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Biomedical subjects

J Poulsen

Publications and source records attributed to J Poulsen.

At least 19 recordsLinked to original sources
PubMed2006

Erectile dysfunction after perineal compression in young men undergoing internal fixation of femur fractures.

Erectile dysfunction (ED) following treatment for lower limb fractures is not uncommon. The mechanism is thought to be a perineal neurovascular traction injury acquired during surgery. Four young men who sustained femur fracture underwent reduction and intramedullary nail fixation. Post-operatively each presented with varying degrees of ED. Phosphodiesterase inhibitors were used in each case and sexual function returned in all. It is essential that a sexual history be taken in all patients after internal fixation of femur fractures so that treatment can be initiated early on if required. This serious complication from traction may be avoidable with careful patient positioning during traction.

Accidents, Traffic↗
PubMed2006

Laparoscopic partial nephrectomy using the potassium titanyl phosphate laser in a porcine model.

INTRODUCTION: To evaluate the potential and feasibility of the potassium titanyl phosphate (KTP) Greenlight laser to perform partial nephrectomy in a porcine model. TECHNICAL CONSIDERATIONS: A total of 15 laparoscopic partial nephrectomies were performed in 4 Danish land-raised pigs under anesthesia. Transperitoneal access was obtained, and using a total of four ports, the 80-W KTP laser was used to perform bilateral upper and lower pole partial nephrectomy. The procedures were done successfully without renal cooling or clamping of the vessels. The estimated blood loss for each procedure was less than 30 mL. Only in one operation, in which a secondary renal vein was transected, was any additional hemostasis required (a single Endoclip). The mean operating time was 42 minutes (range 31 to 59) for each partial nephrectomy. As demonstrated on video, smoke formation was, at times, a problem during the procedure, because it reduced visibility, making only intermittent application of laser energy possible. Histopathologic analysis of the specimens showed a zone of loss of substance (less than 1 mm) at the resection line and narrow adjacent zones on both sides of the resection line with minimal changes. CONCLUSIONS: We have shown for the first time that normally perfused laparoscopic partial nephrectomy using the KTP laser is feasible and efficacious in the porcine model. This represents a novel application for the KTP laser, which produced excellent renal parenchymal hemostatic ablation. We are currently working on ways to improve the visibility by reducing smoke formation before undertaking a clinical trial in humans.

Animals↗
PubMed2006

Patients with schizophrenia treated with aripiprazole, a multicentre naturalistic study.

OBJECTIVE: The purpose was to carry out a naturalistic study on efficacy, safety and tolerability of aripiprazole during treatment of schizophrenia. Fifty-one patients with an ICD-10 diagnosis of schizophrenia and partial responders to prior antipsychotic medication were offered treatment with aripiprazole as monotherapy or in combination their prior medication. Inclusion criteria were lack of therapeutic effect or adverse events on former antipsychotic treatment. METHOD: Six-month open multicentre naturalistic study with prospective assessments including Body Mass Index (BMI), Clinical Global Impression-Severity (CGI-S), Clinical Global Impression-Improvement, Global Assessment of Functioning Scale (GAF) and adverse events. RESULTS: A statistically significant improvement in the different measures of psychopathology and global functioning (CGI-S reduction 34.7%; GAF improvement 14%) was shown in combination with a statistically significant reduction in BMI of 2.9%. Nine patients (17.6%) did not complete the 6-month treatment. CONCLUSION: In an open multicentre naturalistic study, aripiprazole showed to improve the severity of psychotic symptoms and the global level of functioning. However, many of the patients (47%) were also given another antipsychotic drug at the same time. Also, high compliance and few side effects were reported. However, because of the study design, the results must be interpreted conservatively.

Activities of Daily Living↗
PubMed2001

Laparoscopic removal of multicystic dysplastic pelvic kidney.

A patient presented to us with a symptomatic, polycystic, nonfunctioning, pelvic kidney, which was removed laparoscopically. Laparoscopic removal of multicystic pelvic kidney has not been reported in an adult. The technique we adopted is described, and the relevant literature is reviewed.

Adult↗
PubMed2000

Prevalence and distribution of gastro-intestinal helminths and haemoparasites in young scavenging chickens in upper eastern region of Ghana, West Africa.

We conducted a cross-sectional study to determine the prevalence and species of gastro-intestinal helminths and haemoparasites in 100 chickens kept under extensive management systems in Ghana, West Africa. All the examined chickens (100%) were infected with gastro-intestinal helminths; a total of 18 species were detected. The species and their prevalences were: Acuaria hamulosa (25%), Allodapa suctoria (20%), Ascaridia galli (24%), Capillaria spp. (60%), Choanotaenia infundibulum (13%), Gongylonema ingluvicola (62%), Heterakis gallinarum (31%), H. isolonche (16%), Hymenolepis spp. (66%), Raillietina cesticillus (12%), R. echinobothrida (81%), R. tetragona (59%), Strongyloides avium (2%), Subulura strongylina (10%), Tetrameres fissispina (58%), Trichostronygylus tenuis (2%), and finally one unidentified acanthocephalan (1%) and one unidentified trematode (1%). Thirty-five per cent of the chickens were infected with the haemoparasites Aegyptinella pullorum and Plasmodium juxtanucleare (prevalences 9% and 27%, respectively). Association between chicken sex and prevalences was not significant. An over-dispersed distribution was seen for most of the helminth species.

