Biomedical subjects

J Petrovicová

Publications and source records attributed to J Petrovicová.

At least 19 recordsLinked to original sources

PubMed2006

Sleep apnoea inducing hypoxemia is associated with early signs of carotid atherosclerosis in males.

The intima-media thickness (IMT) of carotid arteries as a marker of preclinical atherosclerosis was measured by ultrasonography in 49 subjects to determine, how strongly the obstructive sleep apnoea (OSA) syndrome is associated with atherosclerosis. Maximal IMT was higher in patients with cardiovascular diseases and with or without risk factors of atherosclerosis, presenting also OSA (apnoea-hypopnoea index=26.1+/-15.6/h) compared to controls without OSA (0.91+/-0.21 mm versus 0.77+/-0.18 mm, p<0.05). The prevalence of IMT > or = 0.85 mm was also higher in patients with cardiovascular pathology presenting OSA than without it (p<0.05). IMT(max) was increased in subjects with mild to moderate OSA alone (AHI=20.4+/-8.7/h) versus healthy controls (0.83+/-0.14 mm versus 0.63+/-0.08 mm, p<0.01). Regression analysis revealed a correlation of IMT(max) with the frequency, intensity and duration of intermittent hypoxemia reflected by AHI (p<0.01), minimal oxygen saturation (p<0.01) and time spent with Sa(O2) < 90% (p<0.05) in patients presenting OSA. The results indicate clear association between early signs of carotid atherosclerosis and moderate OSA in males with and without concomitant cardiovascular pathology.

Adult↗

PubMed2006

[Autoimmune thyropathies in diabetics].

Autoimmune thyropathies are frequent in patients with type 1 diabetes mellitus. Some recently published papers confirm similarly high prevalence of autoimmune thyropathies also in patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus. Chronic autoimmune thyroiditis is the most frequent form of autoimmune thyropathies. Authors examined 79 accidentally selected diabetics (38 women and 41 men, x = 55.4 +/- 2.8). Diabetic patients were divided into three groups. 20 patients with type 1 diabetes mellitus - classical form were the first group, 12 patients with LADA were the second group and 47 patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus constituted the third group. Authors diagnosed chronic autoimmune thyroiditis in 8 (40 %) patients in the group of patients with type 1 diabetes mellitus, in 6 (50%) in the group of patients with LADA and in 20 (43%) of patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus. They didn't find out statistically more frequent prevalence of chronic autoimmune thyroiditis in all groups of patients with diabetes (patients with type 1 diabetes mellitus, patients with LADA, patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus) in comparison with control group of non-diabetic subjects. They found out statistically significant more frequent prevalence of chronic autoimmune thyroiditis in diabetics of woman gender and in diabetics with positive family history of thyropathies. Results of paper confirm recommendation of examining once or twice a year autoantibodies against thyroid gland and level of thyrotropin (TSH) with the aim of early finding of laboratory manifestation of thyroidal autoimmunity or developing functional disorder.

Chronic Disease↗

PubMed2003

[The thyroid gland in women during the reproductive age].

OBJECTIVE: To find out thyroid volume and its functional status in women in reproductive age as well as possible correlation between thyroid size and functional status and age and residential location of women. DESIGN: Project can be characterized as an epidemiological study and consists of three separate observations. SETTING: 1st Internal Clinic, UPJS, Kosice, Medical Faculty, Slovakia. METHODS: 347 women from different regions of Eastern Slovakia (160 aged 20-29 and 187 aged 30-40) were measured thyroid volume via ultrasonography and thyroid functional status by RIA TSH and anti TPO examinations. Urinary iodine was examined in 70 cases. In this part of the study correlation between thyroid size and functional status and age and residential location of women were determined. Four days after delivery thyroid volume in 99 women was measured. The volume was correlated with the number of previous pregnancies. Thyroid volume was correlated with residential location and number of pregnancies of 77 women that had not delivered in the previous year. RESULTS: Women aged 20-29 years had thyroid volume smaller than women aged 30-40 (8.78 ml/10.66 ml; p < 0.01). The size of thyroid gland was not only affected by age but also by residential location. The largest thyroid glands and increased level of anti TPO antibodies in both age groups were found in women from agricultural regions and regions close to chemical factory. The women with anti TPO antibodies had increased level of TSH as well as more frequently changed echogenity of thyroid gland. Median of urinary iodine was 13.2 micrograms/dl in both age groups and indicated sufficient iodine intake in the observed area. The volume of thyroid gland four days after delivery did not exceed 22 ml in 89.9% of cases. Significant difference in size of thyroid gland depending on number of previous deliveries was not only observed in women 4 days after delivery but also in those that had not delivered during previous year. The largest volumes were measured in secundiparous mothers. CONCLUSION: Polluted environment affects the size and functional status of thyroid gland. Environment can via this negative impact on thyroid gland influence fertility, pregnancy and fetus development in women in reproductive age.

