[Historical bibliography of science and technology in Spain, 1996].
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Biomedical subjects
Publications and source records attributed to J Pardo Tomás.
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This article tries to reconstruct the composition of the Board of Royal Physicians during the reign of Charles II (1665-1799) and the first part of the reign of Philip V (1700-1724), a crucial period in the introduction of modern science and medicine in the Spanish Kingdoms. Their personal records, to be found in the Archivo General de Palacio in Madrid, have been exhaustively consulted. Some of these royal physicians formed part of the Castilian Tribunal del Protomedicato, by means of which the Board of Royal Physicians was selected, promoted and controlled. The Protomedicato was an important battlefield in the conflict between traditional and modern medicine, in which Italian physicians played a decisive role.
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Pierre Régis, a French Calvinist physician exiled in Holland, made a disparaging mention to the Spaniards and the Portuguese in his foreword to M. Malpighi's Opera Posthuma (Amsterdam, 1698). Several Spanish physicians, especially Diego Mateo Zapata, replied to Régis's invective in an attempt to win support from the new Borbonic dynasty for the scientific renovation movement started in the last decades of the seventeenth century. Two major institutions were involved in the replies: the Royal Society of Medicine and other sciences of Seville, and the Anatomical Theatre of the General Hospital of Madrid, both created during the reign of Charles II of Austria. The self-perception of the Spanish medical novatores and their awareness of the backwardness of Spanish science with regard to Europe are analyzed.
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