Animals↗
PubMed1999

Crystallization and preliminary X-ray studies of beta-1, 4-galactanase from Aspergillus aculeatus.

Recombinant beta-1,4-galactanase from Aspergillus aculeatus has been crystallized and characterized by X-ray diffraction. Crystals were obtained in hanging drops by vapour-diffusion under the conditions 30% PEG 400, 0.2 M CaCl2 and 0.1 M Na HEPES buffered to pH 7.5. The crystals diffract to 2.3 A resolution and belong to one of the orthorhombic space groups I222 or I212121. The unit-cell dimensions are a = 60.42, b = 88.94 and c = 129.08 A. With one molecule in the asymmetric unit, the corresponding solvent content is approximately 48%.

Aspergillus↗
PubMed1998

[Peroperative radiologic findings of axillary lymph nodes in breast cancer].

The series consists of 49 operable breast cancers, prospectively registered over a five month period. The removed axillary fat was peroperatively radiologically examined by trained radiologist, and the result was reported to the surgeon. Afterwards it was sent to the pathologist for a thorough histopathological examination. Peroperative radiographic examination showed that 30.6% of the resected axillary fat contained less than ten lymph nodes. Subsequent pathological examination found that only 8.2% actually contained less than ten lymph nodes. We conclude that peroperative radiological examination of removed axillary fat is not a reliable method to assess the number of lymph nodes removed during the surgical procedure. In our hands, a careful anatomical dissection removing all axillary fatty tissue and lymphatics including level I and II seems to be the method of choice.

Adult↗
PubMed1997

[Intra-abdominal torsion of the testis with seminoma].

A 38-year-old man presented with acute onset of left iliac fossa pain. He had never noticed a left testis. An ultrasound scan showed a solid pelvic mass. Alfafoetoprotein and HCG were normal. Laparotomy for an acute abdomen was performed and revealed torsion of the left intra-abdominal testis. A left orchiectomy was performed. The patient made an uneventful recovery. Histology showed seminoma and carcinoma in situ. A testicular biopsy from the right testis showed no malignancy. A detailed examination of the genitalia should be part of the usual abdominal examination.

Abdomen, Acute↗
PubMed1997

Weight gain during pregnancy does not influence the spread of spinal analgesia in the term parturient.

BACKGROUND: It is still controversial whether the spread of spinal anaesthesia in pregnancy is influenced by particular physique. Investigation was based on a clinical observation that parturients with a pronounced "pregnant" physique, e.g. generalised oedema and heavy abdomen, tended to develop more cephalad sensory blockades than parturients without these physical signs. Using weight gain during pregnancy as a measure for the physique at term, we aimed to determine whether this parameter influences the distribution of analgesia after subarachnoidal injection of plain bupivacaine. METHODS: Thirty women presenting for elective Caesarean section were studied. All the women received 13.5 mg plain bupivacaine via subarachnoid injection at the L2-3 interspace. Thirty minutes after the injection, while the women were in the supine position with a left lateral tilt on a horizontal operating table, the maximum cephalad extent of sensory analgesia (loss of sensation to sharpness of pinprick) was determined. RESULTS: Neither weight gain during pregnancy (6-22 kg, range), height (152-185 cm), weight (56-98 kg) nor body-mass index (20.2-31.8 kg/m2) correlated with the cephalad spread of sensory blockade. CONCLUSION: In parturients, weight gain during pregnancy, height, weight and body-mass index did not influence the extent of sensory analgesia after subarachnoidal administration of plain bupivacaine.

Analgesia, Obstetrical↗
PubMed1995

Treatment of penile curvature--a retrospective study of 175 patients operated with plication of the tunica albuginea or with the Nesbit procedure.

