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Biomedical subjects

J Pechán

Publications and source records attributed to J Pechán.

At least 19 recordsLinked to original sources
PubMed1998

Effects of the angiotensin-converting enzyme (ACE) inhibitor perindopril on endothelial and platelet functions in essential hypertension.

Endothelial damage and platelet hyperactivity may play a role in the vascular complications of essential hypertension. Restoration of endothelial function and reduction of increased platelet aggregation in essential hypertension are one of the aims of modern anti-hypertensive therapy. Therefore, the effect of angiotensin converting enzyme (ACE) inhibitors on endothelial and platelet functions is of interest. In the present study, 23 healthy normotensives and 23 age- and sex-matched patients with non-treated essential hypertension (1st and 2nd stage according to WHO) were investigated. Measurements of endothelial and platelet functions in hypertensives were carried out before therapy, after 1 week of placebo administration, after 1 week and after 1 month of perindopril therapy in a once daily dose of 4 mg. Plasma thrombomodulin (ELISA method) and beta-thromboglobulin (radio immunoassay method) were assayed and platelet aggregation (spontaneous and induced by adrenaline) was measured. The values of plasma thrombomodulin, a novel marker of endothelial function, were compared between age- and sex-matched normotensives and hypertensives. A significant decrease of adrenaline-induced platelet aggregation was observed after 1 month of perindopril therapy in comparison with the values before therapy or after 1 week of perindopril therapy ( P < 0.02 and P < 0.05 respectively). There were no significant changes in plasma thrombomodulin or beta-thromboglobulin following therapy. We failed to find significant changes of plasma thrombomodulin in patients in the early stages of hypertension, but its tendency to be higher than in normotensives does not rule out some vascular damage. The inhibitory effect of perindopril on platelet aggregation may be a further advantage of this drug. Since no changes were found after 1 week of therapy, the reduction of adrenaline-induced platelet aggregation after 1 month of therapy may be explained by an indirect effect of perindopril on platelet function, probably asa result of protective action on the arterial wall.

Journal Article↗
PubMed1996

[Effect of infusion of hyperosmolar mannitol on left ventricular function in essential hypertension].

The left ventricular function of the heart was examined by means of the method of equilibrium-radionuclide ventriculography in 40 patients with essential hypertension (EH)--20 patients in stage I (H1), 20 patients in stage II (H2) according to WHO criteria--and in 18 normotensives (N). The examination was performed at rest and immediately after stress by intravenous infusion of hyperosmolar mannitol. At rest, the parameters of global systolic and diastolic functions of the left ventricle in normotensives do not differ significantly from the values in both groups of hypertensives. The global ejection fraction (GEF), peak ejection rate (PER) and peak filling rate (PFR) were in H2 significantly lower than in H1. Sectorial ejection fraction (SEF) in the apicoseptal area is in H2 significantly lower than H1 and N. After infusion of hyperosmolar mannitol the GEF and PFR increased in N and H1 only. When comparing all groups after infusion of mannitol the PFR in H2 is significantly lower also in comparison with N with the tendency (significant limit) to lower values of GEF and PER. PER and PFR were significantly lower and the end-diastolic volume (EDV) was significantly higher in H2 in comparison with H1. SEF was significantly lower in H2 in comparison with N in 3 out ot 9 sectors and in comparison with H1 in 8 out of 9 sectors. The infusion of hyperosmolar mannitol reveals subclinical disturbances of the diastolic and partially also of the systolic function of the left ventricle in stage II of EH which is very useful for diagnosis and treatment. (Tab. 4, Fig. 3, Ref. 22.).

Adult↗
PubMed1995

Effect of long-term celiprolol therapy on haemostasis in essential hypertension.

