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Biomedical subjects

J Paxinos

Publications and source records attributed to J Paxinos.

15 recordsLinked to original sources
PubMed1978

The current status of laetrile.

Amygdalin at various concentrations and with numerous impurities is the most common cyanogenic glycoside found in laetrile samples. Its chemical properties were first described in 1837, and pharmacologic studies have shown that ultimately it is broken down to HCN, benzaldehyde, and glucose by enzymes found in gut bacteria but not intracellularly in humans. Fatal and nonfatal toxicities to orally ingested cyanogenic glycosides have been reported worldwide. We review here the signs and symptoms of acute cyanide toxicity and its treatment. Substantial in-vitro and in-vivo testing in animal tumor systems has shown that amygdalin is entirely devoid of significant anticancer activity. Control animals often have lived longer than those treated with various doses and schedules of amygdalin. Acceptable clinical studies in humans are lacking, but such ventures would appear to be contraindicated from animal studies and observed human toxicities. We also discuss current legal-judicial aspects of laetrile therapy for cancer.

Amygdalin↗
PubMed1978

Cephalosporins: use review and cost analysis.

The prescribing patterns for the cephalosporins and the cost-savings following restriction of cephalothin sodium and approval of cefazolin sodium were studied over a three-year period at a university hospital. The prescribing patterns for cefazolin relative to dose, frequency, duration of therapy and clinical indications were studied for 64 patients during a one-month period. Parenteral cephalosporin use for three years was analyzed to determine comparative use rates and costs. For the most part, cefazolin was used properly during the one-month study. The greatest misuse was as prophylactic therapy in postsurgical patients. The switch from cephalothin to cefazolin resulted in a projected annual savings of $5,500, equal to more than 10% of the hospital's expenditures for parenteral cephalosporins. The prescribed daily dose of cephalosporin dropped by one-third following the formulary change. The decision to use cefazolin as the major parenteral cephalosporin resulted in substantial cost savings.

Arizona↗
PubMed1975

Combined volume control set-piggyback system for intermittent intravenous therapy.

A new method for intermittent administration of i.v. fluids which maintains the advantages of the piggyback system but at a lower cost than the piggyback system is described. The system uses a volume control chamber as a replacement for a minibag or minibottle to deliver doses of different medications. The volume control set, when attached in the prescribed fashion, permits the flow from the primary i.v. solution to resume automatically when the volume control chamber is empty. One large-volume container of i.v. fluid can be used to dilute many doses of different drugs in the volume control chamber rather than one small-volume container per dose. No significant difficulties have been encountered with the mechanics of the system, and nursing response has been favorable.

Costs and Cost Analysis↗
PubMed1970

Enzymes for trauma.

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Cataract Extraction↗
PubMed1970

Hypnotic drugs.

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Drug Tolerance↗