Adult↗

PubMed2002

[Hyperinsulinemia and disorders of the menstrual cycle].

Hyperinsulinaemia and insulin resistance are usually associated phenomena of obesity and the polycystic ovary syndrome (PCO syndrome). On the other hand the PCO syndrome and obesity are often associated with disorders of the menstrual cycle and/or sterility. The authors examined 35 women aged 21 to 38 years (x = 27 +/- 4.4) with a history of anovulation cycles and/or sterility. 24 of them (68.6%) suffered from PCO syndrome. Their mean BMI was 28.95 kg/m2. 11 patients had a normal body weight, 6 were overweight and 18 were obese. The authors used the oral glucose tolerance test (oGTT) and during minute 0 and 120 blood samples were collected for assessment of the blood sugar and plasma insulin. Insulin levels in minute 0 (Io above 20 and in minute 120 (I120) above 65 uIU/ml were classified as hyperinsulinaemia. In the follicular stage of the anovulation cycle the authors assessed FSH, LH, testosterone, progesterone and prolactin. Hyperinsulinaemia ws recorded in 16 of 35 women. The mean insulin level at minute 0 was 11.9 +/- 1.3 and during minute 120 54.2 +/- 8.1 uIU/ml. The authors found significant differences in levels of I0 (6.4 +/- 1.2 vs. 16.1 +/- 1.9 uIU/ml, p < 0.01) and I120 (17.5 +/- 3 vs. 71.3 +/- 10.3 uIU/ml, p < 0.01) between obese and non-obese patients, Also in patients with the PCO there was a statistically significant difference in insulin levels of slim (BMI less than 25) as compared with obese women (BMI more than 30) (p < 0.01). A positive correlation was found between insulin levels and BMI (p < 0.01) and a liminal correlation between insulin and testosterone (p = 0.05). Patients with hyperinsulinaemia were treated with oral antidiabetics from the group of biguanides--metformin for a period of three months. During metformin treatment the insulin level declined and subsequently the menstrual cycle became normal in 11 of 16 patients with hyperinsulinaeia (68.7%), incl. two women who became pregnant. The results indicate a possible new indication of metformin in the treatment of ovarian hyperandrogenism in insulin resistant patients.

Adult↗

PubMed2001

A modified dialyzer with vitamin E and antioxidant defense parameters.

BACKGROUND: Oxidative stress, increased lipid peroxidation, and decreased activity of antioxidant systems may contribute to the accelerated development of atherosclerosis in patients receiving hemodialysis therapy for chronic renal failure. We investigated the influence of vitamin E on antioxidant defense parameters in hemodialysis patients who were using a modified dialyzer. METHODS: In eight hemodialyzed patients, erythrocyte antioxidant enzymes, superoxide dismutase (SOD) and glutathione peroxidase (GPX), plasma total antioxidant capacity (TAC), the concentration of plasma malondialdehyde (MDA), and vitamins A, E, and C were investigated. Each parameter was measured before and after hemodialysis. The study was divided into three periods. Each period lasted three weeks, and during this time, 10 hemodialyses were performed. The first and second periods were carried out using the conventional dialyzer, Terumo CL-S15, but during the second period, patients received vitamin E 400 mg perorally after each hemodialysis. The third period was carried out using a modified dialyzer with vitamin E, Terumo CL-E15. All hemodialyzed patients were treated by erythropoietin and received vitamin C 50 mg/day and pyridoxine 20 mg/day during the entire study. RESULTS: The peroral administration of vitamin E led to a significant increase of serum vitamin E (22%), and no influence on other antioxidant defense parameters was found. The modified dialyzer with vitamin E led to a significant increase of serum vitamin E (33%) and TAC and to the significant decrease of plasma MDA. CONCLUSION: The results of our study suggest that the modified dialyzer with vitamin E provided more effective antioxidant defense than peroral administration of vitamin E in our hemodialysis patients.

Administration, Oral↗

PubMed2001

[Effect of nitrates on active transport of iodine].