Undesirable changes of haemostasis induced by some anti-hypertensive drugs can encourage the acceleration of atherogenesis. Therefore, the changes of haemostasis parameters in 22 patients with essential hypertension under long-term celiprolol therapy (> 2 months) were of interest. In the placebo group of 15 essentially hypertensive patients there were no significant changes in platelet activity. On the other hand, the therapeutic dose of celiprolol was shown to reduce total platelet aggregation, without any harmful effects on fibrinolytic activity and coagulation inhibitors such as protein C and antithrombin III. The metabolic neutrality of celiprolol accompanied by the proven platelet-inhibitory tendency is desirable in the new approach to hypertension treatment. Potentially anti-thrombotic or at least neutral prothrombotic properties of celiprolol may be important in terms of the favourable role of anti-hypertensive drugs in cardiovascular morbidity.

Adult↗
PubMed1993

The effect of short-term celiprolol therapy on platelet function in essential hypertension.

The reduction of increased platelet aggregation in essential hypertension is one of the aims of modern antihypertensive therapy. Twenty-one hospitalized patients with non-treated essential hypertension were examined. The platelet function measurements were made before the therapy and after 1 week of celiprolol administration (300 mg/day). Fifteen essentially hypertensive patients were investigated before and after 1 week of placebo administration. Plasma beta-thromboglobulin was assayed, and the whole blood platelet aggregation (initial and total-induced by adrenaline and ADP) was measured. A significant decrease in adrenaline-induced (from 19 to 13%, p < 0.02) and ADP-induced aggregation (from 15 to 13%, p < 0.05) was observed after celiprolol administration. This reduction of adrenaline-induced platelet aggregation may be explained by the stimulation effect of celiprolol on platelet beta 2-receptors. Thus, some inhibitory effect of celiprolol on platelet aggregation is one of the further advantages of this drug in the therapy of essential hypertension.

Adult↗
PubMed1993

[Celiprolol increases the microcirculation in subcutaneous tissue and calf muscles in essential hypertension].

The microcirculation of the subcutaneous tissue and muscles of the extremities is changed already in the early stage of essential hypertension. Insight into the effect of celiprolol, a beta blocker of the third generation, on tissue microcirculation is of both pathogenetic and therapeutic value. On using the method of Na131I tissue clearance, the effect of celiprolol on the microcirculation of subcutaneous tissue and muscles of the extremities was studied in 21 patients with essential hypertension. Celiprolol was administered orally in the daily dose of 300 mg. After one-week administration celiprolol significantly reduced mean arterial pressure and significantly increased the microcirculation in the subcutaneous tissue of the hand and crus as well as in the calf muscle. Celiprolol was thus found to increase the microcirculation in those tissues of the extremities in which its decrease was recorded before onset of the treatment. The obtained results may be of therapeutic value particularly in patients suffering from ischemia of the lower extremities. (Fig. 2, Ref. 19.).

Adult↗
PubMed1992

Changes in levels of thyroid hormones and TSH in acute myocardial infarction.

The changes in levels of total serum thyroxine (T4), total serum triiodothyronine (T3), effective thyroxine ratio (ETR), and serum TSH were investigated in 88 patients with acute myocardial infarction (AMI). The T4 and T3 values decreased significantly on the third day of hospitalization to return to starting values on the 7th day. ETR values were significantly reduced on the 3rd day and remained so also on the 7th day. Compared to starting values, serum TSH levels were increased on the 7th day of hospitalization, yet not significantly. In the group of 16 patients who died within 96 hours, ETR values were significantly increased on the 1st day of hospitalization (immediately after admission) in comparison with the group of AMI surviving patients. The highest frequency rate of abnormally low T3 values was found in patients who died within 96 hours. With respect to thyroid function evaluation, ETR proved to be the most satisfactory parameter with the lowest percentage of abnormal values.

Adult↗
PubMed1992

Circadian rhythm of plasma beta-thromboglobulin in healthy human subjects.

The circadian variation in platelet function may play a role in the morning increase of coronary thrombotic complications. The circadian variation of plasma beta-thromboglobulin levels--as an indicator of in vivo platelet activation--was investigated in seven healthy volunteers using a commercial radioimmunoassay kit. There was a statistically significant rhythm culminating with an amplitude of 30 micrograms/l (95% tolerance interval/15-45 micrograms/l) at 10.00 hours (95% tolerance interval/07.00-13.00 hours). The morning increase of plasma beta-thromboglobulin indicates an increased in vivo platelet activation at this time of day. This finding could correlate with the morning peak in the onset of myocardial infarction. It might also help in timing therapy of diseases which are associated with platelet hyperactivation.

