PubMed Health⌕ Search

Biomedical subjects

J Procházka

Publications and source records attributed to J Procházka.

At least 37 records · Page 2Linked to original sources
PubMed1992

Functional changes in the right and left ventricle during development of cardiac hypertrophy and after its regression.

OBJECTIVE: The aim was to determine left and right ventricular functional reserves and collagen concentration during the development of cardiac hypertrophy and after its regression. METHODS: Two experimental models of cardiac hypertrophy (chronic thyroxine or isoprenaline treatment of adult rats) were compared 24 h and five weeks after the agent was last given. Pressure changes in the left (right) ventricle before and after acute aortic (pulmonary artery) ligation were recorded in open chest anaesthetised animals. The difference in dP/dtmax after and before ligation was regarded as the functional reserve. The total collagen concentration was determined in both ventricles separately by means of hydroxyproline. RESULTS: Left and right ventricular weight increased by 20% and 30% respectively in the two models employed. In the thyroxine treated group, the functional reserve of the left ventricle rose very noticeably, whereas in the isoprenaline treated group it decreased. The right ventricular functional reserve did not differ from that in the controls in either of the two groups. The collagen concentration rose in the left ventricle in the isoprenaline group only. Five weeks after the last administration of the agent, cardiac mass and ventricular function did not differ from the control values in either of the models studied; the only exception was the incomplete regression of left ventricular hypertrophy and persistent structural and functional impairment of the left ventricle in the isoprenaline treated group. CONCLUSIONS: Our results indicate that hearts undergoing a comparable degree of experimental hypertrophy may have different functional and structural properties; significant differences were found between the right and left ventricular response. Regression of hypertrophy together with a reversal of ventricular function usually occurs unless the myocardium has received severe structural damage.

Animals↗
PubMed1991

Aminopeptidases and angiotensin I-converting enzyme activities in primary human lung tumors and lung parenchyma.

The activities of alanyl aminopeptidase (AAP), arginyl aminopeptidase (RAP), alpha-glutamyl aminopeptidase (EAP) and angiotensin I-converting enzyme (ACE) were investigated in primary human lung tumors of different histological types and in matched lung parenchyma. In contrast to the studied aminopeptidases whose activity differences between tumor and lung tissues were infrequently significant, the activity of ACE was decreased highly significantly in the majority of lung tumors.

Adenocarcinoma↗
PubMed1991

[Modification of undesirable sexual behavior in hospitalized sexual offenders within the framework of a comprehensive cognitive-behavior therapy program. I].

A comprehensively conceived behaviourally oriented therapeutic programme of influencing undesirable sexual behaviour with creation of socially acceptable patterns of sexual behaviour, using in addition to group, regime and sociotherapeutic methods and individual behavioural techniques, (frequently under phallographic control, described in the paper), appears to be most effective in the framework of institutional treatment as regards rate of relapses and economic effectiveness. This is confirmed by ten years of experience with this therapeutic approach at the sexuological department of the psychiatric sanatorium (comparable with results of similar departments abroad), achieved despite difficulties as regards personnel and shortage of professional information. The relapse rate of sexual delinquency during the ten-year investigation, assessed by available methods, was only 9% of all treated subjects.

Cognitive Behavioral Therapy↗
PubMed1991

Czechoslovak cardiosurgery.

Similarly as in all war-ravaged countries of Europe, in Czechoslovakia, too, cardiosurgery did not begin being systematically developed until after 1945. Patent ductus arteriosus was first treated surgically in this country in 1947, the year 1951 saw the launching of surgical therapy for mitral stenosis (commissurotomy on the closed heart), 1955 - the introduction into clinical practice of open-heart surgery for simple heart defects (DSS, pulmonary artery stenosis and aortic stenosis) with the patient in 28 degrees C hypothermia and with the blood circulation arrested for brief periods of time. In the years 1958-1959, four Czechoslovak cardiosurgical centres began to provide surgical treatment for congenital and acquired heart defects in extracorporeal circulation. Considering the war-inflicted material and personnel shortcomings prevailing in those times, Czechoslovak cardiosurgery managed relatively soon to attain the standard of cardiosurgery of the western countries, thus testifying to the viability of the country's post-war health care services. At present, there are six cardiosurgical centres in this country systematically engaged in the surgical treatment of congenital and acquired heart defects and providing the diagnosis and surgical correction of heart defects on a professional scale equal to that in countries with advanced health care systems. While the care provided at Czechoslovak cardiosurgical centres is comparable in terms of quality, the productivity of those centres leaves much to be desired. Ways and means of coping early with this inadequacy are looked for with the help of the Ministry of Health.

