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Biomedical subjects

J Patterson

Publications and source records attributed to J Patterson.

At least 127 records · Page 7Linked to original sources
PubMed1983

Comparison of cerebral blood flow after venesection of bronchitic secondary polycythaemic and primary polycythaemic patients.

Cerebral blood flow was measured before and after lowering of haematocrit in four patients with primary polycythaemia and in nine with polycythaemia secondary to chronic obstructive airways disease. Cerebral blood flow values in each group were abnormally low to a similar degree at the start of the study and the degree of rise in cerebral blood flow per unit fall in haematocrit after venesection also was similar in each. Oxygen delivery fell despite increased cerebral blood flow and symptomatic benefit was infrequent. In male secondary polycythaemic patients rise in cerebral blood flow was not associated with any improvement in hypothalamo-pituitary-testicular function which we had previously noted to be suppressed in such hypoxic subjects. Our findings suggest viscosity changes rather than alteration in blood oxygen carriage to be responsible for cerebral blood flow improvement. It is concluded that therapeutic venesection in such patients should be applied with caution.

Adult↗
PubMed1982

beta-Adrenergic effects on composition of parotid salivary secretion of sheep on feeding.

Observations were made in sheep, before and after fresh food was given during teasing with food and after rumination, on the flow of parotid saliva and its protein Mg2+, K+, Na+ and Cl- concentrations. The animals studied had either a cannulated or fistulated parotid salivary duct. Parotid salivary flow, protein, Mg2+, K+ and Cl- increased markedly following feeding. The increases in protein and Mg2+, but not in flow, were largely blocked by the i.v. administration of propranolol (1 mg . kg-1). Whereas the actual ingestion of food was associated with large increases in protein (up to 42.5 times, to as high as 1760 micrograms . ml-1 of saliva), teasing with food caused relatively minor increases in parotid saliva. There were slight, if any, changes in protein concentration during the increased parotid salivary flows of rumination, whether chewing was on the same side or contralateral to the cannulated parotid salivary duct. It is concluded that a beta-adrenergic mechanism previously demonstrated in acute experiments contributes to increases in the secretion of protein of the parotid saliva when sheep eat. There was a close correlation between the concentrations of protein and of Mg2+ but not of the other electrolytes studied.

Animals↗
PubMed1982

Diagnosis of cutaneous T cell lymphoma by use of monoclonal antibodies reactive with tumor-associated antigens.

Two murine monoclonal antibodies (BE1 and BE2), produced by using leukemic helper T cells from a patient with cutaneous T-cell lymphoma (CTCL) as immunogens, reacted selectively with CTCL lymphocytes and some transformed cultured lymphocytes, as determined by radioimmunoassay (RIA) and indirect immunofluorescence (IIF). BE1 reacted significantly (P less than or equal to 0.001) with leukemic CTCL lymphocytes and with CTCL cells from infiltrated lymph nodes (RIA, mean +/- SD = 776 +/- 275 cpm), as compared with background counts (263 +/- 68). BE1 binding to normal blood mononuclear cells (RIA, mean +/- SD = 283 +/- 58 cpm) was indistinguishable from background. BE1 also reacted with Epstein-Barr virus (EBV)-transformed B-cell lines (RIA, mean +/- SD = 794 +/- 230) and some long-term T-cell lines. BE1 did not react with the majority of lymphoid cell lines or tumor cell lines tested. BE1 also did not react with any normal tissues screened by IIF. BE1 precipitated a molecule from CTCL cells that, under reducing conditions, has two components with molecular mass of 27,200 and 25,800 D. BE2 also reacted significantly (P less than or equal to 0.001) with CTCL cells from two of four patients (RIA, mean +/- SD = 519 +/- 113 cpm). The binding of BE2 to normal mononuclear cells was indistinguishable from background (309 +/- 38 cpm). BE2 also reacted with an antigen present on EBV-B-cell lines (RIA, mean +/- SD = 654 +/- 194) and MOLT 3 and HUT 78 T-cell lines. BE2 reacted with an antigen expressed on a subpopulation of lymphocytes from five of eight patients with B-cell CLL studied by IIF (mean +/- SD = 18 +/- 6). Other long-term T-cell lines and tumor cell lines studied by IIF were unreactive with BE2. BE2 did not react with any of the normal tissues studied. BE2 precipitated a molecule (78,000 D) from CTCL cells and EBV-B cells with a single component under reducing conditions. Immunoperoxidase-labeled BE1 and BE2 reacted with CTCL cells in frozen sections of infiltrated lymph nodes and skin. In addition, BE1 and BE2 reacted with blood lymphocytes from 16 of 21 patients whose CTCL had otherwise been considered localized to skin. These two monoclonal antibodies react with tumor antigens associated with CTCL and appear to be useful in the diagnosis of this disorder.

Antibodies, Monoclonal↗
PubMed1981

Venereology.