Adult↗
PubMed1991

Diltiazem inhibits the spontaneous platelet aggregation in essential hypertension.

Plasma beta-thromboglobulin, initial (spontaneous) and total platelet aggregation, induced by adrenaline or ADP, were determined in 15 patients with essential hypertension before and after 1 week of diltiazem therapy. Diltiazem significantly decreased the spontaneous platelet aggregation in a therapeutic dose of 3 x 60 mg/day. This antiaggregatory effect is the further advantage of the antihypertensive therapy with diltiazem that may be of importance for the inhibition of atherosclerotic and thrombotic complications in essential hypertension.

Adult↗
PubMed1990

The effect of prazosin therapy on platelet activation in essential hypertension.

1. Plasma levels of beta-thromboglobulin, initial and total platelet aggregation (induced by adrenaline or adenosine diphosphate [ADP]) were determined in 26 normotensive subjects and 26 patients with untreated essential hypertension. Groups of 18 essential hypertensive patients and 18 age- and sex-matched normotensives were compared. 2. After 7 days of treatment with prazosin in a dose of 2-8 mg daily the above measures were repeated in 18 essential hypertensive patients. A significant increase in plasma levels of beta-thromboglobulin, initial and total adrenaline-induced as well as ADP-induced platelet aggregation was found in hypertensives. Prazosin restored the mean arterial blood pressure in hypertensives to normal, but it had no significant influence either on increased beta-thromboglobulin levels or on initial and total aggregability. 3. The results confirm increased platelet aggregation and in vivo platelet activation in patients with essential hypertension; however there is a discrepancy with previous reports about those results obtained after prazosin therapy. The results suggest that increased platelet aggregation and in vivo activation need not be restored to normal after effective antihypertensive therapy alone. They give reason for the combination of antihypertensive together with anti-aggregatory therapy in essential hypertension.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1990

Beta-thromboglobulin and platelet aggregation in essential hypertension and the influence of prazosin therapy.

Plasma levels of beta-thromboglobulin, initial and total platelet aggregation (induced by adrenaline or ADP) were determined in twenty-eight normotensive subjects and thirty patients with untreated essential hypertension. After 7 days of treatment with prazosin in a dose of 2-8 mg daily the above measurements were repeated in eighteen essential hypertensive patients. A significant increase in plasma levels of beta-thromboglobulin, initial and total adrenaline- and ADP-induced platelet aggregation was found in hypertensives. Prazosin restored the mean arterial blood pressure in hypertensives to normal, but it had no significant influence either on increased beta-thromboglobulin levels or on platelet aggregation. The results show that increased in vivo activation as well as increased platelet aggregation need not be restored to normal after effective decrease of blood pressure. The results suggest that a combination of drugs with an antihypertensive and antiplatelet (antiaggregating) effect (or use of a drug with both an antihypertensive and antiaggregating effect) can further decrease the development of severe complications of essential hypertension.

Adult↗
PubMed1990

[Microcirculation in the subcutaneous layer and in muscles in diabetes mellitus].

The work is focused on the possibility of early diagnosis of diabetic microangiopathy. The authors used examination of microcirculation by the method of tissue clearance of Na 131I. In a group of 106 patients with diabetes thus the microcirculation of the lower extremities in the subcutaneous layer and the calf muscle was examined. A group of 36 healthy subjects served as control. An altered microcirculation was found in 75% type 1 diabetics and in all type 2 diabetics. In those with an altered microcirculation only in 23% type 1 diabetics and in 17% type 2 diabetics organ manifestations of diabetic microangiopathy (i.e. retinopathy and nephropathy) were lacking. It seems thus that altered Na 131I absorption in the lower extremities is an earlier sign of microangiopathic affection than identifiable organ changes. Examination of tissue clearance of Na 131I thus could reveal in time individuals threatened by this complication of diabetes.