Cardiac Surgical Procedures↗
PubMed1990

[Clinical and ultrasonic diagnosis of congenital hip dislocation (dynamics of changes in early therapy)].

The authors present part of their prospective epidemiological study of congenital dysplasia of hip joints within which newborns were examined by ultrasonogram prior to the beginning of the therapy. Apart from the standard examination in the frontal plane after Graf they examined on principle also the ultrasonographic stability by the dynamic test after Schuler as well as by the application of the probe anteriorly with the simultaneous provocation according to Palmén. The authors have processed pathological ultrasonographic findings in 53 newborns (64 hip joints). The technique of the examination by ultrasound from the anterior approach is explained in detail. The comparison of both dynamic tests has shown that the examination from the anterior approach is considerably more sensitive than Schuler's dynamic test and also fully correlates with the clinical finding. It is a fact that the shift of the head in the flexion dorsally represents the most important component of the movement in unstable hip joint during provocation, it is far more noticeable than the lateralization of the head or the shift in the cranial direction. After achieving ultrasonographic stability the classical Graf method is sufficient for the registration of residual changes on the acetabular rim. The follow-up of patients until their complete healing has shown a surprisingly rapid remodellation of hip joints. The whole complex of clinically unstable hip joints has been divided into subgroups according to Graf classification. In type IIc or IId on the basis of ultrasonographic examination from the anterior approach the stable joints from the ultrasonographic viewpoint have been distinguished from unstable ones. The follow-up carried out in short intervals has shown that of longest duration is the remodellation of total dislocation and, on the contrary, of shortest duration is the healing of joints in the IIc or IId type. An absolute majority of affected hip joints have become normal until 3rd month of the age. The complex does not include two patients with teratological dislocation, the incidence of which has been determined in our study by the ratio of 2 cases in 35,550 of timely examined newborns. The role of the factor of spontaneous stabilization cannot be in this part of the study completely discounted. However, herewith we present part of an accomplished epidemiological study where the number of timely diagnosed patients including late diagnoses corresponds to the number of dislocations and subluxations determined within the conventional late diagnosis.

Female↗
PubMed1989

Comparison of cardiopulmonary response to intermittent high-altitude hypoxia in young and adult rats.

Haemodynamic and heart weight parameters were compared in male rats exposed to intermittent high-altitude (IHA) hypoxia (barochamber, 8 h/day, 5 days/week, total of 24 exposures stepwise up to 7,000 m) starting either from the 4th day or the 12th week of postnatal life. Systemic arterial pressure and heart rate increased in adult IHA acclimatized animals only. Marked chronic pulmonary hypertension and right ventricular enlargement were found in both age groups. Right ventricular weight increased linearly with a rise of pulmonary blood pressure in animals exposed to IHA from the 4th day of life (r = 0.72); no significant relation was found in adult rats (r = 0.16). The close correlation between both variables in young hypoxic rats may be due to the ability of the developing heart to respond to chronic hypoxia by both hypertrophy and hyperplasia of myocytes.

Adaptation, Physiological↗
PubMed1989

The effect of chronic hypoxia on the developing cardiopulmonary system.

The effect of chronic hypoxia (barochamber, 8 h per day, 5 days a week, stepwise up to 7000 m) on some cardiac functional and metabolic parameters was compared in rats acclimatized either from the 4th day or the 12th week of postnatal life. Pulmonary hypertension and right ventricular enlargement were found in both age group. Whereas in young hypoxic animals the weight of the right ventricle increased linearly with the right ventricular pressure, in adult high altitude exposed rats this relation could not be proved. High altitude induced significant increase of concentration of collagenous proteins: in adult animals increased collagen III only, in young also collagen I. The changes of the energy metabolism were similar in both age groups: activity of enzymes of the lactate metabolism and glucose phosphorylation increased; on the other hand, catabolism of fatty acids decreased. Chronic hypoxemia significantly influenced also the myocardial metabolism in children with congenital heart disease; the aerobic capacity was decreased both in the atrial and ventricular tissue; atrial changes were even more pronounced. The type of changes was, however, different from the rat heart.

Acclimatization↗
PubMed1989

Intermittent high altitude--induced changes in energy metabolism in the rat myocardium and their reversibility.

