Biomedical subjects

J Pavlát

Publications and source records attributed to J Pavlát.

10 recordsLinked to original sources

PubMed2006

Limbic irritability and chaotic neural response during conflicting stroop task in the patients with unipolar depression.

According to recent findings activation of anterior cingulate cortex (ACC) is related to detecting cognitive conflict. This conflict related activation elicits autonomic responses which can be assessed by psychophysiological measures such as heart rate variability calculated as beat to beat R-R intervals (RRI). Recent findings in neuroscience also suggest that cognitive conflict is related to specific nonlinear chaotic changes of the signal generated by neural systems. The present study used Stroop word-color test as an experimental approach to psychophysiological study of cognitive conflict in connection with RRI measurement, psychometric measurement of limbic irritability (LSCL-33), depression (BDI-II) and calculation of largest Lyapunov exponents in nonlinear data analysis of RRI time series. Significant correlation 0.61 between largest Lyapunov exponents and LSCL-33 found in this study indicate that a defect of neural inhibition during conflicting Stroop task is closely related to limbic irritability. Because limbic irritability is probably closely related to epileptiform abnormalities in the temporolimbic structures, this result might represent useful instrument for indication of anticonvulsant treatment in depressive patients who are resistant to antidepressant medication.

Adult↗

PubMed2002

[The overworked physician. II].

Medical doctor is exposed to various types of professional stress. One of the risk factors is the lack of awareness of the fact that patients frequently do not do what is necessary, and that possibilities of therapy are limited. Another risk factor is a deep identification with patient. In relation to colleagues, the risk factor represents the low ability to communicated, and resulting feeling of isolation. The higher professional gratification was derived from the sense of being needfull and from successful resolution of difficult cases. Majority of studies came to the conclusion that the effective prevention of health troubles is the balanced life-style and the possibility to discuss with colleagues both the professional difficulties and possible conflicts with patients as well as personal worries. Essential is also an emphatic though pragmatic relation to patient and to the possibilities of therapy. Many medical doctors referred the necessity of developing a personal and professional philosophy. The elementary example is the appropriate hierarchy of values and priorities, organisation of time and solution of conflicts of interests.

Humans↗

PubMed2002

[The stressed physician. I. What conditions of the profession are stressful for the physician? What disorders do physicians experience and what are the effects on patients?].

Beside the traditional stress of the medical profession (namely the stress of time, dealing with tiresome patients, non-success in therapy, outgrowing of profession into the private life), during the last decades doctors have to cope with the growing instrumentalization and byrocratization of medicine. It may impair the personal relations of doctors and their attitude to patients. Medical doctors are more than other professionals under the pressure of worries and potential risks and therefore they are more anxious. The largest health risk for the medical professionals appears the burnout syndrome. It can be characterised as a loss of the positive relation to himself and to surrounding and the loss of the working competence.

Burnout, Professional↗

PubMed1994

[Results of training in communication skills at the First Medical School of Charles University in Prague].

Consistent with new trends in medical training the First Medical Faculty, Charles University Prague included in its curriculum of general medicine a mandatory programme devoted to communication skills. The main objective is to teach students to establish valuable contact with the patient and elucidate the problem presented by the patient. Another objective is to show the therapeutic potential of a well conducted interview. All hitherto trained students who attended the classes on communication skills acquired within the repertoire of skills used in discussions with patients the skill of a non-directive interview focused on elucidation of the problem on which the patient saw his doctor. It proved possible to demonstrate that integration of theoretical knowledge into practical procedures used in diagnosis, treatment and supportive psychotherapy of somatic and psychosomatic diseases and reactive conditions is a relatively demanding and long-term process which can be mastered during training which uses acting (simulated doctor, simulated patient) and feedback by videorecording.

Communication↗

PubMed1994

[Teaching communication skills].

Curriculum of medicine on most of medical faculties reshapes rapidly in last decades. The main afford aims to reform the classic curriculum so that students would be able to enter actively the teaching process and acquire the theoretic knowledge in course of solving practical medical problems. This trend led to complete restructuring of medical curriculum on Mcmaster university in Canada and Maastricht university in the Netherlands. Further medical faculties introduce since early eighties workshops on communication skills. Those skills create and maintain the doctor-patient relationship, gather the relevant verbal information and contribute to the solution of the problem. Workshops on communication skills use video feedback and feedback provided by the group. The role playing, simulated patients and the real patients are used. It is essential for the productivity of learning process to have an nondirective supportive teacher and to make students responsible for the progress. The First Medical Faculty of the Charles University adopted the teaching model developed on basis of experience with postgraduate education of general practitioners.

Communication↗

PubMed1984