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Biomedical subjects

J Prévot

Publications and source records attributed to J Prévot.

At least 19 recordsLinked to original sources
PubMed1992

[Localizations of histiocytosis X in bone].

Histiocytosis X is still of unknown origin. Its clinical patterns are various and it is above all a bone disease of children, mostly boys. It is a tumoral condition basically benign but with a strong tendency toward dissemination and destruction. Its natural history is unpredictable. The authors have reviewed 37 cases after a 44 months mean follow-up for bringing up a better understanding of the role of orthopedic surgery. The diagnosis was always based on biopsies looking for at least two basic signs out of four possible ones. Scintigraphy was used to detect other locations. MRI was used to evaluate the effect of treatment. In single eosinophilic granuloma, curettage was associated with biopsy. Local injections of corticoids may help in spinal locations. In disseminated forms, surgical treatment should be little aggressive, limited to a biopsy of the most superficial lesion. These forms should be treated by radiotherapy corticotherapy and chemotherapy, as well as the aggressive lesions, the extensive ones, the threatening ones and those which are not accessible.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1991

[Histomorphometry of bone regenerate in limb lenghthening by the Ilizarov's technique].

Eleven biopsies of bone regenerate during bone lengthening following the Ilizarov technique were studied. They concerned 10 patients with a mean age of 13.5 years. The length of the biopsied regenerate was between 14 and 90 mm, and the delay after the initial procedure was 23 to 502 days. The aim of this study was to get informations on the histology of the regenerate, to quantify osseous data and to propose a surgical strategy. These data were obtained by analyze of non decalcified bone, biopsies were included in a methylmetacrylate block. Measure of the mineralisation speed was determined after a double intake of tetracycline. The bony trabeculations were formed very early, as soon as the third week. They were placed like a thread, that means in an anastomotic system which can quickly become resistant. But is was necessary to keep a lengthening speed under 1 mm per day 0.7 to 0.8 mm per day seems to be the best speed in adolescents. The ossification was of membranous type, without cartilaginous stage. Osteoblastic and osteoclastic activities were extremely rich, even after one year or after the bone healing. The main point was the maturity of the regenerate acquired as soon as the 4th month.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1991

[Correction of malunion of femoral fractures by Ilizarov's device in children].

Cast immobilisation of femoral fractures in children may sometimes be subject to important displacements. Absence of survey leads to malunions which may make a secondary correction necessary. In two such cases the authors used Ilizarov's external fixation which allowed correction of both angulation and shortening without direct approach. Rapid healing occurred. The authors made a comparative analysis of the different possibilities for treatment of these severe femoral malunions.

Bony Callus↗
PubMed1990

[Supracondylar fractures of the humerus in children: treatment by downward nailing].

Surgical treatment of supracondylar fractures of the humerus in children concerns a limited number of these fractures. That is fractures with great displacement and periosteal rupture, which are reported in our experience of 96 cases treated by an original method. It consists of external reduction stabilized by 2 nails introduced in the middle third of the shaft and diverging in the lower humeral epiphysis. We insist on the use of two X-ray amplifliers in the operative technique. Ninety-four fractures were controlled after 3 months, during nail removal and 81 patients had a follow-up more than one year. Morphological and functional results were appreciated as 75 excellent 15 good and 4 bad. Among the complications encountered we noticed that cubitus varus was very rare. Only 6 controls showed an angle of less than 10 degrees. As compared to the other surgical techniques this method is very encouraging and comforts our indications in unstable third degree fractures, unsuitable for Blount's method, and the great majority of forth degree fractures.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1989

[Labor trauma-induced epiphysiolysis of the proximal femur. 4 cases].

The authors report on 4 cases of obstetrical traumatic slipping of the upper femoral epiphysis. Firstly, they emphasise the difficulties of diagnosis because trauma is often missed. In two cases the delivery was a cesarean section (in the same clinic!). Wrong diagnoses are: --neonatal septic arthritis with swelling and inflammation of the hip, lateral deviation of the metaphysis on the x-ray. Nevertheless, there are no signs of an infectious disease and symptoms begin at birth. --congenital dislocation of the hip but clinical testing of stability is painful and doubtful. Secondly, when diagnosis is uncertain, a joint aspiration confirms haemarthrosis, and arthrography shows the displacement of the epiphysis on the metaphysis. Finally, the authors explain their therapeutic procedure: three times orthopaedic treatment with traction and spica cast for 2 months, a pin osteosynthesis in one case. Prognosis was favourable in two cases, but the two other cases present a lateral rotation of the leg in relation to a retroversion of the femoral head.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1989

[Use of vascularized bone grafts in surgery of the spine. Apropos of 6 cases].