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Confidentiality↗
PubMed1981

Cerebral blood flow and intelligence rating in persons over 90 years old.

Cerebral blood flow (CBF) and intellectual rating scale (IRS) measurements were carried out in 54 subjects over the age of 90. Two successive measurements of CBF by the xenon-133 inhalation method, 20 min apart, were made in 38 of these persons under the same conditions in order to measure the precision (repeatability) of the CBF technique on this subject category. A statistically significant lower mean cerebral blood flow was found for this over-90-year-old group compared to young adults. The subjects were divided into subgroups according to their IRS score from normal to severely demented. Resting CBF in the various IRS groups did not differ significantly. However at low IRS values there was much less variability between successive CBF measurements in the same individual suggesting failing vasomotor tone with senile dementia.

Age Factors↗
PubMed1980

Clinical pharmacology of tamoxifen and N-desmethyltamoxifen in patients with advanced breast cancer.

Serum concentrations of tamoxifen and its metabolite, N-desmethyltamoxifen (DMT) were determined in six post-menopausal patients with advanced breast cancer. Following a single 10-mg dose PO parent drug was detected in the serum, with a peak concentration of 17.5 ng/ml. Concentrations of the N-desmethyl metabolite were below the limit of detection (less than 2.5 ng/ml). After 21 days' oral therapy with 10 mg b.i.d. the serum concentration of tamoxifen had increased ten fold, while DMT was now present in comparable amounts. Two patients were further studied for a longer time period. There was little change in the serum concentration of tamoxifen, while the DMT increased two fold above its value at 21 days.

Breast Neoplasms↗
PubMed1980

Prediction of late ischemic complications after cerebral aneurysm surgery by the intraoperative measurement of cerebral blood flow.

The response of cerebral blood flow (CBF) to drug-induced hypotension was measured in 20 patients who underwent craniotomy for clipping of a cerebral aneurysm following subarachnoid hemorrhage. A modified intravenous xenon-133 injection technique was used to monitor CBF. In 15 patients, CBF increased significantly with hypotension, and only one developed a late neurological deficit. In five patients, CBF fell with halothane-induced hypotension, and four developed delayed neurological deficits. Measurement of the intraoperative CBF response to halothane-induced hypotension may reveal those patients at greatest risk of developing late neurological deficits and who require more intensive postoperative monitoring and early use of the induced hypertension technique.

Blood Pressure↗
PubMed1979

Neisseria meningitidis bacteremia in association with deficiency of the sixth component of complement.

The serum of a 26-year-old black man with a recent episode of meningococcemia complicated by meningitis and arthritis was found to lack hemolytic complement activity. The sixth component of complement was not detected by functional or immunochemical assays whereas other components were normal by hemolytic assay. His fresh acute-phase serum lacked complement-mediated bactericidal activity against the homologous strain of Neisseria meningitidis, but the addition of fresh normal serum or purified C6 restored bactericidal activity as well as hemolytic activity. The absence of C6 activity could not be accounted for on the basis of an inhibitor. Opsonization and chemotaxis functioned normally. Histocompatibility typing of family members did not demonstrate evidence for genetic linkage of C6 deficiency with the major histocompatibility loci. This report represents the first published case of C6 deficiency associated with bacteremic Neisseria infections in which antimeningococcal bactericidal antibodies have been definitively demonstrated against the homologous strain in the acute phase of the illness.

Adult↗
PubMed1979

A pragmatic approach to mental health aftercare and partial hospitalization.

Over recent years, there has been increased attention to providing viable community-based alternatives to inpatient psychiatric care. Although there is increased demand for aftercare or daycare social/psychological community treatment, funding sources also mandate more clearcut and precise demonstrations of therapeutic and program effectiveness. This paper describes a pragmatic new approach to daycare for the emotionally disturbed. The central aspects of this approach are: the behavioral identification of clearcut psychosocial treatment goals, contractual negotiation of treatment plans, a skill remediation approach to treatment and objective evaluation of client improvement. By adopting practical and individually-tailored treatment goals and modalities, and by incorporating objective evaluative criteria into a daycare program's treatment components, it is possible to more accurately assess client improvement.

Aftercare↗
PubMed1979

Objective evaluation and prediction of client improvement in mental health aftercare.

External funding sources and review boards appropriately are mandating more objective, clear-cut demonstrations of mental health program effectiveness. Mental health adult aftercare programs, traditionally characterized by globally-defined, imprecise goal and outcome measurement, can be objectively, empirically evaluated. The current paper illustrates how structured ratings and observations can be used feasibly to yield quantified "hard data" on client improvement and program effectiveness. The paper also presents the results of a program evaluation research study which indicate that while psychosocial history variables predict initial client appearance in aftercare, program participation-involvement behavior (and not psychosocial history) predict client improvement. Implications of these finds and the need for objective approaches to aftercare program evaluation are discussed.

Adult↗