[Toxic psychoses caused by drug addiction].
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Female↗
Biomedical subjects
J Padilla
Publications and source records attributed to J Padilla.
Ultrastructural studies of dorsal root axons regenerating through adult frog optic and sciatic nerves.
Optic nerves of adult fish and amphibia can successfully regenerate, in part because their glial cells, unlike those of mammals, provide an environment permissive to regrowth. We altered the environment of regenerating dorsal root axons in the frog, Rana pipiens, by grafting segments of optic nerve to test the permissiveness of CNS glial cells to other sensory neurons. We compared these preparations to grafts of segments of sciatic nerve. After allowing various times for survival, light and electron microscopy were used to evaluate the grafts. An agglomeration of astrocytes, tightly joined by desmosomes, initially formed in the center of the optic nerve grafts. Around this grew regenerating dorsal root axons, accompanied by Schwann cells. At early stages, some axons formed dilated terminal structures, which were not seen in peripheral nerve grafts. The appearance of blood vessels within the graft and the dispersion of cells allowed larger numbers of axons to grow through the graft. By eight weeks, 48% of dorsal root sensory axons had grown through optic nerve grafts, compared to 84% for sciatic nerve. These results suggest that astrocytes from optic nerve are not inhibitory to, and provide a suitable substrate for, regrowing sensory neurons.
Animals↗
[Individualized prognosis in non-small-cell carcinoma. A multivariate approach].
With the aim of providing a system to give individualized initial prognosis for patients with non-small cell lung cancer (NSLC), we performed a multivariate discriminant analysis with combinations of various prognostic factors, studying 93 patients with diagnoses of stage II NSLC and complete followup information. All had undergone surgery at our hospital. Survival longer than or less than one year was defined as the dependent variable: independent variables more clinical, analytical, lung function, histological, anatomical and surgical data. Among the 31.2% of patients who died within one year, tumor size was noticeably greater (6.0 +/- 2.1 cm versus 4.8 +/- 2.0 cm; p = 0.11) and serum albumin was lower (3.7 +/- 0.7 g/dl versus 3.9 +/- 0.6 g/dl; p = 0.039); we found no significant differences among the remaining independent variables in the preliminary univariate analysis. The linear function obtained with discriminant analysis allowed us to classify the patients correctly in 87.1% of cases, with a diagnostic sensitivity of 79.3%, specificity of 90.6%, positive predictive value of 79.3% and negative predictive value of 90.6% for patients who died during the first year. The independent variables that were associated with poor prognosis were large tumor size, long duration of symptoms, low albumin level, high alkaline phosphate level, presence of 2 or more N1 affected nodes, pneumonectomy and presence of perioperative complications. Our findings allow us to conclude that the simultaneous analysis of a variety of prognostic factors can help to give an accurate prognosis for individual patients with the same anatomical stage classification.
Aged↗
Nursing protocol for manipulation of haemodialysis catheters.
This study looked at the incidence of infection complications, in relation to central vein catheterisation as a provisional HD access, by means of the establishment of a nursing protocol for the handling of these catheters. Central vein catheterisation is a classical technique in Nephrology.
Adult↗
[Cardiopulmonary dynamics during a maximal exertion test in Mexican endurance athletes].
AIM: To search for cardiopulmonary (CP) kinetic and dynamic differences between Mexican resistance athletes (RES = 10) and non athletes (NON = 19). METHOD: From the expired volume (Ve), measured by an open circuit spirometry, we calculated both VO2 and VCO2 during stress test while the volunteer pedalled seated on an electronic cycloergometer that started at 50 W.2 min-1 followed by increments of 25 W.2 min-1 each, until VO2máx was reached. The exercise transient time course (min) response (VO2, VCO2, Ve and heart rate, HR; and also O2 pulse, PulO2) was transformed to seconds and modelled by computer using linear regression technique by the interactive minimum squares method, and the mean response time (MRT) was used as an overall kinetic CP parameter. RESULTS: The transient MRTs for VO2, VCO2 and Ve were slow in RES compared to NON. While the transient CP dynamics in NON lasted MRT_VO2 < (MRT_PulO2, MRT_FC) < MRT_VCO2 < MRT_Ve; the RES: both MRT_PulO2 and MRT_HR shifted to the right ((MRT_VO2, MRT_VCO2) < (MRT_PulO2, MRT_FC) < MRT_Ve). The relationships between the best sport profit mean velocity and both the MRT_VO2, MRT_VCO2 and MRT_PulO2 (GEK = gas exchange kinetics) showed fast_RES and slow_GEK, and slow_RES and fast_GEK. CONCLUSION: The transient CP kinetics was slow in RES compared NON. It is possible to distinguish cardiopulmonary kinetic differences among resistance athletes holding different sport profiles.