The Authors report six cases in which a pedicle bone graft was placed by an anterior approach to stabilise a spine deformity. In two cases they used a fibula, in four others it was a cortico-cancellous iliac graft. One case was a neurofibromatosis spine deformity, the second was a Cooley disease, the third one was an hydatidosis, the three remaining cases were spondylolitheses. All patients had been initially operated on by a posterior approach. Fusion was obtained in all cases.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1988

Computerised tomography in non-treated congenital hip dislocation.

Computerised tomography, carried out in 5 non-treated cases of congenital dislocation of the hip, shows that the femoral head can move in a large anteroposterior cavity. When the hip is extended the common position of dislocation is lateral superior and slightly anterior to the acetabulum. When the hip is flexed (at a right angle), the femoral head is located posterior and slightly superior to the acetabulum. Dislocation reduction has always been possible. When the hip is flexed a large "click" takes place; whereas if the hip is extended, the "click" is less noticeable, or even absent.

Acetabulum↗
PubMed1988

Elastic stable intramedullary nailing of femoral shaft fractures in children.

We report the use of elastic stable intramedullary nailing (ESIN) in 123 fractures of the femoral shaft in children. Flexible rods are introduced through the distal metaphyseal area, and the aim is to develop bridging callus. Early weight-bearing is possible and is recommended. There was one case of bone infection and no delayed union. Complications were minimal, the most common being minor skin ulceration caused by the ends of the rods. A surprising feature was the low incidence of growth changes, with a mean lengthening of only 1.2 mm after an average follow-up of 22 months. Compared with conservative treatment, ESIN obviates the need for prolonged bed rest and is thus particularly advantageous for treating children.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1988

[Prognosis of fractures of the lower end of the femur in children and adolescents. Apropos of 96 cases].

A multicentre study undertaken in a number of orthopaedic and traumatology departments of hospitals in the East of France have made it possible to bring together, over 10 consecutive years, 96 fractures of the lower end of the femur in children and adolescents. The analysis of this retrospective series agrees with the findings in the literature both in its clinical features and the methods of treatment. The results were very good in 84 per cent of cases. The authors feel that the standard scoring systems are too optimistic and they prefer an analytic description of the complications which presented in 54 per cent of cases with 13 per cent of malunions, 16 per cent of epiphysiodeses and 7 per cent of inequalities of limb length greater than 10 mm. The etiology and pathology of these diverse complications is reviewed. Vascular lesions seem to play an unimportant role. The prognosis, as defined, seems to be realistic since this work has taken account of a large proportion of the fractures occurring during the same period in the same region.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1987

[A computer-assisted study of the surgical treatment of talipes equinovarus].

One-hundred-and-eleven club feet were treated surgically and followed up for more than three years. A computer analysis of the results, compared with the information contained in the operative notes, provided a better assessment of the effectiveness of each surgical procedure. Resection of capsular structures did not give better results than simple division. Posterior capsulotomy of the sub-taloid joint did not alter the separation between the talus and the calcaneus in lateral radiographs. Division of the plantar aponeurosis and lengthening of the long toe flexors seemed to diminish the frequency of secondary cavus deformity. Lengthening of the tibialis anterior improved the range of plantar-flexion of the ankle and reduced the occurrence of residual adduction of the forefoot and elevation of the first metatarsal. Finally, to avoid weakening of muscles, it proved to be vital to preserve the tendon sheaths and to avoid longitudinal tendon division followed by suture, which favours adhesions and tethering of tendons. The authors describe the details of the stages of surgical release. It is not a matter of a new approach to the treatment of club foot but a combination of detailed modifications aiming to produce a perfect final result.

Child↗
PubMed1986

The history of pediatric surgery in France.

