Biomedical subjects

J Paries

Publications and source records attributed to J Paries.

22 records · Page 2Linked to original sources

PubMed1996

Erythrocyte rheological changes in obese patients: influence of hyperinsulinism.

OBJECTIVE: To investigate the rheological properties of RBC in obese subjects and the factors associated with their changes. SUBJECTS: Two consecutive studies of non diabetic obese subjects. MEASUREMENTS: Filtration index of RBC using the Hanss hemorheometer, RBC filterability using a cell transit time analyser and RBC aggregation measured on the Myrenne aggregometer. RESULTS: In both studies an increase in the filtration index of RBC, namely a reduction in their deformability, was found. In the first study the filtration index correlated negatively with hematocrit and positively with plasma C peptide levels. In the second study RBC filterability was also studied by the cell transit time analyzer in which there is no aggregate formation. The RBC transit time was not found to be different in the obese patients and in the controls, but RBC aggregation was increased and correlated significantly with body weight and BMI. RBC aggregation worsened after four days of hypocaloric diet. CONCLUSION: (1) obesity, independently of the other cardiovascular risk factors, is associated with significant changes in RBC rheology; (2) these changes are probably related for the most part to plasma factors, possibly via hyperinsulinemia, even if changes in the chemical composition of the RBC membrane are not excluded, (3) RBC aggregation worsens during the first days of a hypocaloric diet; (4) rheological changes in RBC seem to be another component of the insulin resistance syndrome.

Adult↗

PubMed1996

[Erythrocyte rheology and heart hypertrophy in diabetes mellitus].

Reduced red cell filtration and increased aggregation have been reported in diabetic patients. Heart enlargement is a classical complication of high blood pressure but is also frequently encountered in diabetics. The aim of this work was to explore the relationship between rheological disorders and heart enlargement in diabetics and in an animal model of genetically diabetic rats. 1. Among a series of 92 patients with insulin-dependent or non-insulin-dependent diabetes mellitus, silent myocardial ischemia was evidenced in 28. Coronarography in 24 of these patients was strictly normal in 15. In the patients with angiographically normal coronary arteries, the coronary reserve was perturbed by intracoronary injection of papaverine. The left ventricular mass was normal in 79 patients. In patients with silent myocardial ischemia and angiographically normal coronary arteries, there was a positive correlation between left ventricular mass and red cell filtration index using the Hanss hemorheometer (n = 8, r = 0.954, p = 0.001). 2. Red cell stiffness was studied sequentially from 3 to 18 months in diabetic rats Goto Kakisaki (GK). In these rats, cardiac index (heart weight/body weight) was significantly higher than that in Wistors control rats (0.27 +/- 0.02% vs. 0.17 +/- 0.01%, p < 0.001) and was significantly correlated with erythrocyte magnesium (r = 0.920, p 0.026). Overall, the cardiac index in the rats was significantly correlated with red cell filtration (r = 0.370, p = 0.044). In GK rats, heart rate was significantly slower and systolic blood pressure was slightly higher than in control rats (telemetric measures). These findings show that in diabetes mellitus, heart enlargement may be determined by factors other than hypertension or sensitivity to sympathetic stimulation and might be favored by rheological changes and/or excessive intracellular magnesium. In patients with diabetes, the reduced coronary reserve could result in left ventricular hypertrophy but also rheological changes.

Animals↗

PubMed1996

[The Laser-Doppler microcirculation technique in the study of the orthosympathetic system in obese and non-insulin-dependent diabetic patients].

Parasympathetic as well as cardiovascular sympathetic activity is perturbed in the heart of diabetic and obese subjects. The aim of this work was to assess the effect of sympathetic control on variations in skin blood flow in 14 controls, 42 subjects with non-insulin-dependent diabetes and 57 obese subjects without diabetes. All subjects had normal blood pressure and had no other disease state which might modify skin blood flow. Laser-Doppler measurement of skin blood flow on the palmar aspect of the right first finger was performed at rest and during three tests which activate sympathetic tone: deep respiration (R), active orthostatism (O) and Valsalva's manoeuvre (V). In all 113 subjects, there was a negative correlation between age and the standard deviation of blood skin flow at rest (p = 0.001) and rate of blood skin flow decline during R (p = 0.002), O (p < 0.0001) and V (p = 0.005). The standard deviation and slope of decline in blood skin flow during R was lower than the initial levels in controls in 11 diabetes patients and 6 obese subjects and in 15 diabetic patients and 12 obese subjects respectively. The slope of decline in skin blood flow during O was positively correlated with plasma cholesterol (p = 0.002), red cell aggregation index (p = 0.013) and negatively with hematocrit, glucose control and creatininemia. The respective effects of these factors were analyzed in each of the three groups of subjects. These preliminary results suggest that 1) the variation in skin blood flow at rest is regulated by the sympathetic system and the drop in skin blood flow during the three tests activating the sympathetic system decreases with age, 2) sympathetic control of peripheral vasoconstriction is reduced in many diabetic and obese subjects, 3) red cell aggregability and different metabolic parameters and renal function have an effect.

Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2↗

PubMedDate not supplied

Prospective evaluation of uterine artery flow velocity waveforms at 12-14 and 22-24 weeks of gestation in relation to pregnancy outcome and birth weight.

OBJECTIVE: Uterine artery flow velocity was prospectively assessed using Doppler ultrasound at 12-14 and 22-24 weeks of gestation in the prediction of subsequent complications related to uteroplacental insufficiency: preeclampsia, pregnancy-induced hypertension, fetal growth restriction, fetal death and placental abruption, and to elucidate its relationship with birth weight. METHODS: Uterine artery Doppler assessment was obtained during routine ultrasound screening in 263 unselected women. Flow velocity waveforms were coded according to the number of notches present at each scanning, respectively: none (0, 0), uni-/bilateral notches that disappeared (1, 0) or (2, 0), uni-/bilateral notches that persisted unilaterally (1, 1) or (2, 1), and persistent bilateral notches (2, 2). RESULTS: Complete outcome data was obtained for 243 (92.4%) women. Of these women, 55 (22.6%) and 84 (34.6%) women had uni- and bilateral notches, respectively, at 12-14 weeks' gestation; 14 (5.8%) and 21 (8.6%) patients had uni- and bilateral notches, respectively, at 22-24 weeks' gestation. Analysis of complication rates for the four groups showed that they increased with notch persistence (5.7, 13.5, 57.1 and 76.2%), while the corresponding mean birth weight declined (3,273, 3,180, 2,698 and 2,418 g). CONCLUSION: The absence or early disappearance of uterine artery notches is associated with fewer complications related to uteroplacental insufficiency and normal birth weight, whereas their late and partial disappearance or bilateral persistence tends to compromise the prognosis.

Adult↗