Adult↗
[Splenectomy in a patient with beta thalassemia intermedia and severe hemolytic anemia].
A 36-year-old woman with beta thalassemia intermedia suffered a hemolytic crisis secondary to Epstein-Barr virus infection. She was given a transfusion of phenotypically compatible blood. However, severe hemolysis persisted (with hemoglobin levels around 4 g/dl) in spite of gamma globulin and corticosteroid administration. Emergency therapeutic splenectomy was performed. We discuss intraoperative management in situations of severe anemia, concluding that it is possible to survive significant decreases in hemoglobin concentration with cardiocirculatory reserve and respiration intact, maintaining normal volume.
Adult↗
[Patients with end-stage chronic renal insufficiency on programmed withdrawal from dialysis].
UNLABELLED: The voluntary discontinuation of dialysis by patients is a common mode of death in dialysis programmes. Unfortunately the Spanish experience has not been related in the nephrological literature. Initiation of, and withdrawal from, dialysis pose ethical questions for medicine in the 21st century. The dialysis population is aging and they have multiple medical problems. The choice may be between prolongation of quantity or quality of life. We evaluated a protocol for initiation of dialysis in patients with end stage renal failure and their subsequent withdrawal. We determined the factors predicting withdrawal of dialysis and revised the protocol to take account of these. We carried out an opinion poll of doctors and nurses about the effectiveness of the protocol. We studied prospectively the reasons for death of patients in the last seven years. RESULTS: Thirty patients were withdrawn from dialysis out of 116 who died during treatment by hemodialysis or continuous ambulatory peritoneal dialysis (CAPD) in the last seven years. Vascular nephropathy is the principal disease predicting withdrawal from dialysis; the main precipitating cause is mental incapacity. The availability of a protocol for withdrawal of dialysis is well received by doctors and nurses and it engenders moral and legal calm when facing difficult decisions. Twenty-six per cent of deaths on regular dialysis are the result of withdrawal of treatment.
Adult↗
A risk model for non-small cell lung cancer using clinicopathological variables, angiogenesis and oncoprotein expression.
BACKGROUND: The aim of this study was to investigate new prognostic factors, by using a prognostic model, that could help to identify the patient group with the greatest probability of death. PATIENTS AND METHODS: First, the clinicopathological variables were analyzed. Second, microvessels were immunohistochemically (IHC) stained with factor VIII-related antibody and then counted in the most intense vascularization area or hotspot, using an automatic image analyzer. In addition, biological angiogenesis-related factors such as vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) and inducible nitric oxide synthase expression (iNOS) were also studied. Finally, we evaluated the IHC expression of p53 and p21WAF1 tumor supressor proteins. RESULTS: The significant independent predictors were: tumor size (p=0.0063), angiogenesis (p=0.0271) and p21WAF1 (p=0.0478). Thus, the most important factor was tumor size 2.7462 [95% CI=1.3307-5.6673]. Finally, these variables were included in a risk model, in order to identify the group with the highest associated probability of death. CONCLUSION: The analysis of several prognostic factors could establish a more accurate patient risk profile.
Aged↗
[Early diagnosis, tumor extension and results of exeresis of primary epidermoid bronchial cancers].
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Bronchial Neoplasms↗
[Maximal aerobic capacity and sports activity in Mexicans from 13 to 56].
The maximum oxygen uptake (VO2máx) of Mexicans living at 2240 m altitude was measured to obtain reference values relating VO2máx with athletic performance, and to evaluate the impact of this measure of cardiorespiratory fitness and sport activity on the ageing process. Clinically healthy male individuals (N = 138), 13 to 56 years of age, were divided into groups by decade and according to sport participation. The VO2máx maximum values for power (Power max), and heart rate (HRmax) were measured while subjects exercised on an electronic cycle ergometer using an open circuit spirometry system. The maximum power index (PImax) was also calculated. The VO2máx indicated that modes of sport activity positively affected aerobic power and "counteracted" age-related decreased in HRmax-, VO2máx-, Powermax-, and PImax.
Adolescent↗