In 1741, Nicolas Andry, counsellor of King Louis XV, published a book about "orthopedics," inventing this word. The book is interesting as the author refers to beliefs and habits of the time. In 1864, Guersant published Notes About Pediatric Surgery, a real textbook which was translated into English and German and dealt with the importance of children's psychological training, anesthesia, and water or mother's milk after the operation, and also described tracheotomy, draining of cervical adenitis, and lithotrity. The classification of bone affections was still very confused. Tuberculosis and syphilis have an important place; hypospadias is not treated by surgery. In 1905, Froehlich published Pediatric Surgery Studies dealing exclusively with visceral surgery and demonstrating progress compared to Guersant's study. In 1906, Kirmisson published Pediatric Surgical Textbook, containing the first discussion of radiology and the description of the pathology of the omphalomesenteric duct and of other congenital malformations. Osteomyelitis was given its proper name, and cervical fistulas were explained. In 1914, A. Broca achieved further progress describing treatments of megacolon, intussusception, and the operation of Fredet Ramstedt. The book by Ombredanne, already out of date at the time of its publication, showed that he was not aware of the wartime, progress achieved by Ladd and Gross in the USA. French publications have diminished since then, and French pediatric surgery is still trying to find a precise identity.

France↗
PubMed1986

[Comparative study of the Armstrong and Harrington technics in the treatment of idiopathic scolioses].

Between 1982 and 1985, idiopathic scoliosis was treated by instrumentation using Armstrong's technique, segmental spinal instrumentation (Luque's method) being reserved for neuromuscular scoliosis. Of the 29 patients treated by the technique 22 have been followed up for more than 18 months. Results were compared with those in a similar group of 30 patients operated upon using Harrington's original procedure between 1977 and 1982. This retrospective study complements that of Michel et al., and provided the following results: Although the instrumental correction gain was comparable in the two groups after 2 years, the angular loss was less marked by 3.4 degrees in the Armstrong when compared with the Harrington group. In addition, this mounting offers stability of lumbar contra-curvatures of which there is a lack of deterioration. Horizontalization of the lower load-bearing vertebra was better in the Armstrong group and allowed the choice of a load-bearing vertebra above that of the Harrington's group in two-thirds of cases. The changes in vertebral rotation and gibbosity are supplementary advantages of Armstrong's technique. Postoperative contention is still necessary, whatever technique is used, but the use of a second branch placed in distraction in the convexity is recommended, to improve quality of surgical treatment of idiopathic scoliosis.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1985

Small bowel esophagoplasty with vascular microanastomoses in the neck for treatment of esophageal burns in childhood.

Replacement of the esophagus may become mandatory in esophageal burns if dilatation treatment is unsuccessful. Normally, the isoperistaltic transverse colon placed in the neck is used for this purpose. The use of the major curvature of the stomach, according to Gavriliu, may also be considered. In two of our patients, these techniques could not be applied, and we transplanted a portion of the small bowel into the neck, with the blood supply to the pedicule being provided by vascular microanastomosis in the cervical region. The functional results were very satisfying in both cases, despite of the bent appearance of the grafts. At long-term follow-up, there have been no major, particularly peptic, complications. The two cases and the technique applied are described.

Burns, Chemical↗
PubMed1985

Elastic stable intramedullary pinning of long bone shaft fractures in children.

Stable intramedullary pinning is an excellent method for treating shaft fractures in children when there is an indication for operative management. It is a new biomechanical concept which aims at developing the bridging external callus. This closed pinning uses flexible rods which are introduced into a metaphysial area. Technique, results and indications are described particularly in regard to shaft fractures of the femur and the forearm. This closed surgical procedure can always be performed; complication rates are slight (no sepsis, no delayed union). Early mobilisation is possible, and use of a cast is unnecessary.

Bony Callus↗
PubMed1985

Preliminary evaluation of the ELISA as a tool for the detection of rotaviruses in activated sewage sludge.

Samples of activated sludge were taken in three different treatment plants near Nancy (France) and in West Berlin (F.R.G.), and were investigated for their content of rotaviruses. After elution with beef extract (0.25%, pH 7.3) and ultrasonication, the samples were concentrated by protamine flocculation and, in a few cases, in parallel by ultracentrifugation. A commercially available ELISA test kit (Rotazyme, Abbott Diagnostics) was routinely used for rotavirus detection. Although both the Rotazyme and a laboratory-designed ELISA gave positive results for the suldge concentrates, confirmation with a blocking test and electron microscope (EM) was negative in all cases so far investigated. Therefore, the exclusive use of ELISA cannot be recommended for similar investigations as it may lead to false positive results. In this light, an additional verification step with neutralizing antibodies should be included by the ELISA kits' manufacturers to enable a quick confirmation of the user's results.

Enzyme-Linked Immunosorbent Assay↗