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Biomedical subjects

J Pantoja

Publications and source records attributed to J Pantoja.

6 recordsLinked to original sources
PubMed2001

Lower esophageal sphincter pressure in idiopathic achalasia and Chagas disease-related achalasia.

The most important etiologies of achalasia are idiopathic and related to Chagas' disease. The lower esophageal sphincter pressure (LESP) in idiopathic achalasia (Id Ach) is higher compared with a healthy group, but there are different reports in Chagasic achalasia (Ch Ach). We compared the LESP of patients with both forms of achalasia and a control group. The LESP of 213 achalasia patients without previous treatment and 32 healthy volunteers were assessed. In 126 patients, the etiology could be demonstrated using serologic tests (Id Ach, 94 and Ch Ach, 32). The LESP of 213 patients was 31.86+/-14.18 mmHg and in the control group was 17.92+/-7.03 mmHg (P < 0.0001). The LESP in Id Ach and Ch Ach was 33.28+/-13.63 mmHg and 23.5+/-12.09 mmHg (P < 0.0001), respectively. Only the Id Ach group achieved statistical difference in relation to the control group (P < 0.0001). In conclusion, the LESP of Id Ach patients was higher than in Ch Ach patients and the control group, but there was no LESP difference between the Ch Ach and control groups.

Analysis of Variance↗
PubMed1996

Fatty acid digestibility and lactation performance by dairy cows fed fats varying in degree of saturation.

Holstein cows fed fats varying in degree of saturation were used to evaluate lactation performance (35 multiparous and 15 primiparous cows) and fatty acid digestibility (5 cows). Data from wk 2 and 3 of lactation were used for covariable adjustment of data from wk 4 through 19. Diets were a basal diet (control) with no added fat and four diets with 5% added fat from tallow, tallow plus partially hydrogenated tallow in proportions of 2:1 or 1:2, or partially hydrogenated tallow; iodine values were 45, 35, 26, and 16 for the diets with added fat, respectively. Digestibilities of OM, NDF, and N were not affected by fat supplementation (mean of four fat treatments vs. control) or by degree of fat saturation. Fatty acid digestibility was lower for cows fed fat than for those fed the control diet and decreased linearly with increased fat saturation. In both trials, DMI increased linearly as fat saturation increased. In the digestion trial, cows fed fat tended to have lower DMI than those fed the control diet, primarily because of the unsaturated fat. In the production trial, DMI was similar for cows fed the control diet (22.3 kg/d) or the diet with added fat from tallow (22.1 kg/d) and tended to be higher for cows fed the diet containing partially hydrogenated tallow (23.9 kg/d). Milk production was higher for cows fed fat than for cows fed the control diet, but 4% FCM was unaffected. Milk fat and protein percentages were not affected by fat supplementation but increased linearly with increased fat saturation. Mean body condition score of cows increased as fat saturation increased. The lower digestibility of the diet with added fat from partially hydrogenated tallow was offset by higher DMI and percentages of milk fat and protein as fat became more saturated.

Animals↗
PubMed1996

Fatty acid digestion in lactating dairy cows fed fats varying in degree of saturation and different fiber sources.

Six cannulated cows were assigned to six treatments in a 6 x 6 Latin square design to evaluate the effects of fat saturation and amount and source of effective fiber on fatty acid metabolism. Cows were fed a control diet with no added fat or diets with 5% added fat from saturated tallow, tallow, or animal-vegetable fat; the diets with animal-vegetable fat had three percentages of effective fiber: 40% forage, 40% forage plus 20% soyhulls, or 60% forage. Cows fed diets supplemented with fat tended to have more disappearance of total fatty acids in the rumen than did those fed the control diet. Disappearance of fatty acids from the rumen, especially C16 and C18, was higher for cows fed the low fiber diet. The apparent digestibility of fatty acids in the small intestine was higher for cows fed the control diet than for those fed supplemental fat. Apparent digestibility also was reduced as fat saturation increased, primarily because of saturated tallow. Digestibility of C18:1 in saturated tallow was reduced, apparently in association with other saturated fatty acids. Fiber source had no effects on apparent intestinal digestibility of fatty acids. Concentrations of C18:0 and C18:1 in milk fat increased as the degree of fat saturation decreased, reflecting higher unsaturated C18 intake and ruminal biohydrogenation of polyunsaturated C18 fatty acids.

Animal Feed↗
PubMed1995

Site of digestion and milk production by cows fed fats differing in saturation, esterification, and chain length.

Four cannulated cows in a 4 x 4 Latin square design were used to study the effects of supplemental dietary fatty acids from roasted soybeans combined with tallow or partially hydrogenated fats, varying in esterification and fatty acid chain length, on nutrient digestion and lactation performance. Diets were formulated to contain (DM basis) 48% forage in addition to 1.5% fatty acids from roasted soybeans and 2.5% fatty acids from tallow, partially hydrogenated tallow triglycerides, partially hydrogenated tallow fatty acids, or a blend of 30% tallow and 70% hydrogenated fatty acids that were rich in palmitic acid. Apparent total tract digestibilities of OM, N, and NDF were similar among diets. Supplemental fat as fatty acids, compared with triglycerides, increased digestibilities of total fatty acids and C18:1 in the small intestine, perhaps indicating that lipolysis was rate-limiting. Fatty acids also increased milk fat percentage and efficiency of 4% FCM production. Although intake of C16 fatty acids was higher for cows fed the fat rich in palmitic acid than for those fed the tallow fatty acids, total duodenal flows of C16 fatty acids were similar, and digestibility in the small intestine was unaffected. Dry matter intake, 4% FCM production, and milk protein percentage were similar among treatments.

Animals↗
PubMed1994

Effects of fat saturation and source of fiber on site of nutrient digestion and milk production by lactating dairy cows.

Six primiparous cannulated cows were assigned to six treatments in a 6 x 6 Latin square design to evaluate the effects of degree of fat saturation and amount and source of effective fiber on site of nutrient digestion and milk production. Cows were fed for ad libitum intake a control diet with no added fat or diets with 5% added fat from saturated tallow, tallow, or animal-vegetable fat; the diets with animal-vegetable fat had 40% forage, 40% forage plus 20% soyhulls, or 60% forage. Ruminal acetate:propionate was higher when soyhulls replaced forage NDF because of the higher digestibility of soyhulls in the rumen and total tract. Ruminal digestion of NDF was decreased as unsaturation of fat increased. True and apparent efficiencies of bacterial protein synthesis were increased as fat unsaturation increased, probably because of reduced recycling of microbial N in the rumen. The digestibility of fatty acids in the small intestine was higher in cows fed no fat than in those fed fat and was reduced as fat unsaturation decreased, primarily because of the saturated tallow. Dry matter intake was decreased 14% by increased fat unsaturation. All fat supplements depressed milk protein percentage. Production of 4% FCM tended to decrease linearly as unsaturation of fat increased. In diets with 5% added fat, a degree of saturation between saturated tallow and tallow (iodine values of 18 and 62) appears to be optimum for fatty acid digestibility and DMI.

Acetates↗