Biomedical subjects

J Pérez-Olea

Publications and source records attributed to J Pérez-Olea.

At least 19 recordsLinked to original sources

PubMed1996

[Oral vasodilators in the treatment of congestive heart failure].

Oral vasodilators have proved to be valuable drugs in the management of systolic or diastolic congestive heart failure. They produce a clinical and hemodynamic relief of preload, afterload or both during the resting state or exercise. Although left ventricular hypertrophy is an adaptative response to myocardial stress, in the long run it becomes an independent risk factor leading to diastolic dysfunction. At present, pharmacological regression of ventricular hypertrophy has a prognostic importance. Of the large number of available vasodilators, angiotensin converting enzyme inhibitors have proved to be the most successful drugs. They behave as afterload relievers, counteracting both the renin-angiotensin and adrenergic systems, but also are powerful inhibitors of cardiomyocite enlargement and interstitial connective tissue proliferation. This last structural change may revert the compromised diastolic function of the heart.

Administration, Oral↗

PubMed1995

The beta 2 receptor plays a role in the hypotensive effect of L-dopa.

Levodopa is a dopamine precursor exerting its cardiovascular effects by conversion to dopamine and by other mechanisms not elucidated yet. Since beta receptors are involved in levodopa Central Nervous System actions, we tried to find out whether adrenergic receptors are involved in the hypotensive effect of levodopa at peripheral level. Experiments were performed on urethane anesthetized (1 ml/100 g i.p.) and heparinized (300 U.I./kg i.v.) rats. Heart rate and mean carotid blood pressure were registered through a polygraph. Pulmonary ventilation was facilitated by a tracheal cannula. Drugs were infused into the femoral vein through a polyethylene catheter. Two series of the following drugs were assayed: a) Dopamine (3.12 to 25.0 micrograms/100 g i.v.) and levodopa (12.5 to 100 micrograms/100 g i.v.) as control groups. b) The aforementioned drugs and dosages were assayed 20 minutes after intravenous propranolol (50 micrograms/100 g), atenolol (100 micrograms/100 g) and ICI 118.55 (25 micrograms/100 g). Dopamine produced a dose-related hypotensive effect (p < 0.02) which was not modified by propranolol, atenolol or ICI 118.55. Levodopa produced a dose-related blood pressure fall which was not changed by atenolol pre-treatment. Contrariwise, propranolol and ICI 118.55 evoked a blood pressure raise with levodopa. Since propranolol and ICI 118.55 have in common the beta 2 receptor blockade, it is suggested that such receptor has a key role in the hypotensive response induced by levodopa.

Animals↗

PubMed1995

[Treatment for prevention of complications. The case of hypertension].

Nowadays treatment of risk factors seem to be most successful than treating illness itself or its complications. The importance of prospective international surveys in reducing complications has been underlined. From an epidemiological point of view, therapeutic strategies have proved to be more eficacious when applied to the whole hypertensive population than to selective high risk groups. Historically, tendency was aimed to lower diastolic blood pressure, classically a marker of essential hypertension. At present, trends seem to indicate that prognosis is more influenced by systolic hypertension, mainly in the aged. As aging progresses, diastolic pressure tends to decrease, arteries become rigid, cardiac output diminished and pulse wave velocity increases enhancing quick blood return to the heart at the end of systole. All these changes heighten blood pressure, overload the heart and diminish coronary flow. It has been recently reported that lowering diastolic blood pressure under 85-80 mmHg leads to coronary insufficiency or death. HOT study is under way in order to achieve the right criteria on this point. In our view, a key figure is not going to be the answer for everyone.

Adult↗

PubMed1992

[Lorenzo Sazie. His 2nd and 3rd deanships].

This is the continuation of previous articles on Lorenzo Sazie, MD. It deals with advances in Medicine during his second period as a Dean (1855-1865) and the political and cultural atmosphere at the time. Dr Sazie was re-elected as a Dean of the Faculty of Medicine and died from typhoid fever which he acquired while taking care of patients during the 1865 epidemics in Santiago.

Chile↗

PubMed1992

[Etiopathogenic factors of arterial hypertension].

High blood pressure of unknown etiology has been related to many pathogenetic factors, mainly dietary salt intake, mental stress, alcohol consumption, sedentary living and aging. Hypertension is more common in condition such as obesity and diabetes mellitus. Sustained elevation of arterial pressure is mediated by vasoconstriction in response to catecholamine release and activation of the renin-angiotensin-aldosterone system. In obese and diabetic subjects, insulin resistance and hyperinsulinemia have been found to be related to development of hypertension. The hypertension phenotype may correspond to many different genotypes codifying various alterations of hormone and receptor function, as well as inherited diseases linked to hypertension. An outstanding epidemiologic example of how hypertension may appear in a community is found in Easter Island. Hypertension among native adults increased from 3 to 30% in a 10 year period, in relation to influx of tourism and changes in salt intake and diet.

