-tonsillitis, and 112 (2.6%) flue syndrome, 300 mg b.i.d. of TA was orally administered for seven consecutive days. At T0 and T7 parameters ranged from 75-90% for symptoms related to inflammation of the oral tract, 80% for nasal edema and 100% for otalgia. The physician's judgement about the drug's effectiveness was 90.6% excellent or good. Side effects were reported in 409 cases (9.6%) mainly related to the gastrointestinal tract. There were 72 drop-out (1.7%): 38 (0.9%) for drug intolerance. In conclusion, TA showed excellent safety and effectiveness in improving the recovery of ENT's outpatients.

Acute Disease↗