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J Pous

Publications and source records attributed to J Pous.

35 records · Page 2Linked to original sources
PubMed1995

[Explanatory indicators of the length of stay in a pneumology department].

BACKGROUND: Utilization of Diagnosis Related Groups (DRGs') for hospital payments in France. OBJECTIVES: To search the variations and the explicative factors of length of stay in a pneumologic unit, to analyse the relevance of the indicators by using the DRG's and the supplementary variables in a medical and economical perspective. SETTING: Pneumologic unit of Limoges' teaching hospital. METHODS: From 1-4-93 to 31-5-94, a prospective study analysed 1081 stays (one-day-longer) by the medical unit summary and by some variables describing the stay (planned admission, appropriateness), the patient (physical mobility at entrance, severity of disease), the procedures (physiotherapy, social needs). Statistical tests associated univariate analysis, linear and logistic regressions, hierarchic segmentation. RESULTS: DRG's explain 23% of logarithm length of stay. The mathematical model has separated five variables, which are associated with an increase of length of stay (age, number of procedures, physical mobility at entrance, social complexity, intensity of physiotherapy), one associated with a decrease of length of stay (planned admission). CONCLUSION: DRG's, alone, do not describe the dispersion of the length of stay, which is usually used to assess the consumption of resources during an hospitalization. The record of supplementary variables needs further studies, to improve the patients' classification.

Age Factors↗
PubMed1993

Aging couples and disability management.

The purpose of this work is to identify, in an elderly population, couple patterns and to relate this typology to the management of disabilities. Resulting from questions arising from research in gerontology, it utilizes the theoretical contribution of the sociology of the family so as to understand the relationships between the functioning of the couple and the management of disability. Four types of couples have been identified according to the presence or absence of a tacit contract between husband and wife and according to the character of their relationships. In each type, we have studied the conduct of daily life and its negotiation as well as the management of disabilities. The analysis shows that this management is very different according to the type of couple and thus confirms the importance of taking the functioning of the couple into account so as to fully understand the situation of disabled married elderly persons.

Adaptation, Psychological↗
PubMed1990

Disability, psychosocial factors and mortality among the elderly in a rural French population.

The purpose of this work is to identify risk markers of mortality in a cohort of 645 people aged 60 and over. The study was carried out in rural areas in south west France. Data were collected by questionnaire in 1982. Mortality was determined 4 years later; 111 deaths were registered. The analysis of age-adjusted odds ratios (OR) showed strong relationships between mortality and disability (OR = 7.75), compared health (OR = 3.94), self-rated health (OR = 2.47), home comfort (OR = 0.52), physical activity (OR = 0.32), sociability (OR = 0.43) and two subjective well-being items: the feeling of uselessness (OR = 3.51), and the lack of projects for the future (OR = 2.35). By contrast, no significant association was observed with reported morbidity and social support. Two multivariate analyses were performed: the first on longevity using Cox's regression model, the second on mortality using a linear discriminant analysis. The results of these analyses were translated into a simple set of 8 independent risk markers for the identification of a "high risk group" of mortality within 4 years. The sensitivity of this mortality risk indicator was 73% and its specificity 77%.

Age Factors↗
PubMed1990

[Respiratory symptoms in schoolchildren in Toulouse. Influence of atmospheric pollution].

In order to get a better knowledge on respiratory illnesses of children in Toulouse, and to evaluate the influence of air pollution, 1,000 children between 8 and 11 years of age, living in five different areas of the city were observed during one year (March 1985-March 1986), together with the measure of twenty pollutants. A questionnaire was used to assess the history of respiratory diseases and the chronic respiratory pathology. According to the areas, no difference appeared, other than the frequent cough which is more important in an area with lower social income (p less than 0.01). The acute respiratory illnesses, as noted during the year of observation, had a different pattern according to the areas (p less than 0.0001). Amongst the five pollutants used for the analytic study through the cross-correlations, four: nitrogen monoxide and dioxide, black fumes, and ammonia particulate derivatives are related to the respiratory diseases.

Acute Disease↗
PubMed1989

[Disabilities during aging: descriptive approach and risk factors. 4-year longitudinal study of an aged rural population].

A longitudinal survey has been conducted from 1982 to 1986 in a rural population of 645 persons aged 60 and over. The aim of this study is to analyse the evolution of disabilities in this population and the main risk factors. The incidence of disabilities within 4 years is more important in the oldest birth-cohort groups and this result suggests a cumulative effect of the ageing process and chronic diseases. Indeed, the assessment of predictive factors shows that age and reported morbidity are related to the incidence of disabilities, but two other factors are strongly related to the loss of functional abilities after age adjustment: socioeconomic status and the feeling of uselessness. We conclude that disability in the elderly is not an inevitable consequence of the physiological ageing process and that a preventive approach should be based on a multidimensional concept: physical, social and psychological.

Aged↗
PubMed1989

[Descriptive and prognostic value of health status perception by a group of patients with chronic respiratory insufficiency using respirators].

Using a self questionnaire we have done a domiciliary study of the perception of health and respiratory function in a population of 537 patients suffering from chronic respiratory disease. We arranged elsewhere the objective biological data of the severity of the disease represented in the computerised dossier on each patient and were able to compare this objective data to the subjective data gathered by the questionnaire. The objective data, in particular the blood gas analysis, appeared to be very weakly linked to the perception that the subjects had of their health and of their physical mobility. A study of the survival at one year showed that functional capacity and psychological approach of subjects were better predictive factors of mortality than the severity of the disease defined according to medical criteria. This study recalls the limits of standard methods of follow up for chronic respiratory failure, and stresses the importance of physical independence in these subjects: this functional indicator seems to have a value which is both descriptive as it is connected, as a whole, to the indicators of the quality of life and also prognostic as it is a better predictive factor for mortality at one year.