Active iodine transport into the thyrocyte is catalyzed by the transmembrane transport protein Na+/J- symport (NIS) Nitrates can expel iodine from the bond with this transport protein which was found not only in the thyrocyte membrane but also in the cell membrane of the gastric mucosa. The weight of the thyroid gland in mg was significantly greater even when calculated in relation to body weight in the NIT group of rats who were given for 6 days nitrate by gastric tube (100 mg/kg/day) as compared with controls (CON) 17.56 +/- 8.4, 0.07 +/- 0.03/12.10 +/- 9.57, 0.05 +/- 0.03, P < or = 0.01. A lower thyroid activity in per cent calculated per 1 mg of its weight (1.39 +/- 1.0/2.22 +/- 0.9, P < or = 0.01), a higher activity in blood before removal of the thyroid gland (8.54 +/- 4.09/5.45 +/- 2.78) and a lower one after removal of the thyroid gland (1.09 +/- 0.05/0.21 +/- 0.10) before oral administration of I131 in group NIT, suggests a negative effect of nitrates on active iodine transport not only at the level of the thyrocyte but also possible interaction with iodine at the level of the digestive tract. A significantly higher serum level of TT3 in group NIT (0.66 +/- 0.27/0.44 +/- 0.21, P < or = 0.01 regardless of the TSH serum level (2.31 +/- 1.83/2.64 +/- 1.52) and T4 (22.72 +/- 8.2/25 +/- 11.0) suggests a qualitative change in thyroid hormone production in favour of T3 caused even by short-term nitrate administration.

Animals↗

PubMed2001

[Oral administration of iron with vitamin C in haemodialyzed patients].

One tablet of Sorbifer Durules contains 100 mg Fe2+ and 60 mg vitamin C. The authors examined in a short-term study 24 haemodialyzed patients with chronic renal failure of different etiology. The investigation was divided into three parts. During the first 4 weeks the patients did not receive Fe2+ nor vitamin C. During the subsequent four weeks the patients had Sorbifer Durules, one tablet/24 hours. This period was followed by another four weeks when the patients went again without Fe2+ and vitamin C treatment. At regular intervals, i.e. on days 0, 28, 56 and 84 the authors assessed the packed cell volume, blood haemoglobin and serum iron level, the total iron binding capacity, transferrin saturation, ferritin, and vitamin C in serum as well as the plasma oxalic acid level. Four weeks treatment using Sorbifer Durules led to a significant rise of the packed cell volume and haemoglobin in blood, iron and vitamin C in serum. This treatment did not affect the oxalic acid plasma level. Oral treatment with Sorbifer Durules, one tablet/24 hours, was adequate for maintaining the serum iron concentration in haemodialyzed patients during treatment with recombinant human erythropoietin. This treatment prevented at the same time the development of vitamin C deficiency in serum and a further rise of plasma oxalic acid in these patients.

Administration, Oral↗

PubMed2000

[Nitrate contaminated drinking water from private wells has an impact on the size and functional state of the thyroid gland in schoolchildren].

UNLABELLED: The authors compared the size of the thyroid gland, assessed by ultrasonographic examination of its volume and the functional state of the thyroid by examination of the serum level of TSH and anti-TPO antibodies in 492 pupils aged 10 and 13 years in two close agricultural areas. The areas differed above all as to the nitrate content of drinking water. In communities where the source of drinking water were private wells (nitrate area), as much as 68.1% of the water samples had a nitrate content > 50 mg/l and 46.4% samples > 100 mg/l. In communities where the source of drinking water was a water main with a known source (control area) the water samples did not exceed 50 mg/l (73.7% > 15 mg/l and 26.3% > 50 mg/l. RESULTS: Pupils from the nitrate area had a larger thyroid gland similarly as older pupils from the control area. A volume above 7 ml/m2 in the nitrate area was recorded in the group of 10-year olds in 25/99 (27.7%) and in the group of 13-year-old ones in 33/154 (21.4%), while in the control area it was in the 10-year-old ones 11/92 (11.9%) and in the 13-year-old ones 16/156 (10.2%, P < or = 0.01). In the nitrate area TSH > 5 mIU/l was recorded in 5.6% and higher anti-TPO antibodies in 2.6% pupils. In the control area the corresponding figure was 1.1% pupils, P < or = 0.01.

Adolescent↗

PubMed1999

A study of the renal sodium excretion during the normal menstrual cycle using method of passive leg rising.

