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Biomedical subjects

J Pasco

Publications and source records attributed to J Pasco.

7 recordsLinked to original sources
PubMed2001

Genetic variation and obesity in Australian women: a prospective study.

OBJECTIVE: A number of candidate genes have been implicated in the pathogenesis of obesity in humans. This study examines associations between longitudinal changes in body mass and composition and the presence of polymorphisms in the beta-3 adrenergic receptor, tumor necrosis factor-alpha, leptin, and leptin receptor (Lepr) in a cohort of Australian women. RESEARCH METHODS AND PROCEDURES: Healthy white Australian women (n = 335) were randomly selected from the Barwon region of Victoria and underwent baseline anthropometry and double-energy X-ray absorptiometry for assessment of body mass and adiposity. These measurements were repeated again at 2-year follow-up. Genomic DNA was extracted and used for polymerase chain reaction-based genotyping of all polymorphisms. RESULTS: The Pro1019Pro Lepr polymorphism was associated with longitudinal increases in body weight (p = 0.02), fat mass (p = 0.05), and body mass index (p = 0.01) in this study, and individuals homozygous for the A allele at this locus had a greater propensity to gain body fat over time. The largest effects on body composition seemed to be in individuals already obese at baseline. Changes in body weight, fat mass, percent body fat, and body mass index over a 2-year period were not associated with genetic variation in the beta-3 adrenergic receptor (Trp64Arg), tumor necrosis factor-alpha promoter, or leptin genes in non-obese or obese women. DISCUSSION: These results suggest that a Lepr polymorphism is involved in the regulation of body mass and adiposity in obese Australian white women, which may have implications for the treatment of obesity in this population.

Absorptiometry, Photon↗
PubMed2001

Survival from out-of-hospital cardiac arrest in the Geelong region of Victoria, Australia.

OBJECTIVE: To study the outcome from prehospital cardiac arrest managed by ambulance personnel, and to examine overall survival rates from successful resuscitation. METHODS: A retrospective analysis was made of 115 patient care records of prehospital cardiac arrests with attempted resuscitation between July 1996 and September 1999. All cases had a presumed primary cardiac cause for their cardiac arrest. RESULTS: Overall survival, defined as admitted to hospital alive, was 22 subjects (19.1%), with five subjects (4.3%) being discharged from hospital neurologically intact. Of the patients who survived to the emergency department, six (5%) had initially presented in pulseless electrical activity and 16 (14%) presented with ventricular fibrillation. No patients presented with ventricular tachycardia and no survivors presented in asystole. Median response interval from time of call to arrival of initial crew at patient's side was 9 min. No patients survived when response interval was greater than 14 min. Bystander cardiopulmonary resuscitation was being performed on 55 patients (48%) on arrival of initial ambulance crew; 68.2% of patients surviving to hospital having had bystander cardiopulmonary resuscitation. CONCLUSION: Decreasing time delays in accessing the patient is crucial to improving outcome in out-of-hospital cardiac arrest.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1998

Lifestyle factors fail to explain the variation in plasma leptin concentrations in women.

To assess the relationship between circulating leptin concentrations, metabolic parameters, and lifestyle factors such as alcohol intake, physical activity level, smoking habits, and reproductive history, a cohort of 359 women was drawn from a population-based study conducted in Victoria, Australia. The parameters measured included body mass index (BMI); waist and hip circumference; blood pressure; and fasting glucose, insulin, triacylglycerol, cholesterol, and leptin concentrations. In addition, a self-administered questionnaire was used to assess reproductive history, physical activity level, alcohol intake, and smoking habits. Our results demonstrated that BMI, body weight, waist circumference, and hip circumference were all strongly correlated with circulating leptin concentrations in this population (r > 0.56, P < 0.001 in all cases). Waist/hip ratio, triacylglycerols, insulin, glucose, and cholesterol were also associated with leptin (P < 0.05), but there was no association between leptin and age, height, or blood pressure. When these associations were adjusted for BMI, age, glucose, and waist circumference were significantly associated with leptin. The lifestyle factors examined did not help to explain the observed variation in leptin concentrations between individuals when results were adjusted for degree of adiposity and age.

Adult↗
PubMed1998

A punch injury.

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Adult↗