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Biomedical subjects

J Pearce

Publications and source records attributed to J Pearce.

At least 55 records · Page 3Linked to original sources
PubMed1985

Acute cerebral revascularization.

Fifteen patients evaluated for acute cerebral ischemia underwent acute cerebral revascularization between March, 1979, and May, 1983. Clinical presentation included crescendo transient ischemic attacks (TIA's) in eight cases, progressing neurological dysfunction in three cases, and completed nonfluctuating deficits in four cases. Nine patients received intravenous heparin but did not improve neurologically. The patients with crescendo TIA's were operated on within 4 hours of their last event; those with progressing deficits were operated on while the deficit was developing, and those with established deficits were operated on 4, 6, 9, and 12 hours, respectively, after the event began. The clinical picture for 10 patients had resolved within 10 hours after surgery. One patient with crescendo TIA's, two with progressing deficits, and two with established deficits had postoperative residual deficits, of which three were mild and two severe. One patient, who had a saphenous vein graft to the middle cerebral artery, developed an intracerebral hematoma. In this prospective noncontrolled nonrandomized study, acute cerebral revascularization was performed safely, had limited risks, and offered the potential to help some patients. Further controlled randomized studies are indicated.

Adult↗
PubMed1984

The effects of duodenal glucose and dextrin infusion on adipose tissue metabolism in sheep.

Three groups of 3 sheep were penned individually and provided with pelleted dried grass. In addition two of the groups received either dextrin or glucose via duodenal cannulae. The rate of in vitro lipogenesis, from acetate of glucose, in subcutaneous adipose tissue was significantly increased in the carbohydrate-infused sheep. The increase in lipogenesis in response to glucose infusion was much greater than that to dextrin infusion. The changes in lipogenesis induced by dextrin or glucose infusion were reflected in the specific activities of the various lipogenic enzymes examined. These results are discussed in relation to the capacity of the sheep small intestine to hydrolyse alpha-linked glucose polymer.

Acetates↗
PubMed1984

Surgical reconstruction of the proximal vertebral artery.

The authors have reviewed their experience in the management of 55 patients admitted to Henry Ford Hospital with symptoms of vertebrobasilar insufficiency and associated proximal vertebral artery stenosis or occlusion. In 48 patients, the symptoms occurred as multiple repeated events, five of which resulted in permanent deficits. The remaining seven patients had single events, four of which caused permanent deficit. These patients had been treated unsuccessfully with antiplatelet agents (37 cases) and with anticoagulant drugs (15 cases) before surgery. Most patients had multiple angiographic abnormalities, including bilateral vertebral stenosis in 19 cases, unilateral vertebral stenosis and contralateral occlusion in 18, unilateral vertebral hypoplasia and contralateral stenosis in 10, subclavian artery stenosis with steal in seven, and bilateral vertebral artery occlusion in one case. Posterior communicating arteries could not be demonstrated angiographically in 18 patients. Thirty-four patients had associated stenotic or occlusive lesions of the internal carotid artery. Forty-eight underwent a vertebral-to-carotid artery transposition. Of these, 18 had an associated carotid endarterectomy and seven had a vertebral artery endarterectomy immediately before the transposition. Two patients had saphenous vein grafts, one from the subclavian and one from the common carotid artery to the vertebral artery. Other surgical procedures included vertebral artery ligation in one case, transposition of the vertebral artery to the thyrocervical trunk in two cases and to the subclavian artery in one case, and endarterectomy of the origin of the vertebral artery in one case. All but two patients had complete resolution of their symptoms: one had persistent dizziness and the other had syncopal episodes. Complications included transient Horner's syndrome (30 cases) which became permanent in four cases, vocal cord paralysis (three cases), elevated hemidiaphragm without respiratory difficulty (two cases), and superficial would infection (one case). There were no deaths. Although the presentation of patients with vertebrobasilar insufficiency is generally characteristic, we believe that a specific diagnosis can be established only by angiographic means. Anticoagulants have been used to alleviate symptoms in some cases but are ineffective in solving the primary hemodynamic problem. Surgical reconstruction of the affected area deserves further evaluation in the management of these patients.

Adult↗
PubMed1983

Comparison of standard tube and microagglutination techniques for determining Brucella antibodies.

A microagglutination method for determining the agglutinating and "blocking' antibodies to Brucella abortus is described. A collection of sera from healthy blood donors in two rural areas of New Zealand were tested by the microagglutination methods and the standard methods in tube. The results are compared and show that where discrepancies occur, these are due to the microagglutination methods being more sensitive. It is concluded that these are suitable methods for screening populations.