OBJECTIVE: To evaluate the outcome and complications after operative correction of sexually disabling penile angulation. PATIENTS AND METHODS: Between January 1 1987 and December 31 1991, 175 patients underwent operative correction of penile angulation due to Peyronie's disease (57 patients) or congenital curvature (118 patients). Thirty two patients were treated by plication of the tunica albuginea and 143 by the Nesbit procedure. Post-operatively 91% of the patients were seen in the out-patient clinic after 3-5 months. A questionnaire sent to all patients 6-60 months after surgery was returned by 74% of the patients, and the present results are based on the most recent information obtained. RESULTS: In the plication group good or acceptable results were obtained in 12 of 32 patients (38%) after the first operation, and in a further nine patients (22%) after a second operation. In the Nesbit group 126 of 143 patients (88%) obtained good or acceptable results after the first operation and a further seven patients (5%) reported success after a second operation. The failures in the Nesbit group were due mainly to post-operative erectile dysfunction in patients with Peyronie's disease, in contrast to the plication group where failures were primarily due to recurrence of angulation. CONCLUSION: Operative correction of penile curvature is a reasonably safe procedure, but should not be performed solely for cosmetic reasons. In the present retrospective study the results were better after the Nesbit procedure compared with plication of the tunica albuginea. However, a review of the literature does not give support to one operative technique over the other. This can only be clarified by performing a prospective randomized trial.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1995

Pharmacokinetics and dosimetry of [111In] F(ab')2 fragments against prostatic acid phosphatase after intraprostatic injection for immunoscintigraphy in prostate cancer.

The purpose of this study was to investigate the pharmacokinetics and dosimetry of using [111In]-labelled F(ab')2 fragments against prostate acid phosphatase (FC-3001, Orion Corporation Farmos, Finland) for the detection of metastatic prostate cancer. Five patients in all were subjected to intraprostatic injection of 1 mg FC-3001 labelled with 85-100 MBq [111In]. In four of the patients the biodistribution was studied by sequential whole-body counting, gamma-camera scintigraphy of the abdomen in antero-posterior and postero-anterior projections. Blood and urine samples were collected sequentially up to 72 h after injection. Initially, significant amounts of antibody fragments were released from the site of injection. After the first 4 h, 22.0% of injected antibody (2.2-41.3% ID) remained in the prostate and was slowly released with a final half-life of 80.4 h (49.9-141.8 h). Labelled antibody appeared in the blood shortly after injection and was cleared from the blood with a final half-life of 27.7-300.9 h. The liver, the bone marrow and, in two patients, the kidneys accumulated antibody fragments in significant amounts during the period of investigation. An apparent relationship between the initial whole-body clearance and renal uptake is described. The effective dose averaged 0.37 mSv/MBq (range 0.24-0.52 mSv/MBq). The highest equivalent doses were received by the kidneys (0.46-2.81 mGy/MBq) the liver (0.44-1.59 mGy/MBq) and the bone marrow (0.37-0.57 mGy/MBq). Only in two of the patients with known metastases were pathological foci seen. The disappointing imaging results were probably caused by the biphasic release of antibody from the prostate, and indicates that intraprostatic injection of this antibody has no advantage for imaging, as well as being unpleasant for the patient. The biodistribution of the antibody following release from the prostate is similar to but more variable than the biodistribution seen in patients after intravenous injection of labelled antibodies.

Aged↗
PubMed1995

Pelvic lymphadenectomy (staging) in patients with bladder cancer laparoscopic versus open approach.

In the period 01.01.93 to 01.02.95 a total number of 40 patients underwent a diagnostic pelvic lymphadenectomy. All patients had bladder carcinoma. Twenty-one had the procedure performed as an open operation and 19 had a laparoscopic approach. The groups were comparable as to age, sex and tumor stage. The median number of harvested lymph nodes was found to be the same in the two groups (median 5 lymph nodes). The percentage of lymph node positive patients was comparable -5 of 21 in the open and 4 of 19 in the laparoscopic group. One patient in the laparoscopy group had to be converted to an open procedure because of peroperative bleeding. In the open group one accidental ureteric lesion occurred. It was repaired intraoperatively. Only few postoperative complications were seen. In the open group two cases of troublesome lymphoceles occurred and one case of wound infection. In the laparoscopy group one patient experienced prolapse of an omental snip through a port incision and one patient had a scrotal haematoma which resolved spontaneously. The need for postoperative analgesia was significantly less in the laparoscopy group. The postoperative hospital stay was 8 days in the open versus 1 day in the laparoscopy group.

Aged↗
PubMed1994

[Penile vein resection. Treatment of patients with erectile dysfunction caused by venous leakage].

In the period February 1991 to February 1992, 12 patients underwent penile vein resection as described by Tom Lue for erectile dysfunction caused by venous leakage. The median age of the patients was 43.7 years (range 23 to 46 years). Two patients had haematoma and two had penile oedema postoperatively. Both conditions resolved spontaneously within two weeks. At the first follow up six weeks postoperatively, 10 patients were able to have normal intercourse. After six month this number had declined to eight. After a follow-up period of 18 to 30 months only four patients were able to have intercourse. One of these needed self injection with papaverin/phentolamine. Because of the poor results, penile vein resection as described by Tom Lue cannot be recommended as a routine procedure in patients with erectile dysfunction caused by venous leakage. However the operation may be relevant in younger patients with penile venous leakage, where there are no concomitant causes of the erectile failure.

Adult↗