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Biomedical subjects

J R Broell

Publications and source records attributed to J R Broell.

10 recordsLinked to original sources
PubMed1979

A continuous analyzer for monitoring respiratory gases and expired radioactivity in clinical studies.

A system for the continuous monitoring of gas exchange as well as 14CO2 from metabolic studies is described. The analyzer incorporates modifications over previously published systems. These modifications include accurate control of analyzer pressure for stable baselines during the long periods of measurement, accurate control of temperature, the measurement of oxygen consumption during high oxygen patient therapy, the measurement of oxygen consumption of patients on a mechanical respirator, and describes a unique flux system to calibrate the analyzer detectors. The closed system provides expired breath data for O2, CO2, and 14CO2 on critically ill patients for long periods of time without stressing the patient and without using a face mask or mouthpiece. These data allow for the calculation of daily energy expenditures of hypermetabolic patients and for the assessment of various metabolic responses with 14C substrates.

Calorimetry↗
PubMed1979

Influence of increasing carbohydrate intake on glucose kinetics in injured patients.

The metabolic and hormonal effect of glucose loads, ranging from 125 to 504 g/70 kg/day, were studied in severely injured patients. There was little or no correlation of glucose intake with nitrogen balance, plasma glucose, fatty acid concentrations, or epinephrine excretion. Increased norepinephrine excretion correlated with and may have resulted from increased glucose intake. Serum glucagon concentrations averaged 320 pg/ml and were not depressed by glucose intake. Insulin concentrations rose with glucose intake but were low for the level of plasma glucose. Glucose oxidation and non-oxidative metabolism, including glycogen deposition, correlated well with glucose intake. Gluconeogenesis from alanine was much higher than normal but was completely suppressed at very high intakes. The data imply that cycling of glucose, with glycerol, glycogen, or both, increased with increasing glucose intake.

Adult↗
PubMed1979

Influence of exercise and CO2 on breathing pattern of normal man.

Ventilatory patterns during rest, CO2 inhalation (2, 3, and 4%) and three levels of exercise were analyzed in supine men using a canopy system for noninvasive measurements. Changes in tidal volume (VT) and breathing frequency (f) with equal increases in minute ventilation (VE) differed significantly during exercise and CO2 inhalation. Increases in VE during exercise was accompanied by increases in VT and f. During CO2 inhalation, the change in frequency was less than during exercise. However, when analyzed in terms of inspiratory flow (VT/TI) and inspiratory duty cycle (TI/Ttot), the response to both stimuli was similar. With increases to twice control VE both TI/Ttot and VT/VI increased. Thereafter only VTTI increased with increasing VE. At rest, inspiratory time on a breath by breath basis increased minimally with VT, while changes in inspiratory flow accounted for the variability in VT. These two respiratory stimulants appear to increase ventilation through different mechanisms when analyzed in terms of VT and f. However, changes in inspiratory flow and duty cycle are similar in both.

Adult↗
PubMed1970

Contribution of protein to caloric expenditure following injury.

1. There is a common clinical impression that because the nitrogen excretion after injury roughly parallels the increased resting metabolic expenditure and weight loss, the primary source of extra fuel is derived from protein. This study has been undertaken to evaluate the caloric contribution of protein to the daily resting metabolic expenditure (RME). 2. Under the most extreme circumstances of nitrogen excretion, massive soft tissue injury, the caloric contribution of protein is only 20 percent of the RME. Body fat stores are the only other major source of fuel from which the semistarved patient can meet the increased demands for energy. 3. Any form of severe injury impairs the mechanisms by which protein breakdown and nitrogen excretion are reduced. 4. Patients undergoing elective operation in this study did not have a significant rise in RME or nitrogen excretion.

Adolescent↗