Aging↗

PubMed1992

[Lorenzo Sazié].

The first Dean of the University of Chile School of Medicine was Dr Lorenzo Sazié a young and bright French academician, endowed with superb skills in Surgery and Obstetrics. His nomination as Dean (1843) extended until December 1st, 1865 when he died, just a few days after the passing away of Andrés Bello, the Rector of the University of Chile. Sazié's fulfillment as physician, Professor, Dean, Member of the University Council and President of Protomedicatus Court, was outstanding. He organized medical curricula according to French medical scopes, to local resources and to Chilean prevalent diseases. He enabled scientific development by means of a close connection between the School of Medicine and the School of Physical and Mathematical Sciences. Works of both Schools were supposed to be related with matters of public interest and were published in "Revista de Santiago". He also provided subscriptions to the principal European scientific journals. As President of Protomedicatus he applied severe measures to regulate medical and paramedical performances. In addition, as President of the "Junta de Beneficencia de Santiago" he supervised and updated hospital care management and founded several health institutions such as the Madhouse, the Orphan House and the School of Midwifery. As a physician Sazié was a frugal, generous and dedicated man who, regardless of social or economic positions, served everyone with the same devotion. He died from typhoid fever while taking care of his patients during an epidemic outbreak which took place in Santiago in those days.

Chile↗

PubMed1991

[The protomedicate in Spain].

Protomedicate, a Royal Medical Court devoted to preserve higher academic proficiency and moral standards in the medical profession, was first conceived by the law-oriented monarch Alphonse X, the Wise one (XIII A C) and fully applied in the Iberian Peninsula and its American Colonies about mid XVIth century. Candidates were required to prove their knowledge and manual skills in the presence of the Protomedical and three examiners appointed by the King. According to legal regulations, surgery candidates had to accomplish a four year practice under the supervision of an experienced surgeon. Protomedicate was a unique, peculiar institution developed in Spanish speaking lands. Whereas in England, France or Italy medical teaching was delivered through scientific Academies, Royal Colleges and rarely in Universities, in Spain it was almost exclusively performed by the Protomedicate.

Clinical Competence↗

PubMed1991

[Protomedicato in Chile].

In 1566 Alonso de Villadiego was nominated by the Chilean Cabildo as "Adviser and Examiner in Surgery". By means of this edict, the Spanish Crown paralleled its classical health organization, inspired in rules coming from XIIIth century. The Hospital del Socorro was the focal point of these activities. It turned to be prosperous under the administration of "San Juan de Dios" monks (1617), who rebaptized the Hospital with their name. During the administration of the "Universidad de San Felipe" (1738-1839), the Protomedicato followed the standards imposed by the Cahir of Prima Medicina. Domingo Nevin, Frenchman, and José Antonio Ríos, Chilean, were the first and the last doctors in charge of this task. Ríos conducted the antivariolic campaign, supervised the "Midwifery Law" and controlled the medical and paramedical practice. Afterwards, the Institution plunged into a profound crisis to reflourish in 1833 when it was incorporated within the structure of the School of Medicine. Blest, Cox, Bustillos and Moran were the architects of its splendour. With the foundation of the Universidad de Chile in 1842, its Faculty of Medicine took over the Protomedicato functions. The Institution came to an end in 1892.

Chile↗

PubMed1990

[The antihypertensive response to prazosin, a selective vascular alpha blocker. A multicenter study].

The efficacy and safety of oral prazosin was assessed in 108 ambulatory mild (91-104 mmHg diastolic pressure) to moderate (104-114 mmHg) essential hypertensive patients. After a 2 week no-drug control period, prazosin, 2, 4, 8 or 10 mg per day was given in 2 weeks periods as needed to obtain control of blood pressure. A seating diastolic pressure of < or = 90 mmHg was defined as adequate response. Satisfactory blood pressure response was obtained in 86% of patients, with doses of 4 mg or less in 70%. Treatment results were not related to initial blood pressure level, but obese patients were more resistant to drug effect (p < 0.05). Heart rate and laboratory parameters did not change. Adverse effects, mainly headache, dizziness and palpitations, were noticed in 46 patients (43%) and occurred with the lower dose in 78% of them. Adverse effects were slight or moderated and lasted from 1 day to 2 weeks in most patients. Treatment was discontinued in 2 patients, one because of persistent dizziness which was promptly relieved after stopping the drug and another due to syncope occurring immediately after a dose increase. We conclude that oral prazosin at low doses is an effective and well-tolerated drug which should be considered in the treatment of mild to moderate hypertension.

Adult↗

PubMed1990