Aged↗
PubMed1988

Predictive value of life events, psychosocial factors and self-rated health on disability in an elderly rural French population.

Increasing evidence suggests that exposure to stressful life events and a variety of psychosocial factors are related to different health outcomes in the elderly. Our purpose is to study the predictive value of each of these items on the ability deterioration of a panel of 645 rural adults, aged 60 and over, living at home and followed for 4 years (1982-1986). This survey was carried out in five rural areas of Haute-Garonne (South-West France). Data were collected from the elderly themselves by questionnaire in 1982 and 1986. An indicator of ability evolution (1982-1986) was constructed for all those surviving and reviewed in 1986. Our study concerned 470 elderly people. Ability deterioration was 55.3% (260 elderly people). The analysis of age-adjusted relative risks (RR) of ability deterioration showed a significant impact of economic level (RR = 2.3), self-rated health (RR = 2.2) and reported morbidity (RR = 2.2). Among the psychosocial factors, we noted the predictive role of a lack of project for the future (RR = 1.7) and mostly of a feeling of uselessness (RR = 9.8), but also of non-participation in association activities for people aged less than 75. All these relationships remain significant after adjustment according to reported morbidity. In contrast, no significant effect was found for social support and life events which occurred during the follow-up period. Logistic discriminant analysis and segmentation analysis were performed. They confirmed the independence of the predictive roles played by age, economic level, reported morbidity and the feeling of uselessness. These results, discussed with bibliographic data, should give a better knowledge of the processes which underlie pathological ageing.

Activities of Daily Living↗
PubMed1987

[Disabilities, subjective health and mortality after a 3-year follow-up of a rural aged population].

This study examines risk factors for mortality on a three years follow-up, in a sample of 645 subjects 60 years and over, living in a rural area in Haute-Garonne. Basic data were collected by interview in a transversal survey in 1982 and three years later 68 persons had died. The assessment of relative risk factors illustrates the important role of disabilities (RR = 5.3), of self-evaluation of health, and of degree of enthusiasm for life; but there is no statistical relationship between mortality and social support, or number of diseases. A discriminant analysis, indicates that disabilities and subjective assessment of health seem to be independent predictors of mortality. A "mortality risk indicator" including nine components, can identify people who have a high risk of dying within three years, with a sensitivity of 77% and specificity of 78%.

Aged↗
PubMed1986

[Eating behavior and life styles: research and action on nutrition in a rural area].

Nutrition education has sometimes been portrayed as a normative discourse, forgetting that nutrition is at the heart of basic lifestyle habits. In fact, eating not only satisfies a basic need, it is a social and communication action that develops an interaction with a person's socio-economic and cultural framework. This article describes an educational programme that involved all 2,200 inhabitants of a small rural town in the south of France. The purpose of the study was to better define what was involved in the development of eating behaviours in order to adapt information for the population. Two hundred families, 28% of the town, were provided with a survey questionnaire. Questions about socio-economic and cultural data of the families, types of food provisions, cooking initiation, perceived knowledge of dietetics, and ways of sociability were included. This research permitted the identification of different profiles of eaters: working class families, the elderly, families without children, etc... The subsequent information campaign attempted to adapt its message to each category identified, taking into consideration economic and psychosocial factors, the attachment of the population to its culinary patrimony, and the pejorative vision of dietetics perceived by part of the population. The entire community collaborated at each stage of the programme. Conceived as a research project, it contributed to motivating the population to take an active role in the management of its health problems.

Feeding Behavior↗
PubMed1981

[Comparative study of cefotaxime serum and lung concentrations in 6 patients with thoracotomy (author's transl)].

This study was performed on samples obtained from 6 patients undergoing pulmonary surgery. Cefotaxime was administered by the i.m. route at a dose of 1 g twice daily and assays were performed on simultaneously obtained lung biopsies and serum. The comparison of tissue levels to the peak serum concentrations obtained at 30 minutes after injection provided evidence of the excellent tissue penetration of this cephalosporin in the human lungs.

Cefotaxime↗
PubMed1978

[The frequency of alterations of the lipid and hydrocarbon levels in retinal detachment].

The biological lipid levels and hyperglycaemia measured in patients of varying ages with retinal detachment have shown that:--in 59.7% there is a hyperlipaemia or hyperlipoproteinaemia. This is more usually a hyperpre-beta-lipoproteinaemia (37.1%);--in 32% a disturbance of lipid metabolism was associated with a disturbance of glucose metabolism: diabetes or a pre-diabetic state;--49% of patients affected with hyperlipidaemia present with a clinical vascular condition;--42% of all the patients present with a clinical vascular condition. The numbers are considerable and they show the frequency of atherogenic factors in retinal detachment.

Adult↗
PubMedDate not supplied

[Couples, aging and management of disabilities].

Four types of couples have been identified, based on the presence or not of a tacit contract between husband and wife and on their egalitarian or unegalitarian relationship. Each type is analyzed as concerns such items as the conduct of daily life, the negotiation process involved in it, the management of disabilities. Management of disabilities varies according to the above-mentioned typology. Therefore the relationship between husband and wife is extremely important in handling disabilities of the elderly people.

Aged↗
PubMedDate not supplied

[Drug consumption in a retired population].

Drug consumption has been studied in a population of 187 retired people, the average age being 66.5 years. The retired subjects are great drug consumers: 89% regularly take one (or several) drug(s). The central nervous system drugs are the most used (52%). Those of cardiovascular system are used by 46% of subjects. Females take more anxiolytic drugs and paracetamol than males who use more calcium channel blockers. Polymedication is usual and in opposition to working population, retired people are less addicted to self medication.

Aged↗