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Biomedical subjects

J Pfau

Publications and source records attributed to J Pfau.

35 records · Page 2Linked to original sources
PubMed1981

High resolution plasma lipoprotein cholesterol profiles by a rapid, high volume semi-automated method.

A new rapid and sensitive method, the single vertical spin autoprofiler (VAP), has been developed for quantitative profiling of the major plasma lipoproteins. The method involves a combination of single vertical spin separation of plasma and continuous on-line analysis of cholesterol. Plasma lipoproteins are first separated by a 45-min spin in a vertical rotor, after which the amount of cholesterol in the effluent of each tube is monitored continuously by a modification of the BMC automated enzymatic cholesterol method; simultaneously, 80% of the sample is diverted by stream-splitting to a fraction collector for further analysis, if desired. VAP not only resolves very low density lipoprotein (VLDL), low density lipoprotein (LDL), and high density lipoprotein (HDL) peaks quantitatively but also detects the presence of intermediate density lipoprotein (IDL) and other lipoprotein variants. VAP was highly reproducible; the inter-run coefficient of variation for cholesterol concentration in VLDL, LDL, and HDL was 4.8%, 2.9%, and 2.4%, respectively. Cholesterol recovery using VAP was 98.5 +/- 3.5%. Lipoprotein-cholesterol profiles of plasma from three major hyperlipoproteinemia phenotypes examined by VAP were qualitatively and quantitatively different from each other and from profiles of normolipidemic individuals. One significant finding was that IDL could be detected in the plasma of all type IV hyperlipoproteinemic subjects examined thus far. Several variant lipoprotein profiles which did not correspond to known phenotypes have also been detected by VAP using plasma from hyperlipidemic as well as from normolipidemic subjects. We submit that VAP is an accurate and rapid method for lipoprotein analysis, either for routine clinical screening or for detailed experimental studies. In addition, VAP provides a visual display of partially to completely resolved lipoprotein classes that is suitable for computer-assisted analysis.-Chung, B. H., J. P. Segrest, J. T. Cone, J. Pfau, J. C. Geer, and L. A. Duncan. High resolution plasma lipoprotein cholesterol profiles by a rapid, high volume semi-automated method.

Animals↗
PubMedDate not supplied

Healthy Start: a comprehensive health education program for preschool children.

BACKGROUND: Healthy Start is a 3-year demonstration and education research project designed to evaluate the effectiveness of a multidimensional cardiovascular (CV) risk reduction intervention in preschool centers over a 3-year period of time. METHODS: Two primary interventions are employed. The first is the preschool food service intervention program designed to reduce the total fat in preschool meals and snacks to less than 30% of calories and reduce the saturated fat to less than 10% of calories. The second major intervention is a comprehensive preschool health education curriculum, focused heavily on nutrition. RESULTS: Effectiveness of the intervention will be determined through evaluation of changes in dietary intake of preschool children at school meals and snacks, especially with respect to intake of total and saturated fat. Evaluation of the education component will include assessment of program implementation by teachers, assessment of changes in nutrition knowledge by preschool children, and assessment of changes in home meals that children consume (total and saturated fat content). Blood cholesterol will be evaluated semiannually to evaluate changes that may be due to modification of dietary intake. Growth and body fatness will also be assessed. CONCLUSIONS: While substantial efforts have targeted CV risk reduction and health education for elementary school children, similar efforts aimed at preschool children have been lacking. The rationale for beginning CV risk reduction programs for preschool children is based upon the premise that risk factors for heart disease are prevalent by 3 years of age and tend to track over time, most commonly hypercholesterolemia and obesity, both related to nutrition. Since the behavioral antecedents for nutritional risk factors begin to be established very early in life, it is important to develop and evaluate new educational initiatives such as Healthy Start, aimed at the primary prevention of cardiovascular risk factors in preschool children. The purpose of this publication is to describe the rationale and methods for the Healthy Start project.

Cardiovascular Diseases↗
PubMedDate not supplied

Results of 132 PTFE (Gore-Tex) bifurcated graft implantations.

One hundred and thirty-two PTFE bifurcated prosthetic grafts were implanted during the course of a bicentre study conducted at the abovenamed institutions from 1982 to 1986. The study included 118 males and 14 females with an average age of 62 years. One hundred and eighteen patients suffered from aorto-iliac occlusive disease and 14 from abdominal aortic aneurysms (AAA). Five patients had already undergone previous surgery (redo operations), with extirpation of thrombosed Dacron prostheses. Proximal end to end anastomoses were fashioned in 94 cases (71.2%), while end to side anastomoses were performed in 38 cases (28.8%). The distal anastomoses were to the iliac arteries in 11 cases, the common femoral artery in 89 cases and the deep femoral artery in 32 cases.

Aorta, Abdominal↗
PubMedDate not supplied

[Results of surgical treatment of ruptured abdominal aortic aneurysms].

This paper analyzes results of 5-year surgical treatment of patients with ruptured abdominal aorta aneurysms (1991.-1995.) at the Clinic for Vascular and Transplantation Surgery of the Institute of Surgery in Novi Sad. 105 patients with abdominal aorta aneurysm underwent surgery, whereas in 31 patients there was a suspicion of rupture and it was confirmed by US and CT examination. One of basic factors to decrease mortality in these patients is early diagnosis and surgery before hemorrhagic shock occurs. Results in hemodynamic stabile patients with blood pressure over 100 mmHg and regular diuresis are much better with mortality of 20%. In order to estimate the correlation of hemodynamic state and outcome of the operation, patients were divided into three groups--hemodynamic stable with blood pressure over 100 mmHg and regular diuresis at admission: hemodynamic unstable patients with signs of mild or moderate shock and blood pressure under 100 mmHg and without initial diuresis which was regulated at the beginning of therapy and hemodynamic unstable patients in severe shock and unmeasurable blood pressure. The highest survival rate (10% mortality) and the least complications occurred in the first group of patients. The total mortality of patients after surgery was 48.48%. Timely diagnosis, suspicion of rupture and adequate first and with urgent transfer to a competent surgical institution are key factors in treatment of this disease and its outcome.

Aged↗
PubMedDate not supplied

[Aorto-enteric fistula as a rare manifestation of rupture of an abdominal aortic aneurysm--case report].

Aortoenteric fistula represents a communication between aortic and duodenal lumen. It is a very rare complication of aortic aneurysmal disease as well as aortic prosthetic surgery. There are only few surgeons who have seen more than one case of aortoenteric fistula. At the Institute of Surgery one case of aortoenteric fistula was treated. It was well diagnosed at the Institute for Internal Medicine, and then presented to the vascular surgeon who operated immediately. The whole diagnostic and therapeutic procedure was well done, but stenosing carcinoma of ascendent colon was found during the operation. Resection were done leading to the dehiscence of bowel anastomosis and fatal outcome for the patient. This case is instructive in a diagnostic and surgical manner.

Aortic Aneurysm, Abdominal↗