12 healthy women (age 18-38 years) were examined using the 2-hour's method of passive leg rising (PLR) in follicular (FP) and luteal (LP) phases of normal ovulatory cycle. Renal and hormonal response to PLR was investigated. There was a significant increase of diuresis (from 53 +/- 9 ml/h to 298 +/- 27 ml/h in FP, from 69 +/- 12 to 324 +/- 28 ml/h in LP) and natriuresis (from 4.5 +/- 0.9 to 9.8 +/- 1 mmol/h in FP, from 5.7 +/- 0.3 to 12.1 +/- 1.1 mmol/h in LP), simultaneously with a decrease of plasma renin activity (PRA) and plasma aldosterone (PA) in both FP and LP. Baseline PRA was mildly and PA was significantly higher in LP compared to FP. Urinary osmolarity, heart rate and systolic blood pressure dropped significantly. Renal and hormonal response to PLR were identical in the two phases of the menstrual cycle. Authors conclude that 1/PLR causes significant diuresis and natriuresis due to central volume expansion and may be used as a simple stimulating test of renal sodium excretion, 2/renal sodium retention does not occur in the LP of normal ovulatory cycle.

Adult↗

PubMed1999

[The renin-angiotensin-aldosterone system and serum lipoproteins in patients with essential hypertension].

The authors investigated the relationship between the activity of the renin-angiotensin-aldosterone system and serum lipid levels in patients with essential hypertension (EH). They examined 72 patients with EH stage I and II WHO classification (group A, n = 72, age bracket 16-70 years). They investigated the plasma renin activity (PRA), plasma aldosterone (PA) and total cholesterol (TCH), HDL, LDL cholesterol and triglycerides (TG). They divided the group into three sub-groups according to the PRA into low (L), normal (N) and high renin groups (H) In the whole group they did not find significant differences in the lipid levels in relation to PRA. They selected from the group patients older than 40 years (group B) and in those they recorded significantly higher TCH levels in group H as compared with normal (N) (p < 0.05) and L (p < 0.05) and significantly higher LDL levels in group H as compared with L (p < 0.01). They found a significant direct relationship between PRA and TCH (p < 0.05) and between PRA and LDL (p < 0.01), a liminal relationship between PA and TCH (p = 0.05). They did not find a significant relationship between the RAAS activity and HDL or TG. The authors conclude that patients with EH above 40 years and high PRA a markedly greater hyperlipoproteinaemia as compared with the low- or normal-renin group. This may partly explain the higher incidence of cardiovascular complications in high-renin EH reported by some authors.

Adolescent↗

PubMed1997

[Mutagenic effects of coal tar used in the treatment of psoriasis].

BACKGROUND: Pharmaceutic tar used in the treatment of psoriasis has a high contents of polycyclic aromatic carbohydrates which are considered to be carcinogenic. AIM: The study is aimed at the estimation of the genotoxic risk arising from the treatment of psoriatic patients by pharmaceutic tar. The estimation is performed by biomonitoring. METHODS: The used methods included: bacterial test on TA 98 strain of Salmonella typhimurium aimed at the assessment of mutagenity of urine and cytogenetic test aimed at the assessment of chromosomal aberrations in peripheral lymphocytes. RESULTS: The exposition of psoriatic patients to pharmaceutic tar significantly increased the index of mutagenity as an index of the presence of mutagen in urine, as well as the occurrence of chromosomal aberrations in peripheral lymphocytes. CONCLUSIONS: The results of monitoring have indicated that psoriatic patients treated by pharmaceutic tar are endangered by an increased genotoxic risk. (Tab. 2, Ref. 17.)

Adult↗

PubMed1996

[Prostate cancer: palpation versus ultrasonography].

The authors compared in a group of 273 symptomatic patients the effectiveness of palpation and transabdominal USG of the prostate and in a group of 162 patients palpation and transrectal USG of the prostate in diagnosing of prostate carcinoma. Histopathological correlation was available in 203 (74.4%) patients, all of them examined by transrectal USG. From the whole group of 273 patients prostate carcinoma was confirmed in 69 (25.3%). Based on USG examination alone prostate cancer was proved by histopathological methods in three (4.3%) patients with a negative finding on palpation. A disappointment of the USG method was that it did not prove possible to diagnose before operation incidental cancer in 14 (20.3%) patients with BPH. USG made it possible to define more accurately the stage of cancer in groups T2 and T3. The effectiveness was assessed as follows: sensitivity, specificity and total accuracy during palpation was 75.4%, 88.8%, 84.2%, in transabdominal USG: 78.3%, 91.8%, 87.2% and in transrectal USG of the prostated 97.7%, 90.7% and the overall accuracy 92.6%. Despite these results for screening of patients with prostate cancer USG of the prostate can be recommended only after palpation and PSA examination.

Adolescent↗

PubMed1988