Agglutination Tests↗
PubMed1983

The effects of dietary intake and of dietary concentration of copper sulphate on the laying domestic fowl: effects on laying performance and tissue mineral contents.

Sixty white hybrid (Shaver 288) laying hens were subjected to three main dietary regimens for 5 d: ad libitum feeding of control and CuSO4-supplemented diets, force-feeding these same diets to the same intake as that of the ad libitum control diet and pair-feeding the control CuSO4-free diet to intakes equivalent to those of supplemented diets. Final body weight of the force-fed birds was significantly greater than of the other groups. Egg number and weight were significantly reduced as food intake decreased. Liver weight per unit body weight was significantly increased and oviduct and ovary weights/kg body weight were significantly reduced by force-feeding. As food intake decreased kidney and gizzard weights per unit body weight were significantly increased. The concentrations and total contents of Cu and Zn in liver were significantly increased in the ad libitum and force-fed groups. Force-feeding CuSO4-supplemented diets, which eliminated difference in food intake, confirmed that CuSO4 per se affected tissue weights and mineral concentrations as distinct from effects due to the reduced food intake associated with increasing dietary CuSO4.

Animals↗
PubMed1983

The effects of dietary intake and of dietary concentration of copper sulphate on the laying domestic fowl: effects on some aspects of lipid, carbohydrate and amino acid metabolism.

These investigations were carried out to determine whether the effects of feeding CuSO4-supplemented diets on metabolism in the laying hen were due directly to the dietary CuSO4 content or indirectly to the effects of CuSO4 on food consumption. In experiment 1, 144 hens were given CuSO4-supplemented diets ad libitum for 48 d. Food consumption decreased as the dietary CuSO4 content increased and this was associated with decreases in blood plasma lipid, 17 beta-oestradiol and liver lipid concentrations and hepatic lipogenic enzyme activities. In experiment 2, 60 laying hens were subjected to three dietary regimens in an attempt to differentiate between the effects of reduced food consumption and dietary CuSO4 per se. Control and CuSO4-supplemented diets were fed ad libitum, or the CuSO4-containing diets were force-fed to the same intake as the ad libitum control diet, or the control diet was pair-fed to the same intakes as the CuSO4-supplemented diets. Liver lipid concentrations were significantly decreased in the ad libitum and pair-fed groups at the lowest intake. Plasma 17 beta-oestradiol concentration was decreased in ad libitum and force-fed birds given diets with 1,000 mg added Cu/kg. Lipogenic enzyme activities were reduced in the ad libitum and pair-fed groups and increased in the force-fed birds. The results indicate that CuSO4 per se directly affected circulating 17 beta-oestradiol, and hence reproductive physiology, and that the quantity of food consumed influenced the rate of hepatic lipogenesis.

Amino Acids↗
PubMed1983

Combined reconstruction of the vertebral and carotid artery in one single procedure.

Patients suffering from vertebrobasilar insufficiency frequently have multiple areas of involvement in the extracranial circulation. Eight patients admitted to Henry Ford Hospital had symptoms suggestive of vertebrobasilar insufficiency and angiograms showing multiple abnormalities. A combined operation that reconstructed the carotid and vertebral circulations in one single procedure was completed in all patients with minimal morbidity and no mortality. The surgical procedure is described in detail.

Aged↗
PubMed1983

Heart size and function after radiation therapy to the mediastinum in patients with Hodgkin's disease.

Changes in the transverse heart diameter and cardiothoracic ratio were determined by comparing the pretreatment and last follow-up posteroanterior chest x-rays of 96 patients with stage I-III Hodgkin's disease who had received radiation therapy (RT) to the mediastinum, with the same parameters observed in 20 similar patients whose mediastinum was not irradiated. A significantly higher proportion of patients who had received RT to the mediastinum had a decrease in transverse heart diameter and cardiothoracic ratio. Among patients presenting with a large mediastinal mass, these changes were more pronounced as compared to the other groups; however, this difference was not of statistical significance. First-pass left ventricular ejection fraction (LVEF) performed with 99mTc pertechnetate (obtained in 55 of these patients 30-120 months after RT to the mediastinum) was compared with the LVEF of 20 normal controls. The control group had a significantly higher LVEF than the group of patients who had received RT to the mediastinum. No correlation was observed between changes in these parameters and the use of adjuvant, salvage, or no chemotherapy after mediastinal RT. None of these patients presented congestive heart failure or constrictive pericarditis, but our findings indicate a subclinical cardiomyopathy in more than one-half of the patients who received RT to the mediastinum, suggesting that the incidence of heart damage after mediastinal RT might be higher than expected. Prospective studies are necessary to elucidate the incidence and implications of this potentially serious complication.