Adult↗
PubMed1989

Changes in the capillary flow of gingiva due to the influence of some impulses.

75 healthy men and women, aged from 20 to 45 years, were divided into five groups of 15 persons each. Na131I resorption halftime values from the examined area of the gingiva, pulse frequency as well as systolic and diastolic blood pressure were examined. Tests were carried out twice. One group served as a control group. During the second test emotional, light, sound or tactile impulses were applied to the other groups. The control group that was not exposed to any of the impulses investigated during the second examination showed no significant differences in values with any of the observed indices. Under the influence of emotional, sound or light impulses, a significant increase in pulse frequency as well as in systolic and diastolic blood pressure was noted. This suggested that both the one-minute volume and the peripheral resistance of the circulation system increased. Na131I resorption half-time values from the examined area of the gingiva significantly increased under the influence of emotional and sound impulse by 64%, of light impulse by 84% and of tactile impulse by 93%. This meant that the blood flow through the capillary gingival bed had significantly reduced due to the influence of these impulses. It is to assume that their long-term influence could contribute to the development of parodontopathies.

Acoustic Stimulation↗
PubMed1989

Haemodynamic effect of prazosin during hyperosmolar mannitol load in essential hypertension.

The haemodynamic effect of one-week prazosin therapy was investigated in 21 patients with essential hypertension (9 of WHO stage I, 12 of stage II). There was a significant decrease of mean arterial blood pressure (MABP) and total peripheral resistance (TPR) at rest after prazosin therapy in both stage I and II hypertensives. Under the condition of hyperosmolar load (after mannitol infusion), prazosin has no significant influence on the haemodynamics in stage I hypertensives. Contrastingly, in stage II essential hypertension, prazosin increased cardiac index, stroke volume index and decreased MABP and TPR in comparison with the values before therapy and after placebo. Microcirculation in the forearm and thigh muscles was not influenced. The results indicate that prazosin improves subclinical impairment of cardiac function, which is present in stage II and is so an advantageous antihypertensive drug preferable for stages II and higher of the disease.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1988

Acute haemodynamic effect of metoprolol in essential hypertension.

The acute haemodynamic effect of metoprolol was investigated in 14 patients with essential hypertension (7 of the WHO stage I, 7 of stage II). The evaluated parameters include the mean arterial blood pressure (MBP), heart rate (HR), cardiac index (CI), total peripheral resistance (TPR) and capillary blood flow of the forearm muscle (CBF). Investigation was carried out within two days: the 1st day at rest and after an infusion of 20% mannitol, the 2nd day with additional previous intravenous administration of 5 mg of metoprolol. The findings were as follows: 1. There was a decrease of MBP, a slowdown of HR and a decrease of CBF after metoprolol both in hypertensives I and II. 2. The different haemodynamic response of the Ist and IInd stages of essential hypertension was manifested by a significant decrease of CI and an increase of TPR in hypertensives II (but not I) not only after the infusion of mannitol alone, but also after i.v. administration of metoprolol. The exaggerated haemodynamic response to acute metoprolol administration in essential hypertension II could be caused by latently impaired cardiac performance in this stage.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1985

Evaluation of clinical signs and symptoms in active deep venous thrombosis of the calf.

The diagnostic value of 16 signs and symptoms of active deep venous thrombosis of the calf (ADVTC) is analysed. Thirty-nine patients suspected of ADVTC were examined clinically using 16 symptoms and signs, the 125I-fibrinogen uptake test and X-ray phlebography. Active thrombosis was confirmed in 19 patients, in 20 patients the diagnosis of post-thrombotic syndrome was established. The pattern recognition procedure, carried out with the aid of 16 symptoms and signs only by a computer, was able to differentiate both conditions with 95% sensitivity and 90% specificity. The data do not comprise unexamined asymptomatic ADVTC, which type of ADVTC it is impossible to detect. The most important signs for recognition of ADVTC appeared to be (in the order of importance): painful calf pressure, a positive Meyer sign, asymmetrical oedema and a painful Lowenberg test between 80 and 139 mmHg, i.e. a painful calf and asymmetrical oedema.

Fibrinogen↗