Selected enzyme activities of energy metabolism were studied in the myocardium of laboratory rats exposed to intermittent altitude hypoxia (IAH, 4-8 h daily, 5 days a week, in a hypobaric chamber, stepwise up to 7,000 m). No significant differences were found between the right and the left ventricle in the control animals. Glucose-utilizing capacity (HK) and capacity for the synthesis and degradation of lactate (LDH) increased significantly in both ventricles during acclimatization. The other enzyme activities associated with anaerobic glycolysis (TPDH, GPDH) and those linked up in aerobic metabolism (MDH, CS) did not change significantly. On the other hand, the ability to break down fatty acids (HOADH) decreased significantly. All the above changes in the enzyme profile were found after only 24 4-h exposures, in both the hypertrophic right ventricle and the unenlarged left ventricle. When the length of daily exposure was raised from 4 to 8 h, the above changes were not intensified and 45 days after the last exposure to IAH, none of the given activity values differed from those estimated in the corresponding control animals.

3-Hydroxyacyl CoA Dehydrogenases↗
PubMed1989

[Evaluation of the value of testicular phlebography].

The authors use testicular phlebography since 1979; they examined so far 72 patients (62 children and 10 adults). Phlebography was indicated in 54 patients with varicocele and in 18 children with an unpalpable testicle. The authors evaluate the method with regard to the surgical procedure in the treatment of varicocele. In unpalpable testicles phlebography proves in some cases useful in the differential diagnosis. The authors evaluate the importance of the examination. The new findings regarding anatomical and functional aspects are, no doubt, valuable. On the other hand, the authors draw attention to the complicated examination (in particular in children) to the invasive character of the examination and the irradiation load.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1989

[Postoperative atrioventricular and intraventricular block in tetralogy of Fallot. Electrophysiology study].

One of the causes of the late deaths after operations of the tetralogy of Fallot are dysrhythmias caused by impaired conduction and automatism. To assess the severity and site of the atrioventricular and intraventricular block the authors used in 19 patients after operation of the tetralogy of Fallot an invasive electrophysiological examination. The authors recommend, based on their own experience, to follow-up on a long-term basis all patients with temporary postoperative complete a-v block. The presence of bifascicular or temporary postoperative a-v block alone does not yet imply the need of a permanent pacemaker. If a serious a-v block persists after the third week or if a syncope or cardiac weakness develops, the authors indicate a permanent pacemaker. Also the development of trifascicular block, even in patients with a normal P-Q interval, detected during fever, physical work or during electrostimulation of the atria is an indication for the introduction of a permanent pacemaker.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1989

The contribution of discrimination analysis to the diagnostic decision in patients with lung carcinoma.

A set of 620 patients was examined. Out of them, 245 suffered from lung carcinoma of different type and stage, 28 suffered from other malignant tumors, 37 were affected with benign tumors, and 166 were suffering from a nonmalignant respiratory disease (tuberculosis, nonspecific pneumonia, chronic bronchitis, abscesses, cysts, asthma, lung fibrosis, bronchiectasis and sarcoidosis). In addition to these patients, 144 blood donors were examined who represented the control group of healthy individuals. In a blind test another set of 266 persons was examined. By completing the values of selected markers (orosomucoid, prealbumin, glycoprotein electrophoresis, erythrocyte sedimentation, age of the individual, and the number of smoked cigarettes) into the discrimination rule and by calculating the discrimination function, a sensitivity of 80.6% and a specificity of 75.6% were obtained. A comparative cytological examination of the same set revealed lower sensitivity (61.0%) but higher specificity (98.0%). These values were verified in a blind test, as the patients were admitted to the hospital. Sensitivity in lung cancer was found to be 83.9%; in nonmalignant diseases the respective value was 77.1%. This approach can be applied to individuals suspect of cancer, in secondary prevention and in individuals with a high risk of lung cancer.

Adult↗
PubMed1988

Age-dependent influence of a moderate altitude (1,350 m) on the rat cardiopulmonary system.

The aim of the study was to determine whether a moderate altitude (1,350 m, Strbské Pleso, High Tatras) would act as a hypoxic stimulus on the cardiopulmonary system of young and adult rats. We used three experimental groups of animals differing in the duration of time for which they were kept at the given altitude (60 and 120 days) and the age at which they were acclimatized (from the 5th and the 60th day of life). The controls were kept at an altitude of 200 m (Prague). We found that an altitude of 1,350 m produced a significant increase in blood pressure in the lesser circulation; this response did not depend on the animals' age. Right ventricular enlargement occurred at the same time and was more pronounced in rats which had been acclimatized from infancy. The systemic blood pressure fell mildly, but significantly, only in animals exposed to altitude from adulthood; elevation of the haematocrit was likewise recorded only in this group. The results show that even a moderate altitude influences the cardiopulmonary system of the rat in a manner characteristic of the effect of chronic hypoxic hypoxia.

Acclimatization↗