Follow-Up Studies↗
PubMed1982

Differentiation of identifiable lobster neuromuscular synapses during development.

The ultrastructure of physiologically identified low and high release synapses arising from a single axon on fibres of the distal accessory flexor muscle (DAFM) in a mature lobster was examined by serial section electron microscopy. Low release neuromuscular terminals located only on the proximal fibre were characterized by large synapses (mean area 2.084 micron2), small presynaptic dense bars (mean are 0.021 micron2) and hence a low (2.3%) ratio of dense bar area to synaptic area. In contrast high output terminals located only on the distal fibre had smaller synapses (mean area 0.625 micron2), large dense bars (mean area 0.066 micron2) and a high (23.9%) ratio of bar area to synaptic area. A similar ratio was consistently found for each synaptic type in several other examples of mature lobsters. Hence it was used as a criterion for determining the point at which differentiation occurs during development. In the first larval stage (24 h old) the innervation was localized and undifferentiated. In the fourth (2 week old) and twelfth (1 y old) stage lobsters, the innervation had proliferated to small bundles of proximal and distal fibres. During development synapses increase in their mean surface area in the proximal fibre while remaining constant in the distal fibre. The mean surface area of the dense bars is similar in all stages except for the proximal fibres of the twelfth stage where it is smaller by 50%. Similarly the ratio fo dense bar area to synaptic area is not significantly different for all stages except for the twelfth stage proximal fibres where it is half the value. Consequently differentiation of low and high release neuromuscular terminals occurs by the twelfth stage with an increase in the mean surface area of synapses and a decrease in the mean surface area of dense bars. This morphological differentiation is enhanced in the mature lobster.

Animals↗
PubMed1982

A comparison of the effects of feeding concentrate diets, based on either maize or barley, or dried grass on adipose tissue lipogenesis in sheep.

1. Three groups of 4 sheep were penned individually and provided with diets composed of either dried grass, 80% ground maize/20% soyabean meal or 80% ground barley/20% soyabean meal. 2. The diets were fed ad libitum for 3 weeks before s.c. adipose tissue biopsy samples were taken from the rump region. 3. Although the rate of lipogenesis was significantly increased by concentrate feeding the order of utilization of the various substrates was always acetate greater than glucose greater than lactate. Throughout this work lactate was always of minor significance as a lipogenic substrate. 4. The diet-induced differences in lipogenesis were reflected in significant increases in the specific activities of the fatty acid synthetase system, glucose-6-phosphate dehydrogenase and phosphogluconate dehydrogenase in concentrate fed animals. 5. No differences were observed in in vitro lipogenesis from any of the substrates or enzyme specific activity between the 80% barley diet and the 80% maize diet. 6. These results are discussed in relation to the effect of concentrate and roughage feeding on the entry of alpha-linked glucose polymer into the small intestine of sheep.

Adipose Tissue↗
PubMed1982

The effects of duodenal glucose infusion on some hepatic enzyme activities in sheep.

1. Two experiments were performed to examine the effects of duodenal glucose infusion on hepatic enzyme activities in sheep. 2. Glucose infusion significantly increased the specific activities of phosphofructokinase, pyruvate kinase and 6-phosphogluconate dehydrogenase and significantly reduced the specific activity of glucose-6-phosphatase suggesting that the pathways of glucose breakdown are increased, and gluconeogenesis decreased, in glucose-infused animals. 3. The results are discussed in relation to the effects of diet on liver metabolism in sheep.

Animals↗
PubMed1982

Childhood schizophrenia: present but not accounted for.

The subjects of this study were 19 children and 11 adolescents who had been psychotic since childhood and who satisfied DSM-III criteria for schizophrenia except for the stipulation that a "deterioration from a previous level of functioning" must have occurred. Seven subjects had had documented signs of psychosis before the age of 30 months. The presence of thought disorder precluded giving these 7 subjects the diagnosis of early infantile autism. The authors argue that only symptoms and signs, not age at onset, can define a disorder. They also emphasize that in children and adolescents, developmental issues influence the clinical presentation.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1981

The group of hypotonic schizophrenics.

The physical and psychological characteristics of hypotonic schizophrenic children are described. It is hypothesized that hypotonic schizophrenia constitutes a homogeneous subgroup within the schizophrenic spectrum. The criteria for diagnosing hypotonic schizophrenia are stated. By selecting a homogeneous subgroup of schizophrenic patients, investigators may improve the probability of identifying a common biochemical etiology within this subgroup.

